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Computers zijn de meest complexe apparaten die ooit door de mens zijn gemaakt. De mensen die ze programmeren, begrijpen meestal zelf ook niet precies hoe deze apparaten werken. Daarvoor zijn ze gewoon te complex. Intussen lukt het ons wel om ingewikkelde zaken aan de computer uit te besteden. Sommige zaken die we computers laten berekenen, zijn zó complex, dat we niet weten of het apparaat in staat is om een goede uitkomst te genereren. Het is ook niet bekend hoeveel informatie toekomstige computers kunnen verwerken. We weten niet eens wat de grootst mogelijke berekeningen zijn. Wie met complexe vraagstukken werkt, komt voor intrigerende vragen te staan : wat is het grootste getal dat een computer kan genereren ? En hoe zou je dat getal kunnen weergeven ? Bestaan al die complexe mathematische gegevens wel echt ? Of worden we, met de computer, een virtuele wereld van illusies binnengezogen ? (Bron: covertekst)
complexiteit --- berekeningen --- Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general) --- Mathematics --- natuurwetenschappelijk onderzoek --- complexe analyse (wiskunde) --- wiskunde --- .001.5 onderzoek --- 001 wetenschap --- 520.6 --- informatica (ler) --- wiskunde (ler) --- 51 --- Informatica : wiskunde --- Wiskunde --- Complexiteitstheorie --- 510 --- informatica --- mathématiques
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This text provides an intimate, highly readable tour of the sciences of complexity, which seek to explain how large-scale complex, organized, and adaptive behaviour can emerge from simple interactions among myriad individuals.
Complexity (Philosophy) --- Philosophy --- Emergence (Philosophy) --- 51 --- complexiteit --- complexiteitstheorie --- computers --- 681.3*2.13 --- 681.3*F2 --- Computerwetenschap--?*2.13 --- Analysis of algorithms and problem complexity --- Complexité (Philosophie) --- Mathematical statistics --- Philosophy of science --- Complexity (Philosophy).
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Robert Axelrod is widely known for his groundbreaking work in game theory and complexity theory. He is a leader in applying computer modeling to social science problems. His book The Evolution of Cooperation has been hailed as a seminal contribution and has been translated into eight languages since its initial publication. The Complexity of Cooperation is a sequel to that landmark book. It collects seven essays, originally published in a broad range of journals, and adds an extensive new introduction to the collection, along with new prefaces to each essay and a useful new appendix of additional resources. Written in Axelrod's acclaimed, accessible style, this collection serves as an introductory text on complexity theory and computer modeling in the social sciences and as an overview of the current state of the art in the field. The articles move beyond the basic paradigm of the Prisoner's Dilemma to study a rich set of issues, including how to cope with errors in perception or implementation, how norms emerge, and how new political actors and regions of shared culture can develop. They use the shared methodology of agent-based modeling, a powerful technique that specifies the rules of interaction between individuals and uses computer simulation to discover emergent properties of the social system. The Complexity of Cooperation is essential reading for all social scientists who are interested in issues of cooperation and complexity.
Social ethics --- Cooperativeness --- Competition --- Conflict management --- Adaptability (Psychology) --- Adjustment (Psychology) --- Computational complexity --- Social systems --- Coopération (Psychologie) --- Concurrence --- Gestion des conflits --- Adaptation (Psychologie) --- Ajustement (Psychologie) --- Complexité de calcul (Informatique) --- Systèmes sociaux --- Computer simulation. --- Simulation par ordinateur --- Computational Complexity --- Computer simulation --- 172 --- sociologie --- complexiteit --- complexiteitstheorie --- computers --- sociologie en computers --- 301 --- 316 --- 316.324 --- Sociale ethiek --- Sociologie --(algemeen) --- Samenlevingsvormen volgens economische ontwikkeling --- Competition. --- Computational complexity. --- Conflict management. --- Cooperativeness. --- Adaptability (Psychology). --- Adjustment (Psychology). --- 316.324 Samenlevingsvormen volgens economische ontwikkeling --- 316 Sociologie --(algemeen) --- Coopération (Psychologie) --- Complexité de calcul (Informatique) --- Systèmes sociaux --- Sociology --- System theory --- Cooperation (Psychology) --- Social psychology --- Conflict control --- Conflict resolution --- Dispute settlement --- Management of conflict --- Managing conflict --- Management --- Negotiation --- Problem solving --- Social conflict --- Crisis management --- Complexity, Computational --- Electronic data processing --- Machine theory --- Competition (Economics) --- Competitiveness (Economics) --- Economic competition --- Commerce --- Conglomerate corporations --- Covenants not to compete --- Industrial concentration --- Monopolies --- Open price system --- Supply and demand --- Trusts, Industrial --- Accommodation (Psychology) --- Adaptation (Psychology) --- Adapting behavior --- Adaptive behavior --- Coping behavior --- Maladjustment (Psychology) --- Personality --- Psychology --- Flexibility (Psychology) --- Malleability (Psychology) --- Economic aspects --- Social systems - Computer simulation
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