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This Special Issue presents the work of 30 scientists from 11 countries. It confirms that the impacts of global change, resulting from both climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressure, are huge on worldwide coastal areas (and critically so on some islands in the Pacific Ocean), with highly negative effects on coastal groundwater resources, which are widely affected by seawater intrusion. Some improved research methods are proposed in the contributions: using innovative hydrogeological, geophysical, and geochemical monitoring; assessing impacts of the changing environment on the coastal groundwater resources in terms of quantity and quality; and using modelling, especially to improve management approaches. The scientific research needed to face these challenges must continue to be deployed by different approaches based on the monitoring, modelling and management of groundwater resources. Novel and more efficient methods must be developed to keep up with the accelerating pace of global change.

tide --- artificial neural network --- Gaza Strip --- groundwater resources --- seawater intrusion --- nutrient discharge --- freshwater resilience --- offshore geophysics --- atoll --- freshwater lens --- sea-level rise --- small islands --- sharp interface numerical modeling --- climate change --- recursive prediction --- saltwater intrusion --- Radon --- submarine groundwater discharge --- water resources management --- flooding --- groundwater storage --- fish ponds --- Tongatapu --- extraction --- monitoring --- modelling --- fresh groundwater volume --- numerical model --- atoll island --- MODFLOW/SEAWAT --- Nile Delta governorates --- arid and semi-arid regions --- time series model --- hydrogeology --- Libya --- sea level rise --- coastal aquifer --- sea–aquifer relations --- Tripoli --- freshwater-saltwater interface --- multi-layered coastal aquifer --- well salinization --- SGD model --- Nile Delta aquifer --- tidal signal --- geophysics --- groundwater --- cation exchange --- salinization --- SGD --- support vector machine --- direct prediction --- aquifer

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In nature, urban groundwater results in multiple processes, including climatic, geological, geomorphological, geochemical, ecotoxicological, and hydraulic processes, in addition to sanitation, all of which sustain varied ecological services. Urban development profoundly impacts hydrological systems, particularly in the invisible component of the water cycle, the groundwater. That impact was perceived a considerable while in the past, and the initial focus was drawn to societal roles in the development of urbanisation and the consequent contamination and pollution of hydrosystems. Additional issues in sustainable water resource management and hydrological cycle comprehension are added by urbanisation. The Special Issue highlights the presentation and discussion of model urban studies and reflections that describe the current state-of-the-art methods on challenges and emerging fields related to the mapping, characterisation, assessment, mitigation, and protection of sustainable groundwater systems in peri-urban and urban areas. In the current year, 2022, World Water Day was dedicated to groundwater, and the process of making the invisible visible. This Special Issue offers a set of papers that promote reflections, methodologies, and learned studies on the importance of fresh water in urban areas.

Research & information: general --- Environmental economics --- water resources carrying capacity --- load-balance --- system dynamics model --- water resources allocation --- Jilin province --- wildfire --- peri-urban area --- groundwater quality --- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons --- major ions --- metals --- urban groundwater --- hydrogeochemistry --- hydrodynamics --- IPI-Urban --- NW Portugal --- emergency groundwater source --- numerical model --- drawdown --- in situ hydrogeological tests --- salinity --- ions --- semi-arid region --- Mewat --- Haryana --- environmental isotope --- δ2H --- municipal solid waste --- leachate contamination --- natural tracers --- coal mine wastewater quality --- irrigation --- heavy metals --- water quality index --- environmental impact --- groundwater sustainable management --- groundwater abstraction --- seawater intrusion --- numerical modelling --- coastal aquifer --- urban water-supply --- groundwater --- private self-supply --- management issues --- water supply system --- volcanism --- eruptive scenarios --- vulnerability --- Azores --- wellhead protection area --- numerical modeling --- analytical methods --- n/a --- Research. --- Environmental economics.

