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This Special Issue of Cancers focuses on new advances in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma, both surgical and pharmacological (and combinations of these), and novel approaches to tackle treatment resistance and improve our understanding of this phenomenon.

renal cell carcinoma --- autophagy --- hydroxychloroquine --- chloroquine --- ROC-325 --- cysteine cathepsins --- cysteine cathepsin inhibitors --- lysosome --- renal cancer --- metastatic renal cell carcinoma --- immune-based combination therapies --- network meta-analysis --- PD-L1 --- predictive --- biomarker --- treatment --- TKIs --- mRCC --- biomarkers --- soluble factors --- immunotherapy --- renal cell carcinoma (RCC) --- sunitib resistance --- artesunate (ART) --- Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) --- growth inhibition --- ferroptosis --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- clear cell renal cell carcinoma --- ccRCC --- RCC --- kidney cancer --- evolution --- evolutionary trajectory --- metastatic --- second line therapy --- renal cell cancer --- immune checkpoint inhibitors --- tyrosine kinase inhibitors --- individualization --- genomic signature --- transcriptomic analysis

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Viruses in the Parvoviridae family constitute one of the most diverse and intriguing fields of research. While they all share an ssDNA genome and a small capsid, they can differ widely in structure, genome organization and expression, virus–cell interaction, and impact on the host. Exploring such diversity and unraveling the inherent complexity in these apparently simple viruses is an ongoing endeavor and commitment for the scientific community. The translational implications of research on parvoviruses are relevant. Within the family, some viruses are important human and veterinary pathogens, in need of diagnostic methods and antiviral strategies; other viruses have long been studied and engineered as tools for oncolytic therapy, or as sophisticated gene delivery vectors, and can now display their wide and expanding applicative potential. This Special Issue of Viruses collects recent contributions in the field of parvovirus research, with a focus on new insights and research on unresolved issues, as well as new approaches exploiting systemic methodologies. Evolution, structural biology, viral replication, virus–host interaction, pathogenesis and immunity, and viral oncotherapy are a selection of the topics addressed in the issue that can be of relevance to the community involved in parvovirus research and of interest to a wider audience.

antivirals --- Bombyx mori bidensovirus --- Bocaparvovirus --- human bocavirus 1 --- equine parvovirus-hepatitis --- NS2 --- NS1 --- X-ray crystallography --- BIRC3 (cIAP-2) --- glycans --- children --- antibody interactions --- new viruses --- alpaca --- cidofovir --- rodent protoparvoviruses --- clinical trials --- structural biology --- DNA virus --- human bocavirus --- caspase-3 --- viral communities --- uncoating --- PLA2 --- phospholipase-A2 --- oncolytic virus immune therapy --- Parvoviridae --- viral ecology --- Cryo-EM --- AAV --- metagenomics --- phylogeny --- oncolytic viruses --- mite --- parvovirus evolution --- Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 --- adeno-associated virus --- telbivudine --- capsid stability --- virus --- homology modeling --- human airway epithelia --- sequence analysis --- acute gastroenteritis --- bisulfite PCR --- next-generation sequencing --- single stranded DNA virus --- overlapping promoters --- virus diversity --- prognosis --- oncolytic activity --- genome --- hydroxyurea --- Lepidoptera --- genome externalization --- antiviral compounds --- circulating angiogenic cells --- tumor microenvironment --- coumarin derivatives --- nuclear targeting --- densovirus --- receptor interactions --- cell cycle arrest --- transcription profile --- brincidofovir --- canine parvovirus --- endogenous viral elements --- inflammatory cardiomyopathy --- erythroid progenitor cells --- RNA-seq --- insect --- chapparvovirus --- RT-qPCR --- trafficking --- AAV2 --- agricultural pests --- Adeno-associated virus --- myocarditis --- diagnosis --- parvovirus --- feline panleukopenia virus --- chitin --- B19V --- transcription mapping --- flavonoids --- immunomodulation --- erythrovirus --- apoptosis --- adenoviral vector --- anti-cancer --- divalent cations --- protease --- genetics --- preclinical --- arthropod --- peritrophins --- biocontrol --- dilated cardiomyopathy --- insect parvovirus --- combination therapies --- intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) --- virus phylogeny --- evolution --- second generation parvovirus treatments --- commercial horse serum --- parvovirus B19 --- canine chapparvovirus --- CpG methylation --- RACE --- H-1PV --- viral metagenomics --- horses