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Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Stellungnahmen dreier bedeutender altkirchlicher Autoren zur Frage nach der Haltung des vorkonstantinischen Christentums zum Heeresdienst von Christen: Tertullian, Origenes und Clemens Alexandrinus. Dabei gilt das besondere Augenmerk ihrer Interpretation vor dem Hintergrund der Konventionen antiker Rhetorik und im Rahmen ihres jeweiligen argumentativen Gesamtzusammenhangs. Es zeigt sich am Beispiel der behandelten Autoren, dass es im Christentum der Jahre zwischen 200-250 n. Chr. eine lebhafte Diskussion gab, ob Christen Soldaten und Soldaten Christen werden durften. Dabei erweisen sich die konkreten Aussagen jedes Autors als rhetorisch reflektiert und inhaltlich auf die jeweils vorliegende Diskussion, in die er verwickelt ist, zugespitzt. Sie müssen daher unter Berücksichtigung dieser Gesprächssituation sowie der Konventionen antiker Rhetorik behutsam nach möglicherweise dahinter stehenden, allgemeinen Positionen befragt werden. Insgesamt werden vielfältige Positionen und Argumente erkennbar und zugleich wird deutlich, wie das Christentum um seine Standortbestimmung innerhalb des römischen Reiches ringt. This study examines the attitude of three important pre-Constantinian Church authors on the issue of military service by Christians. During their era, there were growing numbers of Christians in the army, and discussions began in their communities as to whether this was consistent with Christian beliefs. Many positions and arguments emerged. At the same time, the study shows how Christianity struggled to find its position within the Roman Empire.

Christianity --- Rome --- Army --- Religious life. --- History --- Pre-constantinian Christianity. --- Roman army. --- ancient rhetoric. --- church fathers. --- Religions --- Church history --- Europe

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The first coherent and handy edition with commentaries of one oft he most important sources for history, administration and religious mentalities of the city of Rome in the 4th century A.D.The collection of pictures, lists and short notes, known as the "Chronography of 354" or the "Calendar of Filocalus" is a calendar handbook for the year 354 C.E. Of the thirteen texts, four are Christian documents; the remaining are witnesses of Roman administration and provide no clue for Christianity, or at times even attestations to the Roman religiosity of the Republic and the Imperial Time. The handbook contents can be distinguished by whether it has pictures or just text. Given the complexity of the present form of its constituents, the calendar handbook is an important source for the politic administrative history of the late-Constantine time, for the history of the transformation of religious mentalities, and for the success of the story of Christianity in the city of Rome. The following texts are especially noteworthy:(1)The consular fasti from the beginning of the consulate up to the year 354 CE, for the Roman History and the families that dominated it;(2)the yearly calendar for those festivals celebrated in late-Constantine time with their political and religio-historical dimension, which influenced the history of everyday life of the city;(3)the Catalogus Liberianus, the oldest Roman book of the popes, which together with the lists of the Deposito episcoporum and the Deposito martyrum, the oldest feriale of any Christian Church, is important for the Church of Rome and its conception of history.Notwithstanding a century-long history of editions and commentaries of the calendar handbook, there is up to the present no connected edition and commentary of the pertinent texts, only critical editions of individual parts. This is related to the complex tradition process and the preserved late manuscripts of the 16th and the 17th Century. This poses a range of problems, which this edition and its commentaries tackle:(a)what all was part of the original calendar(b)when did the different texts and their redactions, which lead to the expansions, come into being(c)the perennial research problem of the relationship between the traditional Roman religion and Christianity, for which the texts of the chronographs provide crucial evidence(d)the position of the calendar handbook in the history of book illustration in Late Antiquity.Furthermore, since Mommsen's classical edition, a host of individual problems have been identified, which affect very different scientific endeavours, ranging from the studies of classical antiquities to theology and from cultural sciences to astronomy.Vol. I.: lntroduction with the history of research and the manuscript tradition, Frontispice, Dedicatio, Imagines imperatorum, Natales Caesarum, the week of the planets, the months. Es handelt sich um die erste zusammenhängende Ausgabe mit Kommentar des Kalenderhandbuches, das mit seinen Texten eine wichtige Quelle zur Geschichte, Verwaltung und zu den religiösen Mentalitäten in der Stadt Rom im 4. Jahrhundert n.Chr. darstellt.

