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The continuous miniaturization of products and the growing complexity of their embedded multifunctionalities necessitates continuous research and development efforts regarding micro components and related micro manufacturing technologies. Highly miniaturized systems, manufactured using a wide variety of materials, have found application in key technological fields, such as healthcare devices, micro implants, mobility, communications, optics, and micro electromechanical systems. Innovations required for the high-precision manufacturing of micro components can specifically be achieved through optimizations using post-process (i.e., offline) and in-process (i.e., online) metrology of both process input and output parameters, as well as geometrical features of the produced micro parts. However, it is of critical importance to reduce the metrology and optimization efforts, since process and product quality control can represent a significant portion of the total production time in micro manufacturing. To solve this fundamental challenge, research efforts have been undertaken in order to define, investigate, implement, and validate the so-called "product/process manufacturing fingerprint" concept. The "product manufacturing fingerprint" concept refers to those unique dimensional outcomes (e.g., surface topography, form error, critical dimensions, etc.) on the produced component that, if kept under control and within specifications, ensure that the entire micro component complies to its specifications. The "process manufacturing fingerprint" is a specific process parameter or feature to be monitored and controlled, in order to maintain the manufacture of products within the specified tolerances. By integrating both product and process manufacturing fingerprint concepts, the metrology and optimization efforts are highly reduced. Therefore, the quality of the micro products increases, with an obvious improvement in production yield. Accordingly, this Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers, short communications, and review articles that focus on novel methodological developments and applications in micro- and sub-micro-scale manufacturing, process monitoring and control, as well as micro and sub-micro product quality assurance. Focus will be on micro manufacturing process chains and their micro product/process fingerprint, towards full process optimization and zero-defect micro manufacturing.

n/a --- Fresnel lenses --- Electro sinter forging --- micro-injection moulding --- surface roughness --- charge relaxation time --- optimization --- gratings --- plasma-electrolytic polishing --- micro structures replication --- micro-grinding --- electrical discharge machining --- injection molding --- quality control --- commercial control hardware --- electrical current --- damping --- process monitoring --- fingerprints --- impact analysis --- current monitoring --- process control --- quality assurance --- surface integrity --- microfabrication --- microinjection moulding --- electro chemical machining --- superhydrophobic surface --- surface modification --- haptic actuator --- electrical discharge machining (EDM) --- surface morphology --- inline metrology --- optical quality control --- finishing --- flow length --- precision injection molding --- laser ablation --- micro metrology --- Halbach linear motor --- 2-step analysis --- computer holography --- PeP --- satellite drop --- process fingerprint --- materials characterisation --- current density --- micro drilling --- multi-spectral imaging --- lithography --- manufacturing signature --- artificial compound eye --- electrohydrodynamic jet printing --- ECM --- positioning platform --- diffractive optics --- bioceramics --- resistance sintering --- uncertainty budget --- product fingerprint --- confocal microscopy --- spectral splitting --- dental implant --- desirability function --- injection compression molding --- electrochemical machining (ECM) --- high strain rate effect --- process fingerprints

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Modern holographic techniques have been successfully applied in many important areas, such as 3-D inspection, 3-D microscopy, metrology, and profilometry, augmented reality, and industrial informatics. This Special Issue covers selected pieces of cutting-edge research works, ranging from low-level acquisition, to high-level analysis, processing, and manipulation of holographic information. The Special Issue also serves as a comprehensive review of existing state-of-the-art techniques in 3-D imaging and 3-D display, as well as broad insights into the future development of these disciplines. The Special Issue contains 25 papers in the field of holography, 3-D imaging, and 3-D display. All the papers underwent substantial peer review under the guidelines of Applied Sciences.

optical scanning holography --- extended depth-of-field --- automatic focus detection --- entropy minimization --- block partitioned entropy minimization --- holographic printing --- holographic stereogram --- holographic element (hogel) --- round-trip imaging --- scattering media --- 3D imaging --- transmission matrix --- spatial light modulator --- digital holography --- phase modulation --- Fourier spectra --- fast characterization --- coherent imaging --- hologram --- holography --- phase-only --- compression --- deep learning --- JPEG --- convolutional neural network --- shape from focus --- neural network --- weight passing --- computer-generated hologram --- rainbow hologram --- high resolution --- fringe printer --- wide viewing angle --- three-dimensional imaging --- multiwavelength digital holography --- color holography --- phase-shifting interferometry --- phase-shifting digital holography --- absolute phase retrieval --- phase-shift --- fringe order --- geometric constraints --- holographic solar concentrator --- holographic lens --- volume phase holographic optical elements --- near-eye display --- leaky mode --- lithium niobate --- holographic video --- augmented reality --- 3D display --- acousto-optic modulator --- laser-induced structures --- computer holography --- spatial light modulators --- diffraction gratings --- imaging systems --- digital hologram --- holographic display --- tabletop display --- hologram measurement --- ophthalmoscope --- lens design --- medical optics and biotechnology --- holographic element --- virtual reality --- 3-D optical imaging processing --- 3-D optical display --- 3-D projection integral imaging --- three-dimensional dual-view display --- shape from focus (SFF) --- jitter noise --- focus curve --- Kalman filter --- imaging --- 3D --- high-resolution episcopic microscopy --- episcopic --- phenotyping --- HREM --- tomographic diffractive microscopy (TDM) --- diffracted field --- holographic interferometry --- inverse scattering --- dual-view display --- integral imaging --- lens-array holographic optical element --- 3D imaging system --- wave field synthesis --- vergence–accommodation conflict --- lens array --- focus cue --- light field display --- holographic 3D display --- computer generated holography --- generalized phase-shifting interferometry --- slightly tilted reference --- numerical simulations --- n/a --- vergence-accommodation conflict