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A method of testing the relative importance for consumption of risk sharing behavior and changes in current income is proposed and estimated using data across Canadian provinces. The focus of the estimation is less on whether or not the risk sharing model can be rejected than on how much each of these hypotheses can contribute to explaining overall variation in consumption. Both types of behavior are found to be statistically significant, but the risk sharing model is found to explain considerably more of the growth in consumption than does changes in income.

Macroeconomics --- Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Consumption --- Income --- Personal income --- Disposable income --- Government consumption --- National accounts --- Economics --- National income --- Canada

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National consumption --- United States --- -Home economics --- -Domestic economy --- Domestic science --- Family and consumer sciences --- Household management --- Household science --- Formulas, recipes, etc. --- Consumer Economics --- Consumer Economics. --- Consumption (Economics) --- Consumers --- Home economics --- Mathematical models --- Congresses --- Social Sciences and Humanities. Consumer Studies --- Congresses. --- Domestic economy --- Customers (Consumers) --- Shoppers --- Consumer demand --- Consumer spending --- Consumerism --- Spending, Consumer --- Mathematical models&delete& --- Conferences - Meetings --- Family life education --- Home --- Consumer education --- Households --- Demand (Economic theory) --- Persons --- Consumption (Economics) - United States - Mathematical models - Congresses --- Consumers - United States - Mathematical models - Congresses --- Home economics - United States - Mathematical models - Congresses --- United States of America

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In countries such as the Soviet Union, where wealth is mainly stored in monetary assets, the behavior of the money to income ratio is a poor indicator of the growth of undesired monetary balances (monetary overhang). In those countries a monetary overhang is primarily a wealth overhang, which has to be analyzed by evaluating deviations of actual from desired wealth holdings; this requires an empirical analysis of consumption and saving decisions. In this paper, we present estimates of a consumption function for the Soviet Union, from which an evaluation of the monetary overhang existing at the end of 1990 is derived.

Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- Demand for Money --- Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Prices --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Household Analysis: General --- Consumption --- Disposable income --- Income --- Household consumption --- National accounts --- Prices --- Economics --- National income --- Russian Federation

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This paper discusses the evolution of the household debt in Australia and finds that while higher-income and higher-wealth households tend to have higher debt, lower-income households may become more vulnerable to rising debt service over time. Then, the paper analyzes the impact of a monetary policy shock on households’ current consumption and durable expenditures depending on the level of household debt. The results corroborate other work that households’ response to monetary policy shocks depends on their debt and income levels. In particular, households with higher debt tend to reduce their current consumption and durable expenditures more than other households in response to a contractionary monetary policy shocks. However, households with low debt may not respond to monetary policy shocks, as they hold more interest-earning assets.

Australia --- Economic conditions. --- Macroeconomics --- Real Estate --- Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- Monetary Policy --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Household Analysis: General --- Housing Supply and Markets --- Property & real estate --- Disposable income --- Consumption --- Income --- Household consumption --- Housing prices --- National accounts --- Prices --- Economics --- National income --- Housing

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We leverage survey data from emerging and developing Asia to highlight different aspects of household vulnerability to income shocks arising from the Covid-19 pandemic: occupation in Cambodia, self-insurance mechanisms in Nepal, and financial leverage in Vietnam. Occupation and ex-ante income levels emerge as the main drivers of vulnerability. We estimate that the pandemic could have placed an additional 6 to 9 percent of the population of each country in a vulnerable position, with the impact concentrated on urban, informal, and service sector workers. Government intervention and financial access emerge as key resilience-enhancing mechanisms.

Macroeconomics --- Economics: General --- Diseases: Contagious --- Industries: Financial Services --- Personal Finance --- Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Health Behavior --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Economics of specific sectors --- Infectious & contagious diseases --- Finance --- Income --- National accounts --- COVID-19 --- Health --- Income shocks --- Consumption --- Loans --- Financial institutions --- Currency crises --- Informal sector --- Economics --- Communicable diseases