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World Seas: An Environmental Evaluation, Second Edition, Volume One: Europe, The Americas and West Africa provides a comprehensive review of the environmental condition of the seas of Europe, the Americas and West Africa. Each chapter is written by experts in the field who provide historical overviews in environmental terms, current environmental status, major problems arising from human use, informed comments on major trends, problems and successes, and recommendations for the future. The book is an invaluable worldwide reference source for students and researchers who are concerned with marine environmental science, fisheries, oceanography and engineering and coastal zone development. Covers regional issues that help countries find solutions to environmental decline that may have already developed elsewhere. Provides scientific reviews of regional issues, thus empowering managers and policymakers to make progress in under-resourced countries and regionsIncludes comprehensive maps and updated statistics in each region covered

Marine ecology --- resources of the sea --- marine pollution --- ocean --- Europe --- West Africa --- America --- oceanography --- coastal protection --- marine environment --- fisheries

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Prepared by the Chile Earthquake Investigation Team of the Coasts, Oceans, Ports, and Rivers Institute of ASCE On February 27, 2010, an earthquake of magnitude 8.8 occurred off the coast of south-central Chile, causing intense shaking for as long as three minutes and generating a tsunami that spread across the Pacific Ocean. The earthquake.the fifth largest recorded to date.was much stronger than the 2010 Haiti earthquake, yet the Chile earthquake and tsunami combined caused substantially less damage to infrastructure and less loss of life than the Haiti event. What can engineers and risk managers learn from the Chile earthquake? In April 2010, an ASCE-COPRI team of coastal, structural, and geotechnical engineers conducted a field investigation of 10 sites in Chile affected by the earthquake and tsunami, including the ports of San Vicente, Lirquen, Coronel, Valparaiso, and San Antonio; the San Vicente Gas Terminal; and Talcahuano, Dichato, Caleta Tumbes, and Santa Maria Island. They observed successes and failures of port/harbor pile-supported structures, breakwaters and sea walls, and coastal zones. This report presents the team.s findings on which types of infrastructure performed poorly and which types performed as intended. The team also compared the performance of older systems that were not designed using current mitigation methods with systems that were designed according to Chile.s modern codes. The report includes summaries of interviews by team members with engineers and government officials in Chile, as well as a summary of lessons learned and general recommendations. For coastal engineers, structural engineers, geotechnical engineers, and disaster risk managers, the observations and analyses in this report provide critical information for engineering infrastructure that withstands major earthquake and tsunami events.

Earthquake engineering --- Earthquake hazard analysis --- Chile Earthquake, Chile, 2010 (February 27) --- Structural engineering --- Coastal engineering --- Earthquake damage --- Tsunami damage --- Earthquakes --- Tsunamis --- Developing countries --- Earthquakes --- Tsunamis --- Infrastructure --- Site investigation --- Risk management --- Coastal protection structures --- Team building --- Chile --- South America --- Haiti --- Caribbean --- History --- History --- Developing countries --- Earthquakes --- Tsunamis --- Infrastructure --- Site investigation --- Risk management --- Coastal protection structures --- Team building --- Chile --- South America --- Haiti --- Caribbean

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Sponsored by the Coasts, Oceans, Ports, and Rivers Institute of ASCE; Port and Airport Research Institute of Japan. On March 11, 2011, a magnitude 9.0 earthquake rumbled off the east coast of Japan, followed by a tsunami that generated waves more than 18 meters high. The earthquake and tsunami caused devastation throughout the Tohoku and Sendai regions of Japan, killing nearly 16,000 people and causing damage estimated at more than US

Earthquake damage --- Earthquake intensity --- Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami, Japan, 2011. --- Tsunamis --- Tsunamis --- Earthquakes --- Coastal processes --- Coastal protection structures --- Ports and harbors --- Airports and airfields --- Field tests --- Failure analysis --- Japan --- Asia --- Tsunamis --- Earthquakes --- Coastal processes --- Coastal protection structures --- Ports and harbors --- Airports and airfields --- Field tests --- Failure analysis --- Japan --- Asia

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Working with nature - and not against it - is a global trend in coastal management. This ethnography of coastal protection follows the increasingly popular approach of "soft" protection to the Aotearoa New Zealand coast. Friederike Gesing analyses a political controversy over hard and soft protection measures, and introduces a growing community of practice involved in projects of working with nature. Dune restoration volunteers, coastal management experts, surfer-scientists, and Maori conservationists are engaged in projects ranging from do-it-yourself erosion control, to the reconstruction of native nature, and soft engineering "in concert with natural processes". With soft protection, Gesing argues, we can witness a new sociotechnical imaginary in the making.

