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Paris’s Gare du Nord is one of the busiest international transit centers in the world. In the past three decades, it has become an important hub for West African migrants—self-fashioned adventurers—navigating life in the city. In this groundbreaking work, Julie Kleinman chronicles how West Africans use the Gare du Nord to create economic opportunities, confront police harassment, and forge connections to people outside of their communities. Drawing on ten years of ethnographic research, including an internship at the French national railway company, Kleinman reveals how racial inequality is ingrained in the order of Parisian public space. She vividly describes the extraordinary ways that African migrants retool French transit infrastructure to build alternative pathways toward social and economic integration where state institutions have failed. In doing so, these adventurers defy boundaries—between migrant and citizen, center and periphery, neighbor and stranger—that have shaped urban planning and immigration policy. Adventure Capital offers a new understanding of contemporary migration and belonging, capturing the central role that West African migrants play in revitalizing French urban life.

West Africans --- Immigrants --- Racism --- Economic aspects --- Gare du Nord (Paris, France) --- confront police harassment. --- contemporary migration and belonging. --- create economic opportunities. --- forge connections to people. --- gare du nord. --- hub for west african migrants. --- international transit center. --- racial inequality in parisian public space. --- retool french transit infrastructure. --- revitalizing french urban life. --- self fashioned adventurers. --- west african migrants. --- west africans and gare du nord. --- west africans.

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Discussions about U.S. migration policing have traditionally focused on enforcement along the highly charged U.S.-Mexico boundary. Enforcement practices such as detention policies designed to restrict access to asylum also transpire in the Caribbean. Boats, Borders, and Bases tells a missing, racialized history of the U.S. migration detention system that was developed and expanded to deter Haitian and Cuban migrants. Jenna M. Loyd and Alison Mountz argue that the U.S. response to Cold War Caribbean migrations established the legal and institutional basis for contemporary migration detention and border-deterrent practices in the United States. This book will make a significant contribution to a fuller understanding of the history and geography of the United States's migration detention system.

Refugees --- Illegal aliens --- Detention of persons --- Alien detention centers --- Detention centers, Alien --- Displaced persons --- Persons --- Aliens --- Deportees --- Exiles --- Social conditions. --- Government policy --- Haiti --- Cuba --- United States --- Ayiti --- Bohio --- Haichi --- Hayti --- Haytian Republic --- Quisqueya --- Repiblik Ayiti --- Repiblik d Ayiti --- Republic of Haiti --- République d'Haïti --- ハイチ --- هايتي --- Гаити --- Gaiti --- Saint-Domingue --- Emigration and immigration. --- Emigration and immigration --- Government policy. --- Race relations --- History. --- Undocumented immigrants --- Immigrant detention centers --- Enemy aliens --- Expatriates --- Foreign population --- Foreign residents --- Foreigners --- Illegal immigrants --- Non-citizens --- Noncitizens --- Resident aliens --- Unauthorized immigrants --- Undocumented aliens --- Unnaturalized foreign residents --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Illegal immigration --- Children of illegal aliens --- Illegal alien children --- Irregular migration --- Unauthorized immigration --- Undocumented immigration --- Women illegal aliens --- Human smuggling --- Noncitizen detention centers --- alien detention centers. --- boat people in america. --- border patrol. --- caribbean migrations. --- contemporary migration restrictions. --- contemporary migration. --- cuban migrants. --- ice detention. --- illegal aliens. --- illegal immigrants. --- immigration and customs enforcement. --- immigration detention policies. --- immigration detention system. --- island immigrants. --- racialized history of immigration. --- refugees. --- undocumented immigrants. --- us border patrol. --- us mexico border. --- us migration policy. --- noncitizens detention centers. --- illegal noncitizens.