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Are social groups real in any sense that is independent of the thoughts, actions, and beliefs of the individuals making up the group? Using methods of philosophy to examine such longstanding sociological questions, Margaret Gilbert gives a general characterization of the core phenomena at issue in the domain of human social life. After developing detailed analyses of a number of central everyday concepts of social phenomena--including shared action, a social convention, a group's belief, and a group itself--she proposes that the core social phenomena among human beings are "plural subject" phenomena. In her analyses Gilbert discusses the work of such thinkers as Emile Durkheim, Georg Simmel, Max Weber, and David Lewis. "Gilbert's book aims to . exhibit some general and structural features of the conceptual scheme in terms of which we think about social groups, collective action, social convention, and shared belief. [It] offers an important corrective to individualistic thinking in the social sciences."--Michael Root, Philosophical Review "In this rich and rewarding work, Margaret Gilbert provides a novel and detailed account of our everyday concepts of social collectivity. In so doing she makes a seminal contribution to . some vexed issues in the philosophy of social science. [An] intellectually pioneering work."--John D. Greenwood, Social Epistemology

Burge, Tyler. --- Descartes, Rene. --- Douglas, Jack. --- Gauthier, David. --- Gilbert, Margaret. --- Harman, Gilbert. --- Kripke, Saul. --- Lewis, David. --- MacIntyre, A. --- Plato. --- Quinton, Anthony. --- Schiffer, Stephen. --- Taylor, Charles. --- Von Mises, Ludwig. --- Weber, Max. --- anthropology. --- associational obligations. --- coextensive social groups. --- common knowledge. --- economic classes. --- evaluability condition. --- joining a social group. --- mysticism. --- natural necessity. --- norms. --- participant agency. --- politics: elections. --- precedent. --- questioning. --- secrecy situation. --- travelling together.

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Macroeconomics would not be what it is today without Edmund Phelps. This book assembles the field's leading figures to highlight the continuing influence of his ideas from the past four decades. Addressing the most important current debates in macroeconomic theory, it focuses on the rates at which new technologies arise and information about markets is dispersed, information imperfections, and the heterogeneity of beliefs as determinants of an economy's performance. The contributions, which represent a breadth of contemporary theoretical approaches, cover topics including the real effects of monetary disturbances, difficulties in expectations formation, structural factors in unemployment, and sources of technical progress. Based on an October 2001 conference honoring Phelps, this incomparable volume provides the most comprehensive and authoritative account in years of the present state of macroeconomics while also pointing to its future. The fifteen chapters are by the editors and by Daron Acemoglu, Jess Benhabib, Guillermo A. Calvo, Oya Celasun, Michael D. Goldberg, Bruce Greenwald, James J. Heckman, Bart Hobijn, Peter Howitt, Hehui Jin, Charles I. Jones, Michael Kumhof, Mordecai Kurz, David Laibson, Lars Ljungqvist, N. Gregory Mankiw, Dale T. Mortensen, Maurizio Motolese, Stephen Nickell, Luca Nunziata, Wolfgang Ochel, Christopher A. Pissarides, Glenda Quintini, Ricardo Reis, Andrea Repetto, Thomas J. Sargent, Jeremy Tobacman, and Gianluca Violante. Commenting are Olivier J. Blanchard, Jean-Paul Fitoussi, Mark Gertler, Robert E. Hall, Robert E. Lucas, Jr., David H. Papell, Robert A. Pollak, Robert M. Solow, Nancy L. Stokey, and Lars E. O. Svensson. Also included are reflections by Phelps, a preface by Paul A. Samuelson, and the editors' introduction.