Shore protection --- Cultural geography --- Human geography --- Beach erosion --- Coast protection --- Coast protective works --- Coastal zone management --- Coastal engineering --- Hydraulic engineering --- Reclamation of land --- Prevention --- Coast; Ethnography; Practice; Nature; New Zealand; Sociotechnical Imaginaries; Environment; Dune Restoration; Materiality; Collaboration; Coastal Protection; Oceania; Culture; Ethnology; Cultural Geography; Human Ecology; Environmental Sociology --- Coastal Protection. --- Collaboration. --- Cultural Geography. --- Culture. --- Dune Restoration. --- Environment. --- Environmental Sociology. --- Ethnography. --- Ethnology. --- Human Ecology. --- Materiality. --- Nature. --- New Zealand. --- Oceania. --- Practice. --- Sociotechnical Imaginaries.

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It is well known that 55% of the world’s population currently lives in urban areas, and this figure is predicted to grow to 68% by 2050, adding more than 2.5 billion people to urban populations. It is also projected that there will be 43 megacities worldwide by 2030, with populations of more than 10 million inhabitants. The United Nations World Water Development Report, 2018, warned that by 2030, the global demand for fresh water is likely to exceed supply by 40%. Added to population growth, climate change has the potential to lead to changes in rainfall regimes, with the potential of increased flooding and drought. Currently, 1.2 billion people are at risk from flooding, but this is predicted to increase to about 1.6 billion, i.e., nearly 20% of the total world population, by 2050. In line with this, replacing deteriorating water management infrastructure that can no longer cope is economically unfeasible, impracticable from a construction point of view, and likely to fail in the long term. To address these issues, approaches are needed that are flexible and have multiple benefits. In its World Water Development Report, 2018, the UN promotes the use of nature-based solutions to some of these problems, with the focus of Sustainable Development Goal 6 (making sure that everyone has access to a safe and affordable supply of potable water and sanitation by 2030) requiring investment in suitable infrastructure across the world. This Special Issue covers the challenges faced in managing urban water in all its forms, from potable supplies to reuse and harvesting, as well as resilient and sustainable approaches developed to address flooding and drought.

Research & information: general --- SWAT --- urbanization --- nutrient loads --- constructed wetlands --- buffer zones --- river bank stabilization --- multi-source combined water supply --- optimal allocation of water resources --- incoming water uncertainty --- guaranteed rate of water use --- groundwater --- Heckman model --- self-supply --- water demand --- water economics --- industry --- climate change --- coastal protection --- coastal flooding --- sea defence --- experimental modelling --- sustainability --- detention basins --- green roofs --- MicroDrainage --- porous pavement --- runoff reduction --- swales --- biological evolution --- ecosystem services --- low impact development (LID) --- stormwater best management practices (BMP) --- stormwater control measures (SCMs) --- sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) --- water sensitive urban design (WSUD) --- potable supplies --- groundwater level changes --- infiltration --- recharge --- climate changes --- water efficiency --- SWAT --- urbanization --- nutrient loads --- constructed wetlands --- buffer zones --- river bank stabilization --- multi-source combined water supply --- optimal allocation of water resources --- incoming water uncertainty --- guaranteed rate of water use --- groundwater --- Heckman model --- self-supply --- water demand --- water economics --- industry --- climate change --- coastal protection --- coastal flooding --- sea defence --- experimental modelling --- sustainability --- detention basins --- green roofs --- MicroDrainage --- porous pavement --- runoff reduction --- swales --- biological evolution --- ecosystem services --- low impact development (LID) --- stormwater best management practices (BMP) --- stormwater control measures (SCMs) --- sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) --- water sensitive urban design (WSUD) --- potable supplies --- groundwater level changes --- infiltration --- recharge --- climate changes --- water efficiency