History --- Ancient Rome --- Fasti --- Early Christianity --- Late Antiquity --- Calendar --- Constantinian Age --- Antikes Rom --- frühes Christentum --- Spätantike --- Kalender --- Konstantinisches Zeitalter --- Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum --- Polemius Silvius

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The first coherent and handy edition with commentaries of one oft he most important sources for history, administration and religious mentalities of the city of Rome in the 4th century A.D.The collection of pictures, lists and short notes, known as the "Chronography of 354" or the "Calendar of Filocalus" is a calendar handbook for the year 354 C.E. Of the thirteen texts, four are Christian documents; the remaining are witnesses of Roman administration and provide no clue for Christianity, or at times even attestations to the Roman religiosity of the Republic and the Imperial Time. The handbook contents can be distinguished by whether it has pictures or just text. Given the complexity of the present form of its constituents, the calendar handbook is an important source for the politic administrative history of the late-Constantine time, for the history of the transformation of religious mentalities, and for the success of the story of Christianity in the city of Rome. The following texts are especially noteworthy:(1) The consular fasti from the beginning of the consulate up to the year 354 CE, for the Roman History and the families that dominated it;(2) the yearly calendar for those festivals celebrated in late-Constantine time with their political and religio-historical dimension, which influenced the history of everyday life of the city;(3) the Catalogus Liberianus, the oldest Roman book of the popes, which together with the lists of the Deposito episcoporum and the Deposito martyrum, the oldest feriale of any Christian Church, is important for the Church of Rome and its conception of history.Notwithstanding a century-long history of editions and commentaries of the calendar handbook, there is up to the present no connected edition and commentary of the pertinent texts, only critical editions of individual parts. This is related to the complex tradition process and the preserved late manuscripts of the 16th and the 17th century. This poses a range of problems, which this edition and its commentaries tackle:(a) what all was part of the original calendar(b) when did the different texts and their redactions, which lead to the expansions, come into being(c) the perennial research problem of the relationship between the traditional Roman religion and Christianity, for which the texts of the chronographs provide crucial evidence(d) the position of the calendar handbook in the history of book illustration in LateAntiquity.Furthermore, since Mommsen's classical edition, a host of individual problems have been identified, which affect very different scientific endeavours, ranging from the studies of classical antiquities to theology and from cultural sciences to astronomy.Vol. 2: Fasti Consulares, Praefecti urbis Romae 254 - 354 A.D., Cpomputus Paschalis, Depositio martyrum, Depositio Episcoporum, Catalogus Liberianus Es handelt sich um die erste zusammenhängende Ausgabe mit Kommentar des Kalenderhandbuches, das mit seinen Texten eine wichtige Quelle zur Geschichte, Verwaltung und zu den religiösen Mentalitäten in der Stadt Rom im 4. Jahrhundert n.Chr. darstellt.

Ancient Rome --- Fasti --- Early Christianity --- Late Antiquity --- Calendar --- Constantinian Age --- Antikes Rom --- frühes Christentum --- Spätantike --- Kalender --- Konstantinisches Zeitalter --- Friesische Freiheit --- Gaius Iulius Caesar --- Peneus --- Praefectus urbi

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The first coherent and handy edition with commentaries of one oft he most important sources for history, administration and religious mentalities of the city of Rome in the 4th century A.D.The collection of pictures, lists and short notes, known as the "Chronography of 354" or the "Calendar of Filocalus" is a calendar handbook for the year 354 C.E. Of the thirteen texts, four are Christian documents; the remaining are witnesses of Roman administration and provide no clue for Christianity, or at times even attestations to the Roman religiosity of the Republic and the Imperial Time. The handbook contents can be distinguished by whether it has pictures or just text. Given the complexity of the present form of its constituents, the calendar handbook is an important source for the politic administrative history of the late-Constantine time, for the history of the transformation of religious mentalities, and for the success of the story of Christianity in the city of Rome. The following texts are especially noteworthy:(1) The consular fasti from the beginning of the consulate up to the year 354 CE, for the Roman History and the families that dominated it;(2) the yearly calendar for those festivals celebrated in late-Constantine time with their political and religio-historical dimension, which influenced the history of everyday life of the city;(3) the Catalogus Liberianus, the oldest Roman book of the popes, which together with the lists of the Deposito episcoporum and the Deposito martyrum, the oldest feriale of any Christian Church, is important for the Church of Rome and its conception of history.Notwithstanding a century-long history of editions and commentaries of the calendar handbook, there is up to the present no connected edition and commentary of the pertinent texts, only critical editions of individual parts. This is related to the complex tradition process and the preserved late manuscripts of the 16th and the 17th century. This poses a range of problems, which this edition and its commentaries tackle:(a) what all was part of the original calendar(b) when did the different texts and their redactions, which lead to the expansions, come into being(c) the perennial research problem of the relationship between the traditional Roman religion and Christianity, for which the texts of the chronographs provide crucial evidence(d) the position of the calendar handbook in the history of book illustration in LateAntiquity.Furthermore, since Mommsen's classical edition, a host of individual problems have been identified, which affect very different scientific endeavours, ranging from the studies of classical antiquities to theology and from cultural sciences to astronomy.Vol. 2: Fasti Consulares, Praefecti urbis Romae 254 - 354 A.D., Cpomputus Paschalis, Depositio martyrum, Depositio Episcoporum, Catalogus Liberianus Es handelt sich um die erste zusammenhängende Ausgabe mit Kommentar des Kalenderhandbuches, das mit seinen Texten eine wichtige Quelle zur Geschichte, Verwaltung und zu den religiösen Mentalitäten in der Stadt Rom im 4. Jahrhundert n.Chr. darstellt.

