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Functional chitosan-based composites provide recent advances in the field. This reprint explores the preparation and characterization of nanocomposite films, membranes, hydrogels and nanoparticles, emphasizing their potential application as medical devices, packaging, or fuel cells. It will be a useful resource for academic and industry scientists.

chitosan-grafted-polyacrylamide --- thermo-thickening --- rheological --- dynamic light scattering --- cryo-electron microscope --- chitosan --- sulfated titania --- cross-linking --- polyelectrolyte composite membranes --- gene delivery --- gene overexpression --- gene silencing --- fish biotechnology --- cellulose --- collagen --- biomaterials --- tannins --- lipoic acid --- Quercus robur L. --- multifunctional materials --- multifractal theoretical model --- carboxymethyl chitosan --- molecular weight --- antioxidant properties --- skin moisturizing --- superabsorbent hydrogel --- N-citraconyl-chitosan --- poly(acrylic acid)/poly(methacrylic acid) --- maghemite --- optical --- mercury ion --- surface plasmon resonance --- cellulose nanofibrils --- oregano essential oil --- antimicrobial --- oxygen barrier properties --- hydrophobically modified-chitosan nanoparticle --- protocatechuic acid --- nanobiotechnology --- zinc oxide nanoparticles --- interfacial layer --- dielectric spectroscopy

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This Special Issue on “Polymer Membranes for Gas Separation” of the journal Membranes aims to offer an overview about the different applications and strategies available to improve the separation performances based on the material choice and the process conditions.Various topics have been discussed, including the synthesis and characterization of novel membrane materials, membrane aging, and the impact of process conditions on transport phenomena.

gas separation --- CO2 capture --- mixed-matrix membranes --- aromatic poly(imide)s --- bulky pendant groups --- gas permeability --- structure-property relationship --- polyphenylacetylene --- cis-cisoid conformation --- cis-transoid conformation --- carbamate group --- membrane-forming ability --- solubility --- oxygen permeation membrane --- graphdiyne --- molecular simulation --- membrane separation --- hydrogen purification --- polyimide membrane --- natural gas separation --- pollutant effects --- stability measurements --- facilitated transport --- fixed site carrier membrane --- polyallylamine-polyvinyl alcohol-graphene oxide membrane --- modelling --- carbon capture --- gas permeation --- composite membranes --- CO2/CH4 separation --- water and organic pollutants --- hydrophilic/hydrophobic character --- biogas upgrading --- sustainable energy --- electrochemical hydrogen separation --- electrochemical hydrogen pump --- proton exchange membrane (PEM) --- hydrogen purification/separation --- physical aging --- hyper cross-linked polymer --- 13C spin-lattice relaxation times --- SS-NMR spectroscopy --- n/a

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This book, titled “Nanofiltration Membranes: Recent Advances and Environmental Applications”, aims to assess the recent developments and advances in all the aspects related to nanofiltration (NF) technology and its environmental applications. This book has ten articles, including eight research articles and two reviews. Various topics are discussed, including fabrication of organic and inorganic NF membranes, tailoring NF membranes’ surface properties, the application of NF in side-stream valorization, using NF technology in combination with other membrane technologies such as ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO), wide-range applications of NF for removing organic and inorganic pollutants and viruses, and a detailed sustainability assessment of the use of NF technology via life cycle assessment (LCA).

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Environmental science, engineering & technology --- nanofiltration --- ibuprofen --- adsorption --- enantiomer --- chirality --- removal --- ionic liquids (ILs) --- membranes --- liquid separation --- modifier --- solvent --- colloidal fouling --- membrane patterning --- membrane surface modification --- threshold flux --- thin-film composite membranes --- groundwater --- reclamation --- VOC --- membrane bioreactor (MBR) --- secondary effluent --- ultrafiltration (UF) --- inorganics --- Nanofiltration (NF) --- reverse Osmosis (RO) --- chemical oxygen demand (COD) --- municipal wastewater treatment works (MWWTWs) --- flux --- reuse --- goat cheese whey --- ultrafiltration --- dilution mode --- membrane --- mixed-matrix membranes --- MMMs --- fabrication --- membrane fouling --- nanomaterials --- phase-inversion process --- interfacial polymerization --- electrospinning --- wastewater reuse --- organic matter --- ozonation --- life cycle assessment (LCA) --- hybrid desalination --- multi-stage flash (MSF) --- reverse osmosis (RO) --- nanofiltration (NF) --- drinking water --- virus removal --- MS2 bacteriophage --- fr bacteriophage --- granules --- ceramic filters --- nanofiltration --- ibuprofen --- adsorption --- enantiomer --- chirality --- removal --- ionic liquids (ILs) --- membranes --- liquid separation --- modifier --- solvent --- colloidal fouling --- membrane patterning --- membrane surface modification --- threshold flux --- thin-film composite membranes --- groundwater --- reclamation --- VOC --- membrane bioreactor (MBR) --- secondary effluent --- ultrafiltration (UF) --- inorganics --- Nanofiltration (NF) --- reverse Osmosis (RO) --- chemical oxygen demand (COD) --- municipal wastewater treatment works (MWWTWs) --- flux --- reuse --- goat cheese whey --- ultrafiltration --- dilution mode --- membrane --- mixed-matrix membranes --- MMMs --- fabrication --- membrane fouling --- nanomaterials --- phase-inversion process --- interfacial polymerization --- electrospinning --- wastewater reuse --- organic matter --- ozonation --- life cycle assessment (LCA) --- hybrid desalination --- multi-stage flash (MSF) --- reverse osmosis (RO) --- nanofiltration (NF) --- drinking water --- virus removal --- MS2 bacteriophage --- fr bacteriophage --- granules --- ceramic filters