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This book focuses on the tools and methods used for tackling the complexity of the different hydrological and hydrogeological set-ups, the hydrodynamic patterns, the site specifications, and the wide variability of internal and external factors and/or processes on the catchment-scale level that impose the need for combined integrated approaches of robust methods. This Special Issue aims to provide successful applications or new insights on the stand-alone or joint considerations of groundwater resources assessment and characterization methods and explore new state-of-the-art methodological concepts in light of a rapidly changing environment.

Research & information: general --- drought --- precipitation --- SPI --- groundwater salinization --- karst --- seawater intrusion --- Soil and Water Assessment Tool --- SEAWAT model --- irrigation management --- groundwater --- climate change --- sea level rise --- nitrate --- leachate --- modelling --- validation --- state scale --- integrated water resources management --- coastal agricultural basin --- groundwater nitrate pollution --- hydrochemistry --- hydrodynamics --- environmental isotopes --- Tirnavos basin --- groundwater recharge --- groundwater sustainability --- hydrology models --- Modder River --- sustainability index --- GALDIT --- monthly vulnerability --- seawater intrusion (SWI) --- vulnerability assessment --- effective weight --- densely populated area --- freshwater–saltwater interactions --- multilayer coastal aquifer --- hydro-geochemistry --- Tevere River delta --- Ostia Antica archaeological park --- drinking and irrigation water scarcity --- groundwater potential mapping --- machine learning --- remote sensing --- GIS --- karstic mountainous aquifers --- Morocco --- hydrogeological properties --- natural groundwater fluctuations --- semi-arid zones --- depleting groundwater resources --- Guadalupe Valley Aquifer --- chromium --- ultramafic rocks --- springs --- water–rock interaction --- natural background levels --- aquifer --- intrinsic vulnerability --- RIVA method --- index-overlay method --- n/a --- freshwater-saltwater interactions --- water-rock interaction

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This book focuses on the tools and methods used for tackling the complexity of the different hydrological and hydrogeological set-ups, the hydrodynamic patterns, the site specifications, and the wide variability of internal and external factors and/or processes on the catchment-scale level that impose the need for combined integrated approaches of robust methods. This Special Issue aims to provide successful applications or new insights on the stand-alone or joint considerations of groundwater resources assessment and characterization methods and explore new state-of-the-art methodological concepts in light of a rapidly changing environment.

drought --- precipitation --- SPI --- groundwater salinization --- karst --- seawater intrusion --- Soil and Water Assessment Tool --- SEAWAT model --- irrigation management --- groundwater --- climate change --- sea level rise --- nitrate --- leachate --- modelling --- validation --- state scale --- integrated water resources management --- coastal agricultural basin --- groundwater nitrate pollution --- hydrochemistry --- hydrodynamics --- environmental isotopes --- Tirnavos basin --- groundwater recharge --- groundwater sustainability --- hydrology models --- Modder River --- sustainability index --- GALDIT --- monthly vulnerability --- seawater intrusion (SWI) --- vulnerability assessment --- effective weight --- densely populated area --- freshwater–saltwater interactions --- multilayer coastal aquifer --- hydro-geochemistry --- Tevere River delta --- Ostia Antica archaeological park --- drinking and irrigation water scarcity --- groundwater potential mapping --- machine learning --- remote sensing --- GIS --- karstic mountainous aquifers --- Morocco --- hydrogeological properties --- natural groundwater fluctuations --- semi-arid zones --- depleting groundwater resources --- Guadalupe Valley Aquifer --- chromium --- ultramafic rocks --- springs --- water–rock interaction --- natural background levels --- aquifer --- intrinsic vulnerability --- RIVA method --- index-overlay method --- n/a --- freshwater-saltwater interactions --- water-rock interaction

