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Beziehen die Naturwissenschaften die Geschichte ihrer eigenen Fachbegriffe zumeist ebenso wenig in ihre Epistemologie ein wie sich die stark geisteswissenschaftlich geprägte Begriffsgeschichte lange für Konzepte und Begriffe der Naturwissenschaften interessiert hat, so ergeben sich aus jüngsten Forschungsansätzen der Wissenschaftsgeschichte und den Kulturwissenschaften interessante neue Verbindungen. Nach einer Vielzahl mikrohistorischer, auf materiale Praxen orientierter Arbeiten zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte und der notwendigen Destruktion ideengeschichtlicher "großer Erzählungen" erscheinen nun daran anknüpfende "längerfristige historische Anschlüsse solcher lokalen Geschichten" (H.-J. Rheinberger) als Desiderat. Nimmt indes die Begriffsgeschichte ein solches Desiderat als Herausforderung an, so steht sie vor der Aufgabe einer Reorganisation ihrer Kategorien und Methoden. Die Beiträge von Vertretern unterschiedlichster Disziplinen dokumentieren die Vielfalt der mit diesem Unternehmen verbundenen Fragestellungen. Schwerpunkte des Bandes bilden Reflexionen zu Methoden begriffsgeschichtlicher Forschung und Darstellung, zum (historischen) Zusammenhang von kategorialen und praktischen Verfahren, zur Metaphorologie und zum Verhältnis von Begriffsgeschichte und Wissenschaftsgeschichte. Die methodischen Fragen werden an begriffsgeschichtlichen Exempeln zu interdisziplinären Schlüsselbegriffen wie Schwelle/Grad/Intensität, Information, Projektion, Katalyse, Kraft, Körper u.a. untersucht. Dabei knüpfen viele Beiträge an die französische Theorietradition der historischen Epistemologie (Bachelard, Canguilhem, Foucault) an, nicht zuletzt, weil sie den traditionellen Dualismus von Geistes- und Naturwissenschaften unterlaufen.
Natural history. --- Science --- Philosophy. --- Conceptual History, Natural Sciences.
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The author studies Portuguese psychiatry in the period of its institutionalization. It summarizes the international scientific-medical context, showing the progress of medicine, where, in addition to biology, the study of psychogenetic formulations began at the end of the 19th century. It then analyses the national context, including legislation, establishments and their history, regulations, plans for reform, publications and scientific dissemination, and education, highlighting the reform of 1911. The protagonists, their ideas and published works are analysed, trying to show their differences of opinion in various matters, in historical times crossed by social and political conflicts, but of great wealth in the level of ideas. If in the first phase the main figures are heralds of eighteenth-century philosophical and scientific currents, in the second phase new ideas arise that allow the renewal of the relations between neurology and psychiatry, and a more psychological and psychotherapeutic attitude is disclosed. In conclusion, psychiatry, according to a multidisciplinary enlargement, is defining more diverse forms of institutional treatment, with a more inclusive biological vision.
History of psychiatry in Portugal --- alienists --- conceptual history --- scientific culture --- history of science
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Figures emerge from movement. We live and think in figures. This monograph pursues the literary, theological, and philosophical traces of the concept of figura in comparative constellations from antiquity to modernity, starting with Erich Auerbach, developing them into a method of literary-philosophical figuralogy and opening up a compendium of connections between conceptual history and literary theory. Worüber wir reden, wenn wir von Figuren reden, ist eine komplexe Fragestellung, die unterschiedliche Disziplinen berührt. Mit Erich Auerbachs figura/Mimesis-Projekt wurde die interdiszplinäre Forschung dieses Begriffs initiiert. Ob Literatur-, Bild- oder Wissensgeschichte – die Präsenz und Aktualität von figura in der romanistischen und komparatistischen Forschung bezeugt ein anhaltendes Interesse an der Theoriearbeit zwischen Theologie, Philosophie, Literatur- und Kunstwissenschaft. Allerdings fehlt bislang eine grundlegende methodologische Reflexion, die die interdisziplinären Aspekte gleichrangig berücksichtigt und zu einer gemeinsamen Arbeit am Begriff vereinigt. Dieses Versäumnis zu beheben, ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Arbeit. Ausgehend von Erich Auerbach, Walter Benjamin und Hannah Arendt verfolgt die Monographie in vergleichenden Konstellationen von der Antike bis in die Moderne die literatur- und kunsthistorischen, theologischen und philosophischen Spuren von figura, die zu einer Methode der literaturphilosophischen Figuralogie ausgebaut werden. Ecce figura versteht sich als ein Kompendium interdisziplinärer Begriffsgeschichte zwischen Literatur, Philosophie und Theologie, das dazu einlädt, in neuen Konstellationen gelesen und erweitert zu werden.
LITERARY CRITICISM / European / General. --- Auerbach, Erich. --- conceptual history. --- figura. --- literary theory.
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This electronic version has been made available under a Creative Commons (BY-NC-ND) open access license. Postmodern, postcolonial and post-truth are broadly used terms. But where do they come from? When and why did the habit of interpreting the world in post-terms emerge? And who exactly were the 'post boys' responsible for this?Post-everything examines why post-Christian, post-industrial and post-bourgeois were terms that resonated, not only among academics, but also in the popular press. It delves into the historical roots of postmodern and poststructuralist, while also subjecting more recent post-constructions (posthumanist, postfeminist) to critical scrutiny.This study is the first to offer a comprehensive history of post-concepts. In tracing how these concepts found their way into a broad range of genres and disciplines, Post-everything contributes to a rapprochement between the history of the humanities and the history of the social sciences.
