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In recent years, typhoons have struck the Philippines and Vanuatu; earthquakes have rocked Haiti, Pakistan, and Nepal; floods have swept through Pakistan and Mozambique; droughts have hit Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia; and more. All led to loss of life and loss of livelihoods, and recovery will take years. One of the likely effects of climate change is to increase the likelihood of the type of extreme weather events that seems to cause these disasters. But do extreme events have to turn into disasters with huge loss of life and suffering? 'Dull Disasters?' harnesses lessons from finance, political science, economics, psychology, and the natural sciences to show how countries and their partners can be far better prepared to deal with disasters.
Emergency management. --- Crisis management. --- Organizational resilience. --- Disaster victims. --- Victims of disasters --- Resilience of organizations --- Crises --- Management of crises --- Consequence management (Emergency management) --- Disaster planning --- Disaster preparedness --- Disaster prevention --- Disaster relief --- Disasters --- Emergencies --- Emergency planning --- Emergency preparedness --- Management --- Planning --- Preparedness --- Prevention --- Victims --- Organizational change --- Problem solving --- Conflict management --- Public safety --- First responders --- Emergency management --- extreme event --- time inconsistency --- natural disaster --- disaster risk finance --- pandemic --- planning --- behavioural psychology --- commitment device --- politics of disaster relief --- Decision-making --- Insurance --- Reinsurance --- Risk management
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At the heart of human intelligence rests a fundamental puzzle: How are we incredibly smart and stupid at the same time? No existing machine can match the power and flexibility of human perception, language, and reasoning. Yet, we routinely commit errors that reveal the failures of our thought processes. 'What Makes Us Smart' makes sense of this paradox by arguing that our cognitive errors are not haphazard. Rather, they are the inevitable consequences of a brain optimized for efficient inference and decision making within the constraints of time, energy, and memory - in other words, data and resource limitations. Framing human intelligence in terms of these constraints, Samuel Gershman shows how a deeper computational logic underpins the 'stupid' errors of human cognition.
Cognition --- Cognitive psychology. --- Age factors. --- Psychology, Cognitive --- Cognitive science --- Psychology --- Age factors in cognition --- Ability, Influence of age on --- Cognition. --- Intellect. --- Human intelligence --- Intelligence --- Mind --- Ability --- Thought and thinking --- Accuracy and precision. --- Action potential. --- Ad hoc hypothesis. --- Ad hominem. --- Adaptive bias. --- Almost surely. --- Alternative hypothesis. --- Altruism. --- Ambiguity. --- Analogy. --- Anecdote. --- Approximation. --- Attractiveness. --- Bayes' theorem. --- Bayesian inference. --- Bayesian probability. --- Bayesian. --- Behavior. --- Circular reasoning. --- Cognitive flexibility. --- Cognitive style. --- Commitment device. --- Confidence. --- Confirmation bias. --- Conspiracy theory. --- Controllability. --- Counterintuitive. --- Credibility. --- Decision-making. --- Effectiveness. --- Efficacy. --- Efficiency. --- Efficient coding hypothesis. --- Efficient frontier. --- Estimation. --- Expected value. --- Explanation. --- Fair coin. --- Fair market value. --- Gimmick. --- Guessing. --- Heuristic. --- Hot Hand. --- Human intelligence. --- Hypothesis. --- Illusion of control. --- Inductive bias. --- Inference. --- Intelligent design. --- Learnability. --- Lightness (philosophy). --- Likelihood function. --- Logical extreme. --- Logical reasoning. --- Moral hazard. --- Motivated reasoning. --- Mutual exclusivity. --- Natural approach. --- Normative. --- Observation. --- Observational learning. --- Of Miracles. --- Opportunity cost. --- Optimism bias. --- Optimism. --- Our Choice. --- Pairwise comparison. --- Perfect rationality. --- Physical attractiveness. --- Point estimation. --- Politeness. --- Positive feedback. --- Predictability. --- Prediction. --- Predictive coding. --- Predictive power. --- Principle of rationality. --- Prior probability. --- Probability. --- Prosocial behavior. --- Quantity. --- Rational agent. --- Rational choice theory. --- Rationality. --- Reason. --- Reinforcement learning. --- Result. --- Self-control. --- Sophistication. --- Spontaneous recovery. --- Strong inference. --- Suggestion. --- Theory. --- Thought. --- Truth value. --- Uncertainty. --- Utility. --- Value of information. --- With high probability. --- PSYCHOLOGY / Cognitive Psychology & Cognition --- COMPUTERS / Logic Design
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