Macroeconomics --- Economists --- Congresses --- Phelps, Edmund S. --- 330.101 --- AA / International- internationaal --- 330.00 --- 338.020 --- 330.01 --- 339 --- -Macroeconomics --- -Economics --- Social scientists --- Economische analyse. Economische methodologie. Economische onderzoeksmethoden--(theoretische economie) --- Economische en sociale theorieën: algemeenheden. --- Theorie van de arbeid. --- Theorie van het economisch evenwicht. --- Phelps, E. S. --- -Economische analyse. Economische methodologie. Economische onderzoeksmethoden--(theoretische economie) --- 330.101 Economische analyse. Economische methodologie. Economische onderzoeksmethoden--(theoretische economie) --- -330.101 Economische analyse. Economische methodologie. Economische onderzoeksmethoden--(theoretische economie) --- Economische en sociale theorieën: algemeenheden --- Theorie van het economisch evenwicht --- Theorie van de arbeid --- Makroökonomie. --- Theorie --- Wachstumstheorie --- Theorie der Arbeitslosigkeit --- Rationale Erwartung --- Unvollkommene Information --- Inflationstheorie --- Konjunkturtheorie --- Makroökonomik --- Makroökonomie --- Argentina. --- Baxter-Stockman puzzle. --- Browning, M. --- Canada, investment in. --- Carlstrom, C. --- Dixit-Stiglitz model. --- Drazen, A. --- Finland, unions in. --- Friedman, Milton. --- Internet usage. --- Olson, Mancur. --- accelerationist Phillips curve. --- advertising expenditures. --- anonymity. --- assessment variables. --- average opinion. --- balanced growth path (BGP). --- bankruptcy. --- behavioral economics. --- belief structure. --- channel capacities. --- common knowledge. --- constant-gain algorithm. --- debt puzzle. --- disability benefits. --- disequilibrium. --- efficiency wages. --- electricity. --- entrepreneurial thesis. --- equity premium puzzle. --- excess returns puzzle. --- exponential discount functions. --- financial accelerator. --- geographic mobility. --- habit formation. --- higher-order beliefs. --- hyperbolic time preferences. --- hyperinflation. --- imperfect knowledge. --- incentive wages. --- infinite-regress problem. --- inflation inertia. --- inflation models. --- job satisfactions. --- job-training programs. --- labor market model. --- learning models. --- matching theory. --- microfounded models. --- monetary equilibrium. --- money neutrality. --- natural rate hypothesis. --- neoclassical growth model. --- new classical macroeconomics. --- owner-occupied housing. --- payroll taxes. --- Economists - United States - Congresses --- Macroeconomics - Congresses --- Makroökonomik --- Makroökonomische Theorie --- Wirtschaftstheorie

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The Influencer Industry reveals how, in an increasingly fractured and profit-driven communications environment, the people we think of as “real” are merely those who have learned to exploit the industry’s ever-shifting constructions of authenticity.

Internet personalities --- Social media --- Authenticity (Philosophy) in mass media. --- Mass media --- Authorship --- Influencers (Internet personalities) --- Internet celebrities --- Social media influencers --- Celebrities --- Authorship. --- Influence (Psychology) --- Psychology --- Conformity --- Example --- Persuasion (Psychology) --- Absolute value. --- Activation. --- Afterhyperpolarization. --- Anonymity. --- Association of National Advertisers. --- Beauty. --- Big business. --- Blog. --- Business ethics. --- Business guru. --- Capacitor. --- Cations, Divalent. --- Chlorine. --- Circular orbit. --- Commodification. --- Common knowledge. --- Community leader. --- Company. --- Conformational change. --- Conjunction (astronomy). --- Constant term. --- Cyberspace. --- Dark matter. --- Dedoose. --- Direct marketing. --- Economic power. --- Electronic circuit. --- Elementary particle. --- Email. --- Employment. --- Estimation. --- Eva Chen. --- Facebook. --- Finance. --- Freelancers Union. --- Gmax. --- Google News. --- Hair care. --- Harvard Business School. --- Immigration. --- Industry. --- Influencer marketing. --- Information source. --- Insider. --- Instagram. --- InterViews. --- Jet Ski. --- Kamala Harris. --- Klout. --- Likert scale. --- Marketing plan. --- Marketing. --- Medium theory. --- Membrane potential. --- Mobile media. --- Nernst equation. --- New product development. --- Numerical analysis. --- Oppression. --- Optimism. --- Paul Lazarsfeld. --- Pension. --- Personality. --- Perversion. --- Pew Research Center. --- Phase lag (rotorcraft). --- Physical chemistry. --- Plus-size model. --- Politician. --- Precarity. --- Promoter (entertainment). --- Proprietary software. --- Public interest. --- Publicity stunt. --- Qualitative research. --- Quid Pro Quo. --- Raw material. --- Receptionist. --- Revenue model. --- Résumé. --- SAG-AFTRA. --- Self-brand. --- Sextus Empiricus. --- Shit. --- Social actions. --- Solar mass. --- Sponsor (commercial). --- Terminology. --- Three-body problem. --- Tidal force. --- Trade association. --- Trajectory. --- Transducer. --- Trove. --- Twitter. --- Understanding. --- Volt. --- Voltage divider. --- Voltage source. --- Webcam.

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In recent years serious attempts have been made to systematize and develop the moral and political themes of great philosophers of the past. Kant, Locke, Marx, and the classical utilitarians all have their current defenders and arc taken seriously as expositors of sound moral and political views. It is the aim of this book to introduce Hobbes into this select group by presenting a plausible moral and political theory inspired by Leviathan. Using the techniques of analytic philosophy and elementary game theory, the author develops a Hobbesian argument that justifies the liberal State and reconciles the rights and interests of rational individuals with their obligations.Hobbes's case against anarchy, based on his notorious claim that life outside the political State would be a "war of all against all," is analyzed in detail, while his endorsement of the absolutist State is traced to certain false hypotheses about political sociology. With these eliminated, Hobbes's principles support a liberal redistributive (or "satisfactory") State and a limited right of revolution. Turning to normative issues, the book explains Hobbes's account of morality based on enlightened self-interest and shows how the Hobbesian version of social contract theory justifies the political obligations of citizens of satisfactory States.

