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Arthritis has a high prevalence globally and includes over 100 different types, the most common of which are rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and inflammatory arthritis. The exact etiology of arthritis remains unclear and no cure exists. Anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used in the treatment of arthritis but are associated with significant side effects. Novel modes of therapy and additional prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed for arthritis patients. This book summarizes and discusses the global picture of the current understanding of arthritis.

receptor activator of nuclear factor ?B --- infliximab --- tripterine --- triptolide --- osteoblast --- tumor necrosis factor-alpha --- synovial cell --- anti-arthritis --- biosimilars --- Epstein-Barr virus --- cytokines --- SOX9 --- parathyroid hormone --- nitric oxide --- rat --- etanercept --- angiogenesis --- glycosylation --- mitogen activated protein kinase --- Th9 lymphocytes --- rheumatoid arthritis --- IL-6 --- clodronate --- bone erosion --- mesenchymal stem cells --- collagen-induced arthritis --- biological --- gene expression --- inflammatory arthritis --- osteoarthritis --- fraxinellone --- nuclear factor kappa B --- messenger RNA --- inflammation --- miRNA --- disease-modifying --- adipokines --- WNT --- glycoprotein 42 --- miR-199a-5p --- proliferation --- next-generation sequencing --- collagen --- osteoarthritis (OA) --- experimental arthritis --- bone morphogenetic protein --- TNF-? --- computational modeling --- basic research --- osteoclast --- therapeutics --- certolizumab pegol --- chondrocytes --- progenitor cells --- adjuvant arthritis --- adalimumab --- triterpenoid --- sclareol --- TNF? --- fibroblast growth factor 2 --- antibodies --- osteoblasts --- molecular pathology --- Th17 --- immunology --- obesity --- visfatin --- articular cartilage --- autoimmune --- biomarkers --- celastrol --- MAPK --- disease pathways --- IL1? --- arthritis --- bioinformatics --- anticitrullinated peptide antibodies --- drug delivery system --- antagonists --- shared epitope --- pathology --- SMA- and MAD-related protein --- small-molecule inhibitor --- transforming growth factor ? --- mice --- golimumab --- spinal fusion --- antirheumatic drug --- early osteoarthritis --- stem cell --- rheumatoid factor --- therapeutic antibody --- bisphosphonate --- osteoclastogenesis --- interleukin --- spondyloarthropathies --- clinical translation --- therapy --- Traditional Chinese medicine --- chemokines --- structure --- cell signaling --- microRNA

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This book summarizes the importance of peptide–membrane interactions, mostly aiming at developing new therapeutic approaches. The experimental and computational methodologies used to investigate such interactions reveal the evolution of existing biophysical methodologies, shedding some light on potential applications of peptides, as well as on the improvement of their design. Understanding the determinants for peptide–membrane interactions may also improve the knowledge of membrane functions such as the membrane transport, fusion, and signaling processes, contributing to the development of new agents for highly relevant applications ranging from disease treatment to food technology.

tachyplesin --- host defense peptide --- anticancer --- antimicrobial --- antibiofilm --- peptide-membrane interaction --- structure-activity --- model membranes --- nuclear magnetic resonance solution structure --- accelerated molecular dynamics --- alamethicin --- membrane --- peptaibol --- cell-penetrating peptide --- peptide–lipid interaction --- lipid model systems --- molecular dynamics --- NMR --- membrane biophysics --- antimicrobial peptides --- non-lytic peptides --- bacterial membranes --- calcium hydroxide --- chemokine --- human beta defensin-3-C15 --- human dental pulp cell --- Streptococcus gordonii lipoprotein --- luffa sponge --- phosphopeptide --- mass spectrometry --- Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization --- solid-phase extraction --- surface plasmon resonance --- melittin --- liposomes --- peptide–lipid interactions --- anti-microbial peptides --- pore-forming peptides --- ESKAPE pathogens --- Staphylococcus aureus --- KR12 --- LL-37 --- lipopeptide --- critical aggregation concentration --- CD spectroscopy --- biofilm --- cytotoxicity --- organisms --- sequence analysis --- machine learning --- feature selection --- sesame protein --- ACE inhibitory peptides --- simulated gastrointestinal digestion --- amino acid sequence --- molecular docking --- chionodracines --- circular dichroism --- membrane affinity --- cell-penetrating peptides --- circular dichroism spectroscopy --- atomic force microscopy --- mycolic acid --- Langmuir monolayer --- drug–peptide conjugates --- metastasis model of B16F10 melanoma --- Pisum sativum defensin 1 (Psd1) --- anti-metastatic activity --- glucosylceramide (GlcCer) --- cyclin F --- anti-inflammatory peptide --- cell permeable peptide --- heparin-binding peptide --- collagen-induced arthritis --- inducible nitric oxide --- interferon gamma --- interleukin-6 --- Enbrel