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The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is an electrochemical energy conversion device, which transforms a fuel such as hydrogen and an oxidant such as oxygen in ambient air into electricity with heat and water byproducts. The device is more efficient than an internal combustion engine because reactants are directly converted into energy through a one-step electrochemical reaction. Fuel cells combined with water electrolyzers, which electrochemically split water into hydrogen and oxygen using renewable energy sources such as solar, mitigate global warming concerns with reduced carbon dioxide emissions. This collection of papers covers recent advancements in fuel cell technology aimed at reducing cost, improving performance, and extending durability, which are perceived as crucial for a successful commercialization. Almost all key materials, as well as their integration into a cell, are discussed: the bus plates that collect the electrical current, the gas diffusion medium that distributes the reactants over catalysts promoting faster reactions, and the membrane separating oxygen and hydrogen gases and closing the electrical circuit by transporting protons. Fuel cell operation below the freezing point of water and with impure reactant streams, which impacts durability, is also discussed.

Technology: general issues --- Chemical engineering --- PEM fuel cell --- membrane electrode assembly (MEA) --- response surface method --- computational fuel cell dynamics --- fuel impurities --- ISO concentration --- ultralow-loaded anode catalyst layer --- platinum electrode --- shut-down and start-up process --- proton exchange membrane fuel cell --- graphene thin film --- current collector --- module --- proton exchange membrane fuel cells --- durability --- contamination --- cathode --- catalyst loading --- performance --- recovery --- nitrogen dioxide --- subzero cold-starts --- automotive --- isothermal water fill tests --- PEMFCs --- asymmetric &amp --- symmetric GDM --- Freudenberg --- SGL 29BC --- dead-ended anode (DEA) mode --- cathode catalyst layer --- I/C ratio --- diffusion limitation --- conductivity limitation --- composite membranes --- electrolyte --- PEM --- fuel cells --- electrolysers --- oxygen reduction --- oxygen evolution --- PEM water electorolyzer --- porous structure --- carbon-free --- catalyst layer --- polymer electrolyte fuel cell --- oxygen transport resistance --- oxygen reduction reaction kinetics --- platinum ionomer interface --- ionomer thin film --- PEM fuel cell --- membrane electrode assembly (MEA) --- response surface method --- computational fuel cell dynamics --- fuel impurities --- ISO concentration --- ultralow-loaded anode catalyst layer --- platinum electrode --- shut-down and start-up process --- proton exchange membrane fuel cell --- graphene thin film --- current collector --- module --- proton exchange membrane fuel cells --- durability --- contamination --- cathode --- catalyst loading --- performance --- recovery --- nitrogen dioxide --- subzero cold-starts --- automotive --- isothermal water fill tests --- PEMFCs --- asymmetric &amp --- symmetric GDM --- Freudenberg --- SGL 29BC --- dead-ended anode (DEA) mode --- cathode catalyst layer --- I/C ratio --- diffusion limitation --- conductivity limitation --- composite membranes --- electrolyte --- PEM --- fuel cells --- electrolysers --- oxygen reduction --- oxygen evolution --- PEM water electorolyzer --- porous structure --- carbon-free --- catalyst layer --- polymer electrolyte fuel cell --- oxygen transport resistance --- oxygen reduction reaction kinetics --- platinum ionomer interface --- ionomer thin film

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This Special Issue on “Polymer Membranes for Gas Separation” of the journal Membranes aims to offer an overview about the different applications and strategies available to improve the separation performances based on the material choice and the process conditions.Various topics have been discussed, including the synthesis and characterization of novel membrane materials, membrane aging, and the impact of process conditions on transport phenomena.

Technology: general issues --- Chemical engineering --- gas separation --- CO2 capture --- mixed-matrix membranes --- aromatic poly(imide)s --- bulky pendant groups --- gas permeability --- structure-property relationship --- polyphenylacetylene --- cis-cisoid conformation --- cis-transoid conformation --- carbamate group --- membrane-forming ability --- solubility --- oxygen permeation membrane --- graphdiyne --- molecular simulation --- membrane separation --- hydrogen purification --- polyimide membrane --- natural gas separation --- pollutant effects --- stability measurements --- facilitated transport --- fixed site carrier membrane --- polyallylamine-polyvinyl alcohol-graphene oxide membrane --- modelling --- carbon capture --- gas permeation --- composite membranes --- CO2/CH4 separation --- water and organic pollutants --- hydrophilic/hydrophobic character --- biogas upgrading --- sustainable energy --- electrochemical hydrogen separation --- electrochemical hydrogen pump --- proton exchange membrane (PEM) --- hydrogen purification/separation --- physical aging --- hyper cross-linked polymer --- 13C spin-lattice relaxation times --- SS-NMR spectroscopy --- n/a