History --- Ancient Rome --- Fasti --- Early Christianity --- Late Antiquity --- Calendar --- Constantinian Age --- Antikes Rom --- frühes Christentum --- Spätantike --- Kalender --- Konstantinisches Zeitalter --- Friesische Freiheit --- Gaius Iulius Caesar --- Peneus --- Praefectus urbi

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Die Einstellung Konstantins des Großen zum Christengott und die Motive und Ziele der Politik des Kaisers gegenüber den Christen und ihrem Klerus sind bis heute umstritten. In Auseinandersetzung mit der Forschung der letzten 150 Jahre bietet der Autor zunächst eine in verschiedenen Einzelaspekten neue Rekonstruktion der Abwendung Konstantins vom Paganismus und seiner Hinwendung zum Christentum in den Jahren 310 bis 312. Analysiert werden sodann im Kontext des Aufstiegs zur Alleinherrschaft seine frühesten Selbstzeugnisse als Christ, seine 312 massiv einsetzende ideelle und materielle Förderung von christlichem Klerus und Kirchengemeinden und seine Rolle als ,Bischof der Bischöfe' (episcopus episcoporum, pontifex maximus) bis zu seinem Tod 337. Dabei kommt auch seine Politik gegenüber den nichtchristlichen Religionen zur Sprache. Maßgebend war, so zeigt sich, nicht der Gedanke der ,Toleranz', sondern angesichts der überwältigend großen Mehrheit der Nichtchristen in den Führungsschichten von Armee und Gesellschaft und in der Reichsbevölkerung insgesamt der Gesichtspunkt der ordnungspolitischen Opportunität. Konstantin strebte keine Parität, keinen Pluralismus, keine Koexistenz der Religionen an: das Christentum sollte zur alleinigen Reichs- und Weltreligion werden.

Church history --- Church and state --- Eglise --- Eglise et Etat --- Histoire --- Constantine --- History --- Church and state -- Rome -- History. --- Church history -- 4th century. --- Constantine I, Emperor of Rome, d. 337. --- Religion --- Christianity --- Philosophy & Religion --- 937.08 --- 27 "03" --- Geschiedenis van Rome: absolutistisch keizerrijk van Diocletianus tot de val van Rome--(284-476 n. Chr.) --- Kerkgeschiedenis--?"03" --- 937.08 Geschiedenis van Rome: absolutistisch keizerrijk van Diocletianus tot de val van Rome--(284-476 n. Chr.) --- Constantijn, --- Constantin, --- Constantin --- Constantine, --- Constantino --- Constantinus Flavius Valerius Aurelius, --- Constantinus --- Constantinus, --- Costantino --- Costantino, --- Flaviĭ Valeriĭ Avreliĭ Konstantin, --- Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus, --- Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus, --- Flavius Valerius Constantinus, --- Konstantin, --- Konstantin --- Kōnstantinos, --- Kōnstantinos --- Konstantyn, --- Kostandianos --- Κωνσταντίνος, --- Флавий Валерий Аврелий Константин, --- Константин --- Константин, --- Flavije Valerije Konstantin --- Influence --- History. --- Religions --- Constantine the Great. --- Constantinian Revolution. --- History of Councils. --- Late Antique Christianity. --- Religious Politics/Christianity. --- Church history - 4th century --- Church and state - Rome - History --- Constantin empereur --- Constantine - I, - Emperor of Rome, - d. 337