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The tendency for climate to change has been one of the most surprising outcomes of the study of Earth's history. Marine geoscience can reveal valuable information about past environments, climates, and biota just before, during and after each climate perturbation. Particularly, certain intervals of geological records are windows to key episodes in the climate history of the Earth–life system. Ιn this regard, the detailed analyses of such time intervals are challenging and rewarding for environmental reconstruction and climate modelling, because they provide documentation and better understanding of a warmer-than-present world, and opportunities to test and refine the predictive ability of climate models. Marine geological dynamics such as sea-level changes, hydrographic parameters, water quality, sedimentary cyclicity, and (paleo)climate are strongly related through a direct exchange between the oceanographic and atmospheric systems. The increasing attention paid to this wide topic is also motivated by the interplay of these processes across a variety of settings (coastal to open marine) and timescales (early Cenozoic to modern). In order to realize the full predictive value of these warm (fresh)/cold (salty) intervals in Earth's history, it is important to have reliable tools (e.g., integrated geochemical, paleontological and/or paleoceanographic proxies) through the application of multiple, independent, and novel techniques (e.g., TEX86, UK’37, Mg/Ca, Na/Ca, Δ47, and μCT) for providing reliable hydroclimate reconstructions at both local and global scales.

Research & information: general --- microfacies types --- Pantokrator Limestones --- Vigla Formation --- Senonian calciturbidites --- Eocene brecciated limestones --- carbonate porosity --- petroleum prospectivity --- stratigraphic correlations --- marine biogenic carbonates --- depositional environment --- paleoceanographic evolution --- planktonic foraminifera --- pteropods --- stable isotopes --- sea surface temperature (SST) --- stratification --- productivity --- sapropel S1 --- Aegean Sea --- Late Quaternary --- shell weight --- climate variability --- sea surface density --- carbonate production --- X-ray microscopy (μCT) --- δ18O and Mg/Ca analyses --- offshore groundwater exploration --- coastal aquifers --- salt-/fresh-water relationship --- Mediterranean Sea --- Attica-Greece --- cleaning protocol --- unconsolidated core sediments --- climate reconstruction --- synchrotron X-ray microtomography (SμCT) --- foraminiferal-based proxies --- BTEX natural attenuation --- hydro-stratigraphy --- multi-layered aquifer --- Thriassion Plain --- confined and unconfined aquifer --- coastal aquifer --- Gulf of Eleusis --- ocean paleodensity --- Atlantic Meridional Circulation (AMOC) --- planktonic foraminiferal biogeography --- surface sediments --- morphometrics --- shell size --- environmental biomonitoring --- ecological optimum conditions --- primary productivity --- depth habitat preference --- cryptic speciation --- central Mediterranean hydrodynamics --- sea level fluctuations --- soluble substances --- coastal environment change --- diatom --- geochemical elements --- microfacies types --- Pantokrator Limestones --- Vigla Formation --- Senonian calciturbidites --- Eocene brecciated limestones --- carbonate porosity --- petroleum prospectivity --- stratigraphic correlations --- marine biogenic carbonates --- depositional environment --- paleoceanographic evolution --- planktonic foraminifera --- pteropods --- stable isotopes --- sea surface temperature (SST) --- stratification --- productivity --- sapropel S1 --- Aegean Sea --- Late Quaternary --- shell weight --- climate variability --- sea surface density --- carbonate production --- X-ray microscopy (μCT) --- δ18O and Mg/Ca analyses --- offshore groundwater exploration --- coastal aquifers --- salt-/fresh-water relationship --- Mediterranean Sea --- Attica-Greece --- cleaning protocol --- unconsolidated core sediments --- climate reconstruction --- synchrotron X-ray microtomography (SμCT) --- foraminiferal-based proxies --- BTEX natural attenuation --- hydro-stratigraphy --- multi-layered aquifer --- Thriassion Plain --- confined and unconfined aquifer --- coastal aquifer --- Gulf of Eleusis --- ocean paleodensity --- Atlantic Meridional Circulation (AMOC) --- planktonic foraminiferal biogeography --- surface sediments --- morphometrics --- shell size --- environmental biomonitoring --- ecological optimum conditions --- primary productivity --- depth habitat preference --- cryptic speciation --- central Mediterranean hydrodynamics --- sea level fluctuations --- soluble substances --- coastal environment change --- diatom --- geochemical elements