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Alors que le rôle du Parlement européen était réduit à peau de chagrin en matière de politique commerciale commune pendant les cinquante premières années de l'histoire communautaire, l'assemblée est entrée d'un coup dans le processus décisionnel européen avec le traité de Lisbonne. Ce document vise à appréhender les conséquences des modifications du droit primaire, et principalement celles liées au renforcement du rôle du Parlement, face à la réalité quotidienne des relations interinstitutionnelles et des décisions de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne.

Parlement européen --- politique commerciale commune --- relations interinstitutionnelles --- processus décisionnel européen --- Union européenne --- common commercial policy --- INTA --- European Parliament --- European Union --- Droit, criminologie & sciences politiques > Sciences politiques, administration publique & relations internationales

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"Anti-dumping and anti-subsidy measures are the most important elements of the European Union's trade defence instruments. Since the beginning of the European integration process, they have been used to combat trade practices which are considered 'unfair' and their distortive effects on competition in the internal market. However, while the imposition of trade defence measures aims to level the playing field between EU producers and their foreign competitors, it also produces negative effects on competition itself.Based on the role attributed to competition and trade defence policy respectively throughout the European integration process, this book argues that the trading bloc's trade defence instruments should not be designed or applied with the objective of granting maximum protection to EU producers, but that their use should be limited to what is necessary to ensure fairness in competition between EU producers and exporting producers.However, an analysis of the changes made to the European Union's Basic Anti-Dumping Regulation and the Basic Anti-Subsidy Regulation by the Trade Defence Modernisation Package reveals that several aspects of the European Union's modernised trade defence instruments do not meet this requirement. Rather than being limited to offsetting the unfair competitive advantages of producers practicing dumping or benefiting from subsidies, the reformed provisions go beyond this, distorting competition in favour of the EU industry instead. Furthermore, the book critically assesses the reformed rules relating to the integration of social and environmental aspects in the imposition of anti-dumping or anti-subsidy measures as well as the modernised basic regulations' compatibility with WTO law."--Publisher.

Commentaires --- Lutte antidumping --- UE/CE Droit --- Droit de la concurrence --- Organisation mondiale du commerce --- Subventions à l'exportation --- Jurisprudence --- EU law --- World Trade Organisation --- anti-dumping legislation --- competition law --- export subsidy --- subvenção à exportação --- izvedsubsīdija --- ekspordisoodustus --- exportsubvention --- επιδότηση εξαγωγών --- sussidju tal-esportazzjoni --- subvention à l'exportation --- fóirdheontas onnmhairiúcháin --- izvozna spodbuda --- sovvenzione all'esportazione --- subvenție de export --- експортни субсидии --- vývozná dotácia --- Ausfuhrsubvention --- vývozní dotace --- извозна субвенција --- eksportsubsidier --- eksporto subsidija --- exportsubsidie --- izvozna subvencija --- subwencja eksportowa --- exportszubvenció --- subvencion eksporti --- vientituki --- subvención a la exportación --- ekspordisubsiidium --- eksportbidrag --- субвенционирање на извозот --- export szubvencionálása --- извозна премија --- eksporta subsīdijas --- субвенции за извоз на производи --- eksportpræmie --- eksportsubvention --- kivitel szubvencionálása --- konkurrensrätt --- id-dritt tal-kompetizzjoni --- δίκαιο του ανταγωνισμού --- konkurencijos įstatymas --- kilpailuoikeus --- direito da concorrência --- konkurences likums --- dreptul concurenței --- droit de la concurrence --- prawo konkurencji --- право на конкуренција --- конкурентно право --- versenyjog --- pravo tržišnoga natjecanja --- konkurrenceret --- Wettbewerbsrecht --- ligji i konkurrencës --- soutěžní právo --- norme giuridiche sulla concorrenza --- dlí na hiomaíochta --- concurrentierecht --- право конкуренције --- Derecho de la competencia --- súťažné právo --- konkurenčno pravo --- konkurentsiõigus --- regole di concorrenza --- konkurrenceregulering --- pravo konkurencije --- legislație privind concurența --- közösségi versenyjog --- правила за конкуренција на Заедницата --- soutěžní legislativa --- konkurencijos nuostatai --- konkurences tiesības --- regulamentação da concorrência --- κανόνες ανταγωνισμού --- прописи против нелојалната конкуренција --- soutěžní předpisy --- Wettbewerbsregel --- kilpailusäännökset --- közösségi versenyjog rendelkezései --- konkurencijos reglamentai --- konkurrenceregler --- Wettbewerbsordnung --- заедничко право за конкуренција --- Wettbewerbsgesetzgebung --- Wettbewerbsvorschrift --- reglamentación de la competencia --- konkurentsisätted --- konkurenční právo --- заштита на конкуренција --- versenyszabályok --- konkurrensbestämmelser --- konkurences noteikumi --- norme sulla concorrenza --- súťažné predpisy --- concurrentieregeling --- propisi o tržišnom natjecanju --- konkurrencebestemmelser --- procedura in materia di concorrenza --- zákon o ochraně hospodářské soutěže --- réglementation de la concurrence --- versenyjogi szabályok --- competition regulations --- правила на Заедницата за конкуренција --- közösségi versenyjog szabályai --- concurrentievoorschriften --- regolamentazione della concorrenza --- rregulla të konkurrencës --- Wettbewerbsrecht der Gemeinschaft --- legislație antidumping --- leġiżlazzjoni anti-dumping --- antidempingo įstatymai --- legislazione antidumping --- legislación antidumping --- reachtaíocht frithdhumpála --- antidempinga tiesību akti --- polkumyyntilainsäädäntö --- protidampinška zakonodaja --- legjislacioni antidumping --- législation antidumping --- antidumpinglovgivning --- protidumpingová legislativa --- antidumpningslagstiftning --- antidumpingwetgeving --- νομοθεσία αντιντάμπινγκ --- ustawodawstwo antydumpingowe --- антидъмпингово законодателство --- antidumpingová legislatíva --- Antidumpinggesetzgebung --- dumpinguvastane seadusandlus --- законодавство за антидампинг --- protudampinško zakonodavstvo --- dömpingellenes jogszabályok --- legislação antidumping --- антидампиншко законодавство --- dumpinguvastane koodeks --- anti-dumping code --- lutte antidumping --- κώδικας αντιντάμπινγκ --- queixa antidumping --- καταγγελίες αντιντάμπινγκ --- antidumpningskod --- antidumpingové konanie --- code antidumping --- antidumping --- dömpingellenes eljárás --- polkumyyntimenettely --- διαδικασία αντιντάμπινγκ --- antidampinško zakonodavstvo --- bestrijding van dumping --- Antidumpingverordnung --- dömpingellenes kódex --- ricorso antidumping --- antidempingo kodeksas --- antidempinga kodekss --- antidumpning --- καταπολέμηση του ντάμπινγκ --- antidumpingprocedure --- polkumyyntisäännöt --- procedimento antidumping --- anti-dumping proceeding --- processo antidumping --- antidumpingvoorschriften --- lotta antidumping --- procedură antidumping --- antidumpningsförfarande --- procedimiento antidumping --- antidempingo procedūra --- dumpinguvastane menetlus --- antidempinga procedūra --- kodi antidamping --- antidumpingkodex --- Antidumping --- antidumpingový zákon --- código antidumping --- reclamo antidumping --- bekæmpelse af dumping --- luta antidumping --- codice antidumping --- antidumpingové opatření --- lucha antidumping --- kamp mot dumpning --- antidampinški postupak --- antidumpningsprocedur --- procédure antidumping --- procedura antidamping --- anti-dumpingwetgeving --- Antidumpingverfahren --- antidumpingový zákonník --- legislação anti-dumping --- Παγκόσμιος Οργανισμός Εμπορίου --- Wereldhandelsorganisatie --- Welthandelsorganisation --- Organizația Mondială a Comerțului --- Maailma Kaubandusorganisatsioon --- Organizata Botërore e Tregëtisë --- Organizzazione mondiale del commercio --- Światowa Organizacja Handlu --- Светска трговинска организација --- Organización Mundial del Comercio --- Kereskedelmi Világszervezet --- Pasaulio prekybos organizacija --- Verdenshandelsorganisationen --- Světová obchodní organizace --- Svjetska trgovinska organizacija --- Eagraíocht Dhomhanda Trádála --- Световна търговска организация --- Organização Mundial do Comércio --- Pasaules Tirdzniecības organizācija --- l-OrganizzazzjoniDinjija tal-Kummerċ --- Светска трговска организација --- Världshandelsorganisationen --- Maailman kauppajärjestö --- Svetová obchodná organizácia --- Svetovna trgovinska organizacija --- EDT --- STO --- OBT --- PTO (starptautiskā tirdzniecība) --- СТО --- WTO (l-Organizzazzjoni Dinjija tal-Kummerċ) --- Wereld-handelsorganisatie --- OMC --- Světová organizace obchodu --- World Trade Organization --- WTO --- PPO --- ΠΟΕ --- pravo EU-a --- ES tiesības --- право ЕУ --- pravo EU --- prawo unijne --- EU-ret --- δίκαιο της ΕΕ --- právo EU --- diritto dell'UE --- e drejta e BE-së --- uniós jog --- Derecho de la UE --- unionin oikeus --- droit de l'UE --- EU-Recht --- EU-recht --- ES teisė --- právo EÚ --- legislația UE --- direito da UE --- право на ЕУ --- EU-rätt --- ELi õigus --- liġi tal-UE --- право на ЕС --- pravo Europske unije --- právo Spoločenstva --- normativa comunitaria --- drept comunitar --- diritto europeo --- e drejtë e Bashkimit Europian --- droit de l'Union européenne --- право на Европската заедница --- κοινοτικό δίκαιο --- droit européen --- evropské právo --- réglementation communautaire --- EG-förordningar --- pravo Evropske unije --- direito da União Europeia --- Europos Sąjungos teisė --- uniós jogszabályok --- Euroopa Liidu õigus --- Kopienas noteikumi --- europeisk rätt --- communautaire wetgeving --- Community law --- drept european --- Eurooppa-oikeus --- δίκαιο της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης --- nariadenia Spoločenstva --- legislația Uniunii Europene --- právo Evropské unie --- reglementări comunitare --- Euroopa Ühenduse õigus --- regulamentação comunitária --- prawo Unii Europejskiej --- közösségi jogszabályok --- Community regulations --- fællesskabsbestemmelser --- ευρωπαϊκό Δίκαιο --- právo ES --- European Union law --- Derecho comunitario --- európai uniós jogszabályok --- liġi tal-Unjoni Ewropea --- communautair recht --- yhteisön asetukset --- közösségi rendeletek --- gemenskapsrätt --- az Európai Unió joga --- Derecho europeo --- регулативи на Заедницата --- europsko pravo --- droit communautaire --- direito comunitário --- európai jog --- diritto comunitario --- legislazione comunitaria --- право на ЕЗ --- recht van de Europese Unie --- fællesskabsregler --- Europäisches Recht --- Recht der Europäischen Union --- Bendrijos teisė --- közösségi jog --- EU-jog --- Eiropas Savienības tiesības --- právo Unie --- Derecho de la Unión Europea --- Euroopan unionin oikeus --- право Заједнице --- Gesetzgebung der Gemeinschaft --- EF-ret --- pravo Zajednice --- prawo wspólnotowe --- yhteisön oikeus --- fællesskabsret --- norme comunitarie --- право на Европските заедници --- EG-rätt --- Europees recht --- communautaire voorschriften --- direito europeu --- европско право --- právo Európskej únie --- Право на Общността --- disposizioni comunitarie --- κοινοτική νομοθεσία --- reglamentación comunitaria --- Gemeinschaftsrecht --- право на Европейския съюз --- komunitární právo --- az EU joga --- Kopienas tiesības --- Bendrijos reglamentai --- regolamentazione comunitaria --- európske právo --- communautaire rechtsorde --- legislativa EU --- European law --- право на Европската Унија --- pravo Skupnosti --- Euroopa õigus --- EU:n oikeus --- ühenduse õigus --- diritto dell'Unione europea --- право Уније --- EG-recht --- pravni propisi Europske unije --- Europos teisė --- An Eagraíocht Dhomhanda