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Elevated levels of novelty seeking are often seen during adolescence. Recent studies using a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm have shown that novelty may be rewarding for adult rats. The present study explored the impact of age, sex, and isolation stress on novelty seeking and novelty reward by assessing novel object-induced CPP in adolescent and adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats housed either socially or in isolation. Responding to the novel objects during conditioning was higher in adolescent animals than adults, and was suppressed by social isolation only in adulthood, particularly among males. Novel object CPP was strong among adolescent males, whereas only socially isolated adult males demonstrated preference for the compartment paired with the novel objects. This age difference was not evident in females, with both adolescent and adult group-housed females, but not their isolated counterparts, showing novel-object place conditioning. These dissociations between novelty-directed behaviors during conditioning and novelty reward in the CPP paradigm support the suggestion that mechanisms underlying novelty seeking are separable from those involved in the rewarding effects of novelty. High levels of novelty seeking demonstrated by adolescents do not necessarily predict high rewarding properties of novelty, with the latter also being influenced by environmental and gender-related factors. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Adolescence. --- Adult rats. --- Adult-rat. --- Adult-rats. --- Adult. --- Adulthood. --- Age. --- Animal. --- Animals. --- Antagonism. --- Behavior. --- Behavioral-responses. --- Conditioned place preference. --- Conditioning. --- Developmental differences. --- Female rats. --- Female. --- Females. --- Inhibition. --- Isolation stress. --- Isolation. --- Level. --- Male. --- Males. --- Mechanisms. --- Novelty-seeking. --- Novelty. --- Object. --- Objects. --- Preference. --- Rat. --- Rats. --- Rattus-norvegicus. --- Reared rats. --- Reward. --- Seeking. --- Sex differences. --- Sex-differences. --- Sex. --- Sexes. --- Social isolation. --- Social-isolation. --- Social. --- Sprague-dawley rats. --- Sprague-dawley. --- Stress. --- Time.

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p38 Mitogen activated protein kinases (p38MAPK) are a group of evolutionary conserved protein kinases which are central for cell adaptation to environmental changes as well as for immune response, inflammation, tissue regeneration and tumour formation. The interest in this group of protein kinases has grown continually since their discovery. Recent studies using new genetic and pharmacological tools are providing helpful information on the function of these stress-activated protein kinases and show that they have an acute impact on the development of prevalent diseases related to inflammation, diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cancer. In this Special Issue we present novel advances and review the knowledge on the identification of p38MAPK substrates, functions, and regulation; mechanisms underlying the role of p38MAPK in malignant transformation and other pathologies; and therapeutic opportunities associated with regulation of p38MAPK activity.

Research & information: general --- arginine methylation --- erythroid differentiation --- MKK3 --- phosphorylation, PRMT1 --- p38 MAPK --- cocaine --- conditioned place preference --- reward --- stress --- anxiety --- depression --- nucleus accumbens --- social interaction --- k opioid receptors --- p38α --- Rab5 --- endosome --- Alzheimer's --- Lewy Bodies --- amyloid-β --- tau --- α-synuclein --- p38-MAPK α inhibitor --- Alzheimer's disease --- synaptic plasticity --- neuroinflammation --- β-amyloid --- Tau --- Kv4.2 --- seizure --- temporal lobe epilepsy --- hippocampus --- neuronal firing and excitability --- p38MAPK --- nuclear translocation --- β-like importins --- inflammation --- cancer --- skeletal muscle --- energy metabolism --- signal transduction --- exercise --- type 2 diabetes --- p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase --- bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis --- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis --- RNA sequencing --- alveolar epithelial type II cells --- MAPK --- p38 --- physiology --- metabolism --- signaling --- hypoxia --- arrhythmia --- MAPK11 --- p38β