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Anaerobic digestion is a promising solution for food waste management and energy production.
Nevertheless, inhibitions of this process can be encountered, thus decreasing the methane yield.
In this context, anaerobic digestion of several vegetable peels (potatoes, red cabbage and carrots) was studied. Several strategies for improving the methane yield of anaerobic digestion were carried out as part of tests to define the biochemical methane potential. Peelings were first tested in mono- and co-digestion with a non-acclimated and then with an acclimated inoculum.
They were also co-digested with garden waste. Finally, several fungal strains (Aspergillus terreus, Penicillium canescens and Trichoderma virens) were tested together and separately on the peelings in a fungal pretreatment. The results showed that co-digestion between the different
vegetable peels did not have a significant impact on methane yield, nor was the impact of inoculum acclimation on methane yield significant. The addition of garden waste to the anaerobic
digestion of vegetable peelings increased their methane potential by up to 62% compared to their
mono-digestion. The application of a fungal pretreatment from the three fungal strains tested
simultaneously increased the methanogenic potential by 21%, the other pretreatments applied
did not show a significant positive difference in yield. As a recommendation, measurements of the composition of the substrates studied should be carried out in order to validate the hypotheses put forward. Further experiments could also be carried out in the future to improve the scientific knowledge on inoculum acclimation and fungal pretreatment. La digestion anaérobie est une solution prometteuse pour la gestion des déchets alimentaires et
la production d’énergie. Néanmoins, des inhibitions de ce procédé peuvent être rencontrées, diminuant ainsi le rendement en méthane. C’est dans ce contexte que la digestion anaérobie de
plusieurs épluchures de légumes a été étudiée (pommes de terre, chou rouge et carottes). Plusieurs
stratégies d’amélioration du rendement en méthane de la digestion anaérobie ont été appliquées
dans le cadre de tests de définition du potentiel méthanogène. Les épluchures ont d’abord été
testées en monodigestion et en co-digestion avec un inoculum non acclimaté et puis avec un inoculum acclimaté. Elles ont aussi été mises en co-digestion avec des déchets verts. Et enfin, trois souches de champignons (Aspergillus terreus, Penicillium canescens et Trichoderma virens) ont été testées ensemble et séparément sur ces épluchures dans le cadre d’un prétraitement fongique. Les résultats ont montré que la co-digestion entre les différentes épluchures de légumes n’avait pas d’impact significatif sur le rendement en méthane, de même, l’impact de l’acclimatation de l’inoculum sur le rendement en méthane n’était pas significatif. L’ajout de déchets verts à la digestion anaérobie des épluchures de légumes a permis d’augmenter leur potentiel méthanogène jusqu’à 62% en comparaison avec leur monodigestion. L’application d’un prétraitement fongique à partir des trois souches de champignons testées simultanément a permis d’augmenter le potentiel méthanogène de 21%, les autres prétraitements appliquées n’ont pas montré de différence significative positive du rendement. En guise de recommandation, des mesures concernant la composition des substrats étudiés devraient être menées afin de valider les hypothèses avancées. D’autres expériences pourraient également être menées à l’avenir afin d’améliorer les connaissances scientifiques concernant l’acclimatation de l’inoculum et le prétraitement fongique.

Anaerobic digestion --- Biochemical methane potential --- Vegetable peels --- Inoculum acclimation --- Co-digestion --- Fungal pretreatment --- Digestion anaérobie --- Potentiel méthanogène --- Épluchures de légumes --- Acclimatation inoculum --- Co-digestion --- Prétraitement fongique --- Sciences du vivant > Sciences de l'environnement & écologie