Conceptual history. --- Historicism. --- Intellectual history. --- Performativity. --- Post-colonialism. --- Post-concepts. --- Post-truth. --- Postmodernism. --- Prefixes. --- Transnationalism. --- History. --- PHILOSOPHY / History & Surveys / Modern.
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Western commentators have often criticized the state of press freedom in China, arguing that individual speech still suffers from arbitrary restrictions and that its mass media remains under an authoritarian mode. Yet the history of press freedom in the Chinese context has received little examination. Unlike conventional historical accounts which narrate the institutional development of censorship and people's resistance to arbitrary repression, Freedom of the Press in China: A Conceptual History, 1831-1949 is the first comprehensive study presenting the intellectual trajectory of press freedom. It sheds light on the transcultural transference and localization of the concept in modern Chinese history, spanning from its initial introduction in 1831 to the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949. By examining intellectuals' thoughts, common people's attitudes, and official opinions, along with the social-cultural factors that were involved in negotiating Chinese interpretations and practices in history, this book uncovers the dynamic and changing meanings of press freedom in modern China.
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Intellectual life --- Intellectual life. --- History --- Cultural life --- historiography --- history of science --- conceptual history --- history of ideas --- intellectual history --- Culture --- History - General
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It is difficult to speak about Europe today without reference to its constitutive regions—supra-national geographical designations such as “Scandinavia,” “Eastern Europe,” and “the Balkans.” Such formulations are so ubiquitous that they are frequently treated as empirical realities rather than a series of shifting, overlapping, and historically constructed concepts. This volume is the first to provide a synthetic account of these concepts and the historical and intellectual contexts in which they emerged. Bringing together prominent international scholars from across multiple disciplines, it systematically and comprehensively explores how such “meso-regions” have been conceptualized throughout modern European history.
Borderlands --- Regionalism --- Political geography --- Geography, Political --- Human geography --- Border-lands --- Border regions --- Frontiers --- Boundaries --- Europe --- History. --- Historical geography. --- Europe, Historical Geography, Meso-Regions, Regional Frameworks, Conceptual History.
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Was meinen wir, wenn wir soziale Konstellationen als »möglich« bezeichnen? Diese Frage wurde allzu oft nur randständig beleuchtet, obwohl »Möglichkeit« seit Aristoteles zum grundbegrifflichen Repertoire der praktischen Philosophie zählt. Umso unverständlicher wirkt die Zurückhaltung von Horkheimer und Adorno, den Begriff gesellschaftstheoretisch zu explizieren. Gösta Gantner zeigt, inwiefern die Vorstellungen des »Andersseinkönnens« und der »Potentialität« die Kritische Theorie nahezu unbemerkt dominieren. Als Schlüsselbegriff trägt »Möglichkeit« dazu bei, aktuelle Varianten kritischen Denkens in ihrem leitenden Erkenntnisinteresse und ihrer praktischen Ausrichtung zu schärfen: Im Lichte der Kritik des Gegebenen geht es um das, was anders sein kann.
Möglichkeit; Kontingenz; Kritische Theorie; Utopie; Freiheit; Gesellschaftstheorie; Begriffsgeschichte; Max Horkheimer; Theodor W. Adorno; Sozialität; Ethik; Sozialphilosophie; Soziologische Theorie; Philosophie; Possibility; Contingency; Critical Theory; Utopia; Liberty; Social Theory; Conceptual History; Social Relations; Ethics; Social Philosophy; Sociological Theory; Philosophy --- Conceptual History. --- Contingency. --- Critical Theory. --- Ethics. --- Liberty. --- Max Horkheimer. --- Philosophy. --- Social Philosophy. --- Social Relations. --- Social Theory. --- Sociological Theory. --- Theodor W. Adorno. --- Utopia.
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Political science --- Philosophy --- Philosophy. --- Political philosophy --- political thought --- conceptual theory --- feminist theory --- gender studies --- political theory --- conceptual history --- Feminist theory --- Feminist theory. --- Feminism --- Feminist philosophy --- Feminist sociology --- Theory of feminism
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An Open Access edition of this book is available on the Liverpool University Press website and the OAPEN library.This book sets out to understand how the meaning of 'literature' was transformed in the Global South in the post-1945 era. It looks at institutional contexts in South Africa (mainly Johannesburg), Brazil (São Paulo), Senegal (Dakar) and Kenya (Nairobi), and engages with critical writing in English, Portuguese and French. Critics studied in the book include Antonio Candido, Tim Couzens, Isabel Hofmeyr, Es'kia Mphahlele, Léopold Senghor, Taban Lo Liyong and Ngugi wa Thiong'o. By reading these intellectuals of the Global South as producers of theory and practice in their own right, the book attempts to demonstrate the contingency of what is her called the worlding of the concept of literature. 'Decolonisation' itself is seen as a contingent, non-linear process that unfolds in a recursive dialogue with the past. In a bid to offer a more grounded approach to world literature, a key objective of this study is therefore to investigate the accumulation of temporalities in institutional histories of critical practice. To reach this objective, it engages the method of conceptual history as developed by Reinhart Koselleck and David Scott, demonstrating how the concept of 'literature' is resemanticised in ways that dialectically both challenge and consolidate literature as a concept and practice in post-colonised societies.
African literature. --- African literature --- History and criticism. --- Black literature (African) --- Authors, African --- African literary criticism --- postcolonial studies --- literature --- Global South studies --- global intellectual history --- world literature --- decolonisation --- postcolonialism --- Brazilian literary criticism --- conceptual history
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