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Anthocyanins are natural plant pigments, responsible for many of the orange/red/purple/blue colors of many flowers, fruits, and vegetables. These colorants play important roles in plants, such as conferring UV protection and antimicrobial properties, and they are also implicated to have many potential human health-promoting properties. Research works and epidemiological studies have indicated these plant pigments to be beneficial in the reduction of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. For these reasons, there is increasing interest in their incorporation in foods, drugs, cosmetics, and dietary supplements as naturally derived colorants and health-promoting compounds. There is a large natural diversity in the chemical composition of anthocyanin pigments. More than 700 unique anthocyanin structures have been identified, and each has unique colorimetric, reactivity, and health-promoting properties. With such a great number of unique anthocyanins and increasing interest in their use, there is a considerable need to better understand the factors affecting their production and accumulation in plants, the factors affecting their stability and colorimetric properties, and their metabolism and mechanisms for disease alleviation. This Special Issue includes several new research works dedicated to these topics and a review of the current knowledge of anthocyanin chemistry affecting their application in food and nutrition.

and cosmetics --- Natural colorants --- Botanical aspects --- Anthocyanin chemistry and application --- drugs --- Anthocyanin absorption and metabolism --- Anthocyanins --- Color quality of foods --- Anthocyanin Bioactivity and functionality --- Chronic diseases reduction

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A short book about different issues in optical technologies. The importance of optical technologies for artwork charaterization is well known, in this book we show some examples where different optical technologies are applied in real cultural heritage artworks.

The arts --- digital archaeology --- image classification --- stratigraphy --- landscape archaeology --- sediment analysis --- spectroscopy --- proximal sensing --- porcelain --- enamels --- China --- 18th century --- Raman microspectroscopy --- pXRF --- pigments --- arsenic --- cobalt --- Naples yellow --- Dzi bead --- agate --- X-ray diffraction --- X-ray fluorescence --- X-ray absorption near edge structure --- X-ray imaging --- colour --- art --- visual --- accommodation --- binocular vision --- silver nanostars --- surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy --- cross-sections --- copper phthalocyanine --- blue pigment --- analytical diagnostics --- National Gallery of Parma --- Madonna della Misericordia --- pigment identification --- preliminary drawing --- gilding --- Byzantine --- projection mapping --- calibration --- lighting --- cultural heritage --- light damage --- colour difference --- ageing --- monitoring --- imaging spectroscopy --- spectral imaging --- exhibitions --- preventive --- quantitative --- books --- paper --- conservation --- archive --- library --- art conservation --- spectral optimization --- color quality --- LEDs --- light intensity --- illuminance --- exposure --- energy efficiency --- damage --- daguerreotype --- tarnish --- chemical cleaning --- electrocleaning --- synchrotron --- X-ray fluorescence imaging --- non-invasive investigations --- portable/reflectance spectroscopy --- portable Raman spectroscopy --- lead antimonate --- enamel blue --- caput mortuum --- hyperspectral imaging --- 18th century painting --- FORS --- XRF --- photogrammetry --- workflow --- Alhambra's Tower of the Captive --- digital archaeology --- image classification --- stratigraphy --- landscape archaeology --- sediment analysis --- spectroscopy --- proximal sensing --- porcelain --- enamels --- China --- 18th century --- Raman microspectroscopy --- pXRF --- pigments --- arsenic --- cobalt --- Naples yellow --- Dzi bead --- agate --- X-ray diffraction --- X-ray fluorescence --- X-ray absorption near edge structure --- X-ray imaging --- colour --- art --- visual --- accommodation --- binocular vision --- silver nanostars --- surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy --- cross-sections --- copper phthalocyanine --- blue pigment --- analytical diagnostics --- National Gallery of Parma --- Madonna della Misericordia --- pigment identification --- preliminary drawing --- gilding --- Byzantine --- projection mapping --- calibration --- lighting --- cultural heritage --- light damage --- colour difference --- ageing --- monitoring --- imaging spectroscopy --- spectral imaging --- exhibitions --- preventive --- quantitative --- books --- paper --- conservation --- archive --- library --- art conservation --- spectral optimization --- color quality --- LEDs --- light intensity --- illuminance --- exposure --- energy efficiency --- damage --- daguerreotype --- tarnish --- chemical cleaning --- electrocleaning --- synchrotron --- X-ray fluorescence imaging --- non-invasive investigations --- portable/reflectance spectroscopy --- portable Raman spectroscopy --- lead antimonate --- enamel blue --- caput mortuum --- hyperspectral imaging --- 18th century painting --- FORS --- XRF --- photogrammetry --- workflow --- Alhambra's Tower of the Captive