Hobbes, Thomas --- Contributions in political science --- Ethics --- -Hobbes, Thomas --- -Contributions in political science --- Hobbes, Thomas, --- PHILOSOPHY / Political --- Philosophie politique. --- Science politique. --- Teoria politica. --- Filosofia moderna. --- Hobbes, thomas. --- Ethiek. --- Politieke filosofie. --- Pensee politique et sociale. --- Political science. --- Leviathan (Hobbes, Thomas) --- Brennan, Geoffry. --- Buchanan, James. --- Egoism. --- Frankena, William. --- Hoffman, Martin. --- Marx, Karl. --- Plato. --- absolutism. --- altruism. --- argument against anarchy. --- authorization. --- beliefs, higher-order. --- civil war. --- common knowledge. --- commonwealth. --- consequentialism. --- contracts. --- covenants. --- defense groups. --- dominators. --- empirical assumptions. --- enforcement of agreements. --- facts and values. --- fairness. --- freedom of expression. --- future generations. --- geometric method. --- good and evil. --- gratitude. --- group selection. --- guaranteed economic minimum. --- human nature. --- ideals. --- incentives to work. --- independents. --- internal attitude. --- kin selection. --- libertarianism. --- might makes right. --- mutual expectations. --- oppressed minorities. --- peace. --- practical rationality. --- public goods. --- redistribution. --- reputation. --- right reason. --- scarcity of resources. --- selfishness. --- speech acts. --- tacit will. --- unanimity. --- Hobbes's Leviathan (Hobbes, Thomas) --- Hobbes, Thomas, - 1588-1679 - Contributions in political science --- Hobbes, Thomas, - 1588-1679 - Ethics --- Hobbes, Thomas, - 1588-1679 --- Contribution à la science politique --- Politique --- Politique, Science --- Politologie --- Sciences politiques --- Statologie --- Aspect politique --- Bible et politique --- Épistémologie de la science politique --- État --- Femmes et politique --- Philosophie politique --- Politique et culture --- Politique et gouvernement --- Politologues --- Administration publique --- Allégeance --- Communication en politique --- Contrat social --- Crises politiques --- Décision politique --- Décolonialité --- Délégation des pouvoirs (science politique) --- Développement politique --- Dimension des communes --- Dimension des États --- Alternance politique --- Droite (science politique) --- Espace politique --- Espace public (science politique) --- Factions politiques --- Gauche (science politique) --- Géographie politique --- Géopolitique --- Gérontocratie --- Gouvernement (science politique) --- Hégémonie --- Anthropologie politique --- Idées politiques --- Institutions politiques --- Intérêt général --- Justice --- Obligation politique --- Opinion publique --- Opposition (science politique) --- Partis politiques --- Populisme --- Postcolonialisme --- Assimilation politique --- Pouvoir (sciences sociales) --- Pratiques politiques --- Psychologie politique --- Réaction (science politique) --- Régimes politiques --- Relations gouvernement central-collectivités locales --- Relations internationales --- Religion et politique --- Représentation politique --- Résistance politique --- Autonomie --- Restaurations (politique) --- Science politique --- Séparation des pouvoirs --- Société civile --- Sociologie politique --- Souveraineté --- Symbolisme en politique --- Système électoral --- Techniques de décision en politique --- Biopolitique --- Violence politique --- Volonté générale --- Centre (science politique) --- Citoyenneté --- Clivages (science politique) --- Sciences sociales --- Contribution à la philosophie politique --- Philosophie de la politique --- Philosophie et politique --- Politique et philosophie --- Droit --- Philosophie sociale --- Aliénation (philosophie) --- Autorité --- Émancipation --- Guerre --- Humanitarisme --- Idéologie --- Individualisme --- Institution (philosophie) --- Justice (philosophie) --- Libéralisme (philosophie) --- Liberté --- Bon sauvage (philosophie) --- Morale politique --- Obéissance --- Ochlocratie --- Philosophie de la paix --- Philosophes-rois --- Pouvoir (philosophie) --- Révolte --- Révolutions --- Sociocratie --- Solidarisme --- Communautarisme --- Théorie du care --- Tolérance --- Totalitarisme --- Tradition (philosophie) --- Universalisme (philosophie) --- Utopies --- Communauté --- Concorde --- Convivialisme --- Domination --- Égalité --- Philosophie --- Études comparatives --- Méthode comparative