Trádála --- dlí an Aontais Eorpaigh --- Welthandel --- Handelsrecht --- Europäische Union --- Privatrecht --- Internationaler Handel --- Handel --- European Union --- Unión Europea --- Union européenne --- Europaeiske Union --- Union Europea --- Eurōpaïke Enōsē --- Unione Europea --- Europese Unie --- União Europeia --- Aontas Eorpach --- Europska Unija --- Unia Europejska --- Europos Sa̜junga --- ES --- Eiropas Savienība --- Unió Europea --- Evropská Unie --- Avrupa Birliği --- Evropejskoe Soobščestvo --- Európai Unió --- Uniunea Europeană --- EU --- EM --- Brüssel --- Straßburg --- Europäische Gemeinschaften --- 01.11.1993 --- -Welthandel --- -Trade regulation --- Trade regulation --- international trade law. --- competition law. --- common commercial policy. --- trade restriction. --- EU law. --- restriction on competition. --- World Trade Organisation. --- UE/CE Union européenne --- European Union. --- thesis. --- teżi --- avhandling --- διατριβή --- Hochschulschrift --- väitöskirja --- kandidátská práce --- tese --- disertacija --- proefschrift --- afhandling --- tráchtas --- дисертация --- dysertacja --- tesi --- teză --- tesis --- szakdolgozat --- temë shkencore --- diplomska naloga --- diplomski (magistarski, doktorski) rad --- väitekiri --- kandidátska práca --- теза --- дисертација --- thèse --- tēze --- értekezés --- dissertation --- дипломска работа --- disertační práce --- disertace --- докторска дисертација --- магистерска теза --- diplomamunka --- Habilitationsschrift --- teza --- diplomová práce --- magisterij --- doktorská práce --- disszertáció --- rigorózní práce --- Dissertation --- doktorsavhandling --- doktori értekezés --- disputats --- habilitační práce --- doktorat --- Doktorarbeit --- Europska unija --- Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση --- Európska únia --- Europos Sąjunga --- Evropská unie --- Европска унија --- Unjoni Ewropea --- Европейски съюз --- Europeiska unionen --- Euroopan unioni --- Evropska unija --- Unione europea --- Den Europæiske Union --- Европска Унија --- Euroopa Liit --- Bashkimi Europian --- Sąjungos institucija --- Sąjungos teisė --- právo Únie --- νόμος της Ένωσης --- Savienības tiesības --- wet van de Unie --- legge dell'Unione --- Europæisk Union --- unionslagstiftning --- atto dell'Unione --- AE --- loi de l'Union --- e drejta e Bashkimit --- ЕУ --- lege a Uniunii Europene --- Union law --- ограничување на конкуренцијата --- konkurencijos ribojimas --- srian ar iomaíocht --- ograničavanje tržišnoga natjecanja --- concurrentiebeperking --- omezování soutěže --- restrizzjoni tal-kompetizzjoni --- Wettbewerbsbeschränkung --- ograniczenia konkurencji --- restricción de la competencia --- konkurences ierobežojums --- restrizione alla concorrenza --- restricționarea concurenței --- omejevanje konkurence --- konkurrensbegränsning --- ограничавање конкуренције --- restriction à la concurrence --- ограничение на конкуренцията --- kilpailun rajoittaminen --- restrição de concorrência --- kufizim mbi konkurrencën --- περιορισμός του ανταγωνισμού --- konkurentsi piiramine --- obmedzenie hospodárskej súťaže --- konkurrencebegrænsning --- versenykorlátozás --- nekalé obchodní praktiky --- nem megengedett kereskedelmi gyakorlat --- practică comercială ilegală --- unerlaubter Wettbewerb --- discriminatory trading practice --- verfälschter Wettbewerb --- práctica comercial restrictiva --- konkurentsi kahjustamine --- νοθευμένος ανταγωνισμός --- concorrenza falsata --- restrizione alla libertà di concorrenza --- unlauterer Wettbewerb --- restrictieve handelspraktijk --- competencia imperfecta --- pratica commerciale restrittiva --- shtrembërim i konkurrencës --- concorrenza illecita --- pratica commerciale limitativa --- illegális kereskedelmi magatartás --- prática comercial restritiva --- pratica commerciale abusiva --- concurrentievervalsing --- denaturarea concurenței --- restrizione di concorrenza --- práctica comercial abusiva --- concorrenza imperfetta --- pratique commerciale discriminatoire --- diskriminacinė prekybos praktika --- illojal konkurrens --- nesąžininga konkurencija --- στρέβλωση του ανταγωνισμού --- tiltott versenymagatartás --- pratique commerciale abusive --- laittomat kaupankäyntitavat --- comportamento anticoncorrenziale --- αθέμιτος ανταγωνισμός --- oneerlijke concurrentie --- forvansket konkurrence --- konkurrenceforvridning --- καταχρηστική εμπορική πρακτική --- zkreslení soutěže --- práctica comercial discriminadora --- seadusevastane kaubandustegevus --- negodīga tirdzniecības prakse --- concorrência ilícita --- konkurentsi moonutamine --- ongeoorloofde concurrentie --- syrjivä kaupankäynti --- αθέμιτη εμπορική πρακτική --- falsa concorrência --- ebaaus konkurents --- illoyal konkurrence --- narušenie hospodárskej súťaže --- wettbewerbswidrige Praktiken --- práctica comercial desleal --- ατελής ανταγωνισμός --- concorrência imperfeita --- unfair trade practice --- distorsión de la competencia --- concurrence imparfaite --- distorsione della concorrenza --- prática comercial discriminatória --- practică comercială discriminatorie --- konkurencijos apribojimas --- jogellenes kereskedelmi gyakorlat --- konkurrencë e padrejtë --- ufuldkommen konkurrence --- konkurencijos iškreipimas --- concurență neloială --- onvolkomen concurrentie --- konkurences traucējumi --- nelojalna konkurencija --- illegal trade practice --- concurrence illicite --- nezákonné obchodní praktiky --- дискриминаторна деловна практика --- praktikë tregtare diskriminuese --- kõlvatu konkurents --- nekalá soutěž --- prática comercial abusiva --- diskriminējoša tirdzniecības prakse --- distorsione artificiale della concorrenza --- diszkriminatív kereskedelmi gyakorlat --- нарушена конкуренција --- nesąžininga prekybos praktika --- missbräuchliche Handelspraktiken --- discriminerende handelspraktijk --- ograničavanje konkurencije --- pratique commerciale déloyale --- uretmæssig konkurrence --- diskriminierende Handelspraktiken --- Wettbewerbsverzerrung --- competencia desleal --- distortion of competition --- a versenyhelyzet torzulása --- neteisėta prekybos praktika --- nelikumīga tirdzniecības prakse --- concorrência desleal --- verseny torzulása --- otillbörligt handelsbruk --- pratica commerciale sleale --- competencia ilícita --- prática comercial desleal --- megkülönböztető kereskedelmi gyakorlat --- onzuivere concurrentie --- konkurrenssnedvridning --- ebaõiglane kaubandustegevus --- εμπορική πρακτική που εισάγει διακρίσεις --- oneerlijke handelspraktijk --- wederrechtelijke handelspraktijk --- vilpilliset kaupankäyntitavat --- нарушување на конкуренцијата --- konkurrencemisbrug --- concorrenza distorta --- unfair competition --- practică comercială neloială --- otillåtna affärsmetoder --- praktikë e padrejtë e tregtisë --- konkurences ierobežošana --- nekalá súťaž --- vilpillinen kilpailu --- concurrence déloyale --- concorrenza sleale --- unvollkommene Konkurrenz --- fordrejet konkurrence --- nekalé obchodné postupy --- praktikë e paligjshme e tregtisë --- несовршена конкуренција --- imperfekt konkurrence --- negodīga konkurence --- distorção de concorrência --- περιοριστική εμπορική πρακτική --- restriktive Handelspraktiken --- diskrimineeriv kaubandustegevus --- competencia falseada --- unvollkommener Wettbewerb --- нечесна трговија --- diskriminační obchodní praktiky --- nezákonné obchodné postupy --- tisztességtelen kereskedelmi magatartás --- unlautere Handelspraktiken --- pratique commerciale restrictive --- distorsion de la concurrence --- kilpailun vääristyminen --- ofullständig konkurrens --- diskriminačný obchodný postup --- olovlig konkurrens --- pratica commerciale discriminatoria --- nepošteno tržišno natjecanje --- търговско ограничение --- kaupan rajoitukset --- beperkingen in het handelsverkeer --- restrizzjoni kummerċjali --- restriction aux échanges --- trgovinska omejitev --- ograniczenia handlu --- restrizione agli scambi --- Handelsbeschränkung --- ограничување на трговијата --- restrição ao comércio --- restricción de los intercambios --- handelsrestriktion --- restricții comerciale --- obchodní omezení --- tirdzniecības ierobežojumi --- handelsrestriktioner --- περιορισμοί στο εμπόριο --- obmedzenie obchodu --- kufizim mbi tregtimin --- kaubanduse piiramine --- ограничење трговине --- kereskedelmi korlátozás --- trgovinsko ograničenje --- prekybos ribojimas --- srian trádála --- barriera commerciale --- barreira comercial --- barrera comercial --- kaupan esteet --- obstacle to trade --- εμπόδιο στις συναλλαγές --- markedsopdeling --- trgovinska barijera --- restriktiv handelspolitik --- belemmering van het handelsverkeer --- afsluiting van de markt --- Handelsschranke --- Handelshemmnis --- kereskedelmi akadály --- kaubandustakistus --- restriction on trade --- hindernis voor het handelsverkeer --- barrierë tregtare --- handelsbarriere --- obchodná reštrikcia --- трговско ограничување --- restricție comercială --- prekybos kliūtis --- prekážka obchodu --- pengesë për tregtinë --- limitazione degli scambi --- obstacle aux échanges --- entrave aux échanges --- obchodní restrikce --- εμπορικός φραγμός --- obchodná bariéra --- trade defence --- затворање на пазарот --- handelshindring --- пречка за трговијата --- barieră comercială --- obstáculo comercial --- settorializzazione del mercato --- barrière commerciale --- handelsbelemmering --- obstáculo às trocas --- entrave às trocas --- překážka obchodu --- kaubandustõke --- omezení obchodu --- kufizim mbi tregtinë --- trade barrier --- kaubanduspiirang --- ostacolo agli scambi --- obchodní bariéra --- tirdzniecības šķēršļi --- трговска бариера --- kopēja tirdzniecības politika --- közös kereskedelempolitika --- politika kummerċjali komuni --- politica commerciale comune --- política comercial comum --- spoločná obchodná politika --- заједничка трговинска политика --- gemeenschappelijk handelsbeleid --- politique commerciale commune --- gemeinsame Handelspolitik --- politika e përbashkët tregtare --- yhteinen kauppapolitiikka --- fælles handelspolitik --- ühine kaubanduspoliitika --- společná obchodní politika --- wspólna polityka handlowa --- заедничка трговска политика --- skupna trgovinska politika --- zajednička trgovinska politika --- politică comercială comună --- política comercial común --- bendroji prekybos politika --- κοινή εμπορική πολιτική --- comhbheartas tráchtála --- обща търговска политика --- gemensam handelspolitik --- obchodná politika EÚ --- trgovinska politika EU --- EU:n kauppapolitiikka --- política comercial da UE --- política comercial de la UE --- ES prekybos politika --- EU trade policy --- търговска политика на ЕС --- politika kummerċjali tal-UE --- polityka handlowa UE --- política comercial de la Unión --- uniós kereskedelempolitika --- trgovinska politika EU-a --- EU-handelsbeleid --- EU-Handelspolitik --- politique commerciale de l’UE --- EU's handelspolitik --- ELi kaubanduspoliitika --- ES tirdzniecības politika --- politica commerciale dell'UE --- handelsbeleid van de EU --- politica comercială a UE --- obchodní politika EU --- EU:s handelspolitik --- gemeenschappelijke handelspolitiek --- εμπορική πολιτική της ΕΕ --- dlí trádála idirnáisiúnta --- dritt kummerċjali internazzjonali --- internationales Handelsrecht --- drept comercial internațional --- Derecho comercial internacional --- kansainvälinen kauppaoikeus --- tarptautinė prekybos teisė --- e drejtë ndërkombëtare tregtare --- nemzetközi kereskedelmi jog --- international handelsret --- mednarodno trgovinsko pravo --- международно търговско право --- droit commercial international --- międzynarodowe prawo handlowe --- међународно трговинско право --- internationaal handelsrecht --- diritto commerciale internazionale --- διεθνές εμπορικό δίκαιο --- medzinárodné obchodné právo --- internationell handelsrätt --- direito comercial internacional --- međunarodno trgovačko pravo --- меѓународно трговско право --- rahvusvaheline kaubandusõigus --- mezinárodní obchodní právo --- starptautiskās tirdzniecības tiesības --- mezinárodní obchodní zákony --- an tAontas Eorpach