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Policies and external shocks affecting agriculture, the main source of income for rural households, can be expected to have a significant impact on poverty. The authors study the case of Uganda. Throughout the 1990s, more than 90 percent of its poor lived in rural areas and, during the same period, large international price fluctuations as well as an extensive domestic deregulation affected the coffee sector, its main source of export revenues. Using data from three household surveys covering the 1990s, the authors confirm a strong correlation between changes in coffee prices (in a liberalized market) and poverty reduction. This is highlighted by comparing the performance of different households grouped according to their dependence on coffee farming. Regression analysis (based on pooled data from the three surveys) of consumption expenditure on coffee-related variables, other controls, and time-fixed effects corroborates that the mentioned correlation is not spurious. The authors also find that while both poor and rich farmers enter the coffee sector, the price boom benefits the poorer households relatively more, whereas the liberalization seems to create more opportunities for richer farmers. Finally, notwithstanding the importance of the coffee price boom, the agricultural policy framework and the thorough structural reforms in which the coffee market liberalization was embedded have certainly played a role in triggering overall agricultural growth. These factors appear to matter especially in the second half of the 1990s when prices went down but poverty reduction continued.

Agricultural Activities --- Agriculture --- Alternative Crops --- Capita Incomes --- Coffee --- Coffee Farmers --- Coffee Market --- Coffee Prices --- Coffee Production --- Coffee Sector --- Commodity --- Cotton --- Cotton Production --- Crop --- Crop Prices --- Crops --- Crops and Crop Management Systems --- Export Crops --- Farm --- Farmers --- Farming --- IFPRI

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In Dissimilar Coffee Frontiers Sven Van Melkebeke compares the divergent development of coffee production in eastern Congo and western Rwanda during the colonial period. The Lake Kivu region offers a remarkable case-study to investigate diversity in economic development. In Rwanda, on the eastern side of the lake, coffee was mainly cultivated by smallholder families, while in the Congo, on the western side of the lake, European plantations were the dominant mode of production. Making use of a wide array of largely untapped archival sources, Sven Van Melkebeke convincingly succeeds in moving the manuscript beyond a case-study of colonizers to a more nuanced history of interaction and in presenting an innovative new social history of labor and land processes.

Coffee plantations --- Coffee growers --- Coffee industry --- Coffee trade --- Beverage industry --- Coffee farmers --- Growers, Coffee --- Farmers --- Coffee farms --- Coffee tree farms --- Plantations --- Tree farms --- History --- Kivu, Lake, Region (Congo and Rwanda) --- Economic conditions --- Regional disparities. --- Kivu (Congo : Region) --- Kivu provinces (Congo) --- Kivus (Congo : Region)

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Fair trade is a fast-growing alternative market intended to bring better prices and greater social justice to small farmers around the world. But what does a fair-trade label signify? This vivid study of coffee farmers in Mexico offers the first thorough investigation of the social, economic, and environmental benefits of fair trade. Based on extensive research in Zapotec indigenous communities in Oaxaca, Brewing Justice follows the members of the cooperative Michiza, whose organic coffee is sold on the international fair-trade market, and compares them to conventional farming families in the same region. The book carries readers into the lives of coffee-producer households and communities, offering a nuanced analysis of fair trade's effects on everyday life and the limits of its impact. Brewing Justice paints a clear picture of the dynamics of the fair-trade market and its relationship to the global economy. Drawing on interviews with dozens of fair-trade leaders, the book also explores the movement's fraught politics, especially the challenges posed by rapid growth and the increased role of transnational corporations. It concludes with recommendations to strengthen and protect the integrity of fair trade. This updated edition includes a substantial new chapter that assesses recent developments in both coffee-growing communities and movement politics, offering a guide to navigating the shifting landscape of fair-trade consumption.

Coffee -- Prices -- Developing countries. --- Coffee industry -- Developing countries. --- Exports -- Developing countries. --- Coffee industry --- Exports --- Competition, Unfair --- Coffee --- Business & Economics --- Industries --- Prices --- Competition, Unfair. --- Coffea --- Coffea arabica --- Competition --- Competition law --- Fair trade --- Unfair competition --- Unfair trade practices --- Coffee trade --- Law and legislation --- Psychotropic plants --- Rubiaceae --- Seed crops --- Commercial crimes --- Commercial law --- Industrial property --- Torts --- Advertising laws --- Beverage industry --- E-books --- Coffee industry -- Developing countries.. --- Exports -- Developing countries.. --- Competition, Unfair.. --- alternative marketing. --- anthropology. --- business and industry. --- business. --- capitalism. --- coffee farmers. --- coffee industry. --- coffee lovers. --- coffee producing households. --- coffee. --- corporations. --- economics. --- fair trade coffee. --- fair trade consumption. --- fair trade. --- global economy. --- international business. --- international fair trade market. --- justice. --- mexican coffee. --- mexico. --- michiza. --- money and power. --- oaxaca. --- organic coffee. --- political economy. --- politics. --- small farmers. --- social justice. --- transnational corporations. --- zapotec indigenous communities.