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This Special Issue focused on innovative solutions for the biological treatment of organic waste from wastewater. In particular, research articles included in this SI are related to: Process mechanisms and operation, optimization, monitoring, modeling, and applications; Removal of pathogens and emerging pollutants; Reuse and circular economy; Resource recovery (e.g., nutrients recovery, high-value compounds) and energy valorization (e.g., biogas); Life cycle assessment and carbon footprint; Technoeconomic assessment and social perception of waste-to-resource processes; Low-cost technologies; Policy. Overall, this SI provides new ways to valorize organic waste from wastewater and describe novel processes as well as the environmental and social benefits in the frame of the Sustainable Development Goals.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- synthetic microbial community --- ammonium --- heterotrophic nitrification --- aerobic denitrification --- livestock wastewater --- anaerobic co-digestion --- food wastes --- waste-activated sludge --- nano magnetite --- iron oxide nano particles --- nano zero valent iron --- sewage sludge --- nano particles --- organic wastes --- anaerobic digestion (AD) --- biogas --- life cycle assessment (LCA) --- methane --- waste activated sludge (WAS) --- wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) --- anaerobic digestion acceptance --- structural equation model --- energy policy --- sustainable energy technology --- rural development --- mesophilic --- thermophilic --- temperature-phased anaerobic digestion (TPAD) --- dewaterability --- sludge quality --- sludge valorisation --- synthetic microbial community --- ammonium --- heterotrophic nitrification --- aerobic denitrification --- livestock wastewater --- anaerobic co-digestion --- food wastes --- waste-activated sludge --- nano magnetite --- iron oxide nano particles --- nano zero valent iron --- sewage sludge --- nano particles --- organic wastes --- anaerobic digestion (AD) --- biogas --- life cycle assessment (LCA) --- methane --- waste activated sludge (WAS) --- wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) --- anaerobic digestion acceptance --- structural equation model --- energy policy --- sustainable energy technology --- rural development --- mesophilic --- thermophilic --- temperature-phased anaerobic digestion (TPAD) --- dewaterability --- sludge quality --- sludge valorisation

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Some terms, such as eco-friendly, circular economy and green technologies, have remained in our vocabulary, because the truth is that mankind is altering the planet to put its own subsistence at risk. Besides, for rationalization in the consumption of raw materials and energy, the recycling of waste through efficient and sustainable processes forms the backbone of the paradigm of a sustainable industry. One of the most relevant technologies for the new productive model is anaerobic digestion. Historically, anaerobic digestion has been developed in the field of urban wastes and wastewater treatments, but in the new challenge, its role is more relevant. Anaerobic digestion is a technologically mature biological treatment, which joins bioenergy production with the efficient removal of contaminants. This issue provides a specialized, but broad in scope, overview of the possibilities of the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass (mainly forestry and agricultural wastes), which is expected to be a more promising substrate for the development of biorefineries. Its conversion to bioenergy through anaerobic digestion must solve some troubles: the complex lignocellulosic structure needs to be deconstructed by pretreatments and a co-substrate may need to be added to improve the biological process. Ten selected works advance this proposal into the future.

Technology: general issues --- exhausted sugar beet pulp --- pig manure --- anaerobic co-digestion --- thermophilic --- lignocellulosic waste --- anaerobic digestion --- biogas --- optimization --- operating parameters --- review --- particle-rich substrate --- suspended solids disintegration --- disintegration kinetics --- cellulase --- lignocellulosic biomass --- pretreatment methods --- limitations --- hydro-thermal pretreatment --- biofuels --- feedstock and degradation pathway --- AD systems --- pretreatment technologies --- process stability --- codigestion --- rice straw --- nutrients --- recycling --- digestate --- methane --- corn residue --- organosolv pretreatment --- sugar beet by-products --- manure --- semi-continuous feeding mode --- methane improvement --- non-classical parameters --- sorghum mutant --- biomass --- soluble sugars --- dilute acid pretreatment --- one-pot process --- n/a

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Bioenergy is renewable energy obtained from biomass—any organic material that has stored sunlight in the form of chemical energy. Biogas is among the biofuels that can be obtained from biomass resources, including biodegradable wastes like manure, sewage sludge, the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes, slaughterhouse waste, crop residues, and more recently lignocellulosic biomass and algae. Within the framework of the circular economy, biogas production from biodegradable waste is particularly interesting, as it helps to save resources while reducing environmental pollution. Besides, lignocellulosic biomass and algae do not compete for arable land with food crops (in contrast with energy crops). Hence, they constitute a novel source of biomass for bioenergy.Biogas plants may involve both high-tech and low-tech digesters, ranging from industrial-scale plants to small-scale farms and even households. They pose an alternative for decentralized bioenergy production in rural areas. Indeed, the biogas produced can be used in heaters, engines, combined heat and power units, and even cookstoves at the household level. Notwithstanding, digesters are considered to be a sustainable technology that can improve the living conditions of farmers by covering energy needs and boosting nutrient recycling. Thanks to their technical, socio-economic, and environmental benefits, rural biogas plants have been spreading around the world since the 1970s, with a large focus on farm-based systems and households. However, several challenges still need to be overcome in order to improve the technology and financial viability.

