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Rural development --- farming systems --- Contract farming --- Diversification --- Production economics --- small enterprises --- South East Asia --- Viet Nam

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Recent portrayals of the private sector as the engine of poverty alleviation in Africa's agricultural growth corridors have sparked critique by scholars and activists alike. Land acquisitions by investors are the most criticized, but the private sector engages in corridors in other ways, on which research remains scarce. Idil Ires provides a political economy analysis of whether smallholders prosper when they coordinate with input suppliers, banks, and crop buyers through markets and contract farming in the Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania. This book will appeal to scholars and practitioners from diverse fields, offering timely insights into a critical debate.

Economic development --- Poverty --- Contract Farming. --- Economic Policy. --- Economy. --- Globalization. --- International Relations. --- Land. --- Political Science. --- Politics. --- SAGCOT. --- Tanzania.

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Les fermes d'alevinage, les fournisseurs d'intrants, les producteurs, les collecteurs et les transformateurs représentent les acteurs principaux de la chaîne des valeurs de la crevette dans le Delta du Mékong (DM). Ce secteur, outre une déficience en compétence managériale, connaît de nombreux problèmes de santé halieutique, de qualité des larves, et de pollution environnementale. Régissant la chaîne, les transformateurs déterminent les prix de la crevette et établissent les exigences en termes de qualité et de calibre des produits. Les producteurs demeurent en position d'infériorité en raison de leur petite taille individuelle et de leur compétence limitée. Les recherches menées montrent que la majorité des producteurs de crevettes ne s'est pas insérée dans le schéma d'intégration verticale ou l'a fait sans qu'aucun bénéfice ne s'en suive. L'intégration verticale sous forme d'aquaculture sous contrat ne semble pas adaptée aux petits producteurs qui, par ailleurs, dominent le secteur dans le DM. Les producteurs, et particulièrement ceux qui réalisent des volumes satisfaisants, paraissent ne pas voir d'intérêt significatif dans cette intégration. Les exigences de qualité sanitaire des aliments, la décision No. 80/2002/QĐ-TTg, les relations sociales, les habitudes culturelles, la structure gouvernementale, l'insuffisance des crédits et la corruption sont les principaux facteurs affectant les opportunités d'intégration des producteurs. Le mécanisme de prix minimum et de partage des risques, la taille réduite du modèle d'intégration verticale et l'excès de fournisseurs présents sur le marché, l'encadrement administratif inadapté et l'inefficience de la gestion publique constituent les principales causes de l'échec de la production sous contrat dans le DM. La planification et l'extension de zones de production de crevettes sont dès lors des problèmes primordiaux à résoudre. En vue d'optimiser le secteur, une réorganisation des producteurs en équipes ou groupements légaux ou autres coopératives constituerait également une piste permettant de limiter la petite taille des exploitations aquacoles telle qu'observée dans le schéma de production actuel.

Fingerlings --- Prawns and shrimps --- Freshwater crustaceans --- Crustacean culture --- Integration. --- Integration --- Contract farming --- Producer cooperatives --- Mekong River --- Viet Nam

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This report was prepared by the World Bank in partnership with the Livelihoods and Food Security Multi-Donor Trust Fund (LIFT). Both the World Bank and the LIFT are actively involved in supporting Myanmar's agriculture sector given its significance in poverty reduction and food security, and they both consider the lack of reliable farm data to be a significant constraint to designing effective programs and policies. This report fills some of the data gaps. In addition to presenting the collected data, the report offers the first analysis of these data. It focuses on the assessment of the extent of crop diversification and an analysis of farm production economics, in particular (partial factor) productivity of agricultural land and labor and crop profitability. This focus was chosen to study Myanmar's commercial production areas and to facilitate international comparisons, as most international studies follow a similar approach, focusing on advanced farmers in commercial production areas. The four main findings of the report are as follows: (i) Myanmar's farming systems are diversified and during the monsoon season most farms produce paddy, during the cool and dry seasons most farms produce crops other than paddy, mainly beans and pulses, oilseeds, and maize; (ii) the analysis reconfirmed that agricultural productivity in Myanmar is low, irrespective of what indicators are used, limiting the sector's contribution to poverty reduction and shared prosperity; (iii) low productivity is a result of multiple factors, many of them associated with the undersupply of quality public services such as research, extension, and rural infrastructure, in delivery of which the government has a key role to play; and (iv) going forward and given that paddy is less profitable and more costly to produce than other crops in most agro-ecological zones, especially during the cool and dry seasons, it is desirable to redesign public programs from exclusive support of paddy production to support for broad-based agricultural development.

Agricultural Knowledge & Information Systems --- Agricultural Productivity --- Agricultural Sector Economics --- Agriculture --- Aquaculture --- Beans --- Contract Farming --- Cooperatives --- Corn --- Crop Diversification --- Crops --- Crops & Crop Management Systems --- Drainage --- Dry Seasons --- Dung --- Ecosystems --- Farming --- Food Security --- Labor Costs --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Maize --- Oilseed Crops --- Plants --- Poultry --- Rice --- Rural Development --- Rural Markets --- Rural Policies and Institutions --- Seeds --- Soil Erosion --- Sunflowers --- Weeds --- Wheat

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This report highlights the great potential of the agribusiness sector in Africa by drawing on experience in Africa as well as other regions. The evidence demonstrates that good policies, a conducive business environment, and strategic support from governments can help agribusiness reach its potential. Africa is now at a crossroads, from which it can take concrete steps to realize its potential or continue to lose competitiveness, missing a major opportunity for increased growth, employment, and food security. The report pursues several lines of analysis. First, it synthesizes the large body of work on agriculture and agribusiness in Africa. Second, it builds on a diagnosis of specific value chains. As part of this effort, the value chain for Africa's largest and fastest-growing food import, rice, is benchmarked in Senegal and Ghana against Thailand's rice value chain. Third, 170 agribusiness investments by the Commonwealth Development Corporation (CDC) in Africa and Southeast Asia are analyzed to gain perspective on the elements of success and failure. Fourth, the report synthesizes perspectives from the private sector through interviews with 23 leading agribusiness investors and a number of other key informants. In conclusion, the report offers practical policy advice based on the experience of countries from within and outside Africa. The huge diversity of Africa's agro-ecological, market, and business environments, however, necessarily means that each country (and indeed regions within countries) will need to adapt the broad guidance provided here to the local context. Annex 1, concerning the rice value chain, was authored by John Orchard, Tim Chancellor, Roy Denton, Amadou Abdoulaye Fall, and Peter Jaeger. Annex 2, containing interviews with 23 leading agribusiness players in Africa, was authored by Peter White.

Agribusiness --- Agriculture --- Benchmarking --- Capacity Building --- Climate Change --- Climate Change and Agriculture --- Cocoa --- Coffee --- Commercial Banks --- Commercialization --- Commodity Prices --- Contract Farming --- Cotton --- Crop Yields --- Crops --- Crops & Crop Management Systems --- Dairy Products --- Developed Countries --- Economies of Scale --- Fertilizer --- Food Consumption --- Food Safety --- Food Security --- Gdp --- Grains --- Green Revolution --- Gross Domestic Product --- Human Capital --- Labor Costs --- Land Management --- Livestock --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Maize --- Marketing --- Meat --- Natural Resources --- Oil Palm --- Plantations --- Population Growth --- Poultry --- Price Volatility --- Productivity --- Property Rights --- Rent Seeking --- Sugar --- Sugarcane --- Surplus --- Technical Assistance --- Total Factor Productivity --- Trade and Integration --- Trade Liberalization --- Transaction Costs --- Trees