Technology: general issues --- Environmental science, engineering & technology --- Mixing --- optimised --- household digester --- Chinese dome digester (CDD) --- self-agitation --- blank --- mixing --- Chinese dome digester --- impeller mixed digester --- unstirred digester --- hydraulically mixed --- total solids (TS) concentration --- plug-flow reactor --- anaerobic digestion --- animal manures --- biogas --- unconfined gas injection mixing --- mixing recirculation --- biomethane potential tests --- Italy --- manure --- energy crops --- agriculture residues --- digestate --- biochemical methane potential --- micro-aeration --- iron --- bioenergy --- H2S scrubber --- methane --- fermentation --- dairy --- poultry --- absorbent --- ammonia --- inhibition --- acclimatization --- trace elements --- anaerobic treatment --- energy assessment --- rural sanitation --- sludge --- wastewater --- agricultural runoff --- biomethane --- biorefinery --- microalgae --- photobioreactor --- pretreatment --- low cost digester --- psychrophilic anaerobic digestion --- thermal behavior --- anaerobic co-digestion --- slaughterhouse wastewater --- synergistic effects --- kinetic modeling --- biodegradability

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Bioenergy is renewable energy obtained from biomass—any organic material that has stored sunlight in the form of chemical energy. Biogas is among the biofuels that can be obtained from biomass resources, including biodegradable wastes like manure, sewage sludge, the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes, slaughterhouse waste, crop residues, and more recently lignocellulosic biomass and algae. Within the framework of the circular economy, biogas production from biodegradable waste is particularly interesting, as it helps to save resources while reducing environmental pollution. Besides, lignocellulosic biomass and algae do not compete for arable land with food crops (in contrast with energy crops). Hence, they constitute a novel source of biomass for bioenergy.Biogas plants may involve both high-tech and low-tech digesters, ranging from industrial-scale plants to small-scale farms and even households. They pose an alternative for decentralized bioenergy production in rural areas. Indeed, the biogas produced can be used in heaters, engines, combined heat and power units, and even cookstoves at the household level. Notwithstanding, digesters are considered to be a sustainable technology that can improve the living conditions of farmers by covering energy needs and boosting nutrient recycling. Thanks to their technical, socio-economic, and environmental benefits, rural biogas plants have been spreading around the world since the 1970s, with a large focus on farm-based systems and households. However, several challenges still need to be overcome in order to improve the technology and financial viability.

Mixing --- optimised --- household digester --- Chinese dome digester (CDD) --- self-agitation --- blank --- mixing --- Chinese dome digester --- impeller mixed digester --- unstirred digester --- hydraulically mixed --- total solids (TS) concentration --- plug-flow reactor --- anaerobic digestion --- animal manures --- biogas --- unconfined gas injection mixing --- mixing recirculation --- biomethane potential tests --- Italy --- manure --- energy crops --- agriculture residues --- digestate --- biochemical methane potential --- micro-aeration --- iron --- bioenergy --- H2S scrubber --- methane --- fermentation --- dairy --- poultry --- absorbent --- ammonia --- inhibition --- acclimatization --- trace elements --- anaerobic treatment --- energy assessment --- rural sanitation --- sludge --- wastewater --- agricultural runoff --- biomethane --- biorefinery --- microalgae --- photobioreactor --- pretreatment --- low cost digester --- psychrophilic anaerobic digestion --- thermal behavior --- anaerobic co-digestion --- slaughterhouse wastewater --- synergistic effects --- kinetic modeling --- biodegradability