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Climate change, environmental impact and declining natural resources are driving scientific research and novel technical solutions. Green Energy and Technology serves as a publishing platform for scientific and technological approaches to "green" - i.e., environmentally friendly and sustainable - technologies. While the main focus lies on energy and power supply, the series also covers green solutions in industrial engineering and engineering design. Green Energy and Technology is a monograph series addressing researchers, advanced students and technical consultants, as well as decision makers in industry and politics. The level presentation ranges from instructional to highly technical. Fossil fuels are widely used for electricity generation and heating, creating greenhouse gas emissions and other toxic pollutants, which should be minimised according to the most recent environmental legislation. The utilisation of solid fuels with biogenic origin could contribute to the minimisation of these emissions. Solid Biofuels for Energy presents the current status of the engineering disciplines in this specific area, providing an improved background on the energy exploitation options of solid biomass. Within this framework, all thematic priorities related to the solid bioenergy potential and standardisation, commercialised and emerging energy technologies, and quality of solid residues are presented. Special attention has been given to biomass co-firing with coal, since it has the highest potential for commercial application, while combustion and gasification are more promising for units of medium to small scale. This strong practical focus is evident throughout the book, particularly in discussions of: • international standards for solid biofuel specifications; • supply, cost and sustainability of solid biofuels; • technical issues and non-technical barriers in biomass/coal co-firing; and • biomass combustion and gasification characteristics. Solid Biofuels for Energy is an informative reference, written for researchers and postgraduate students working in the field of biomass. It can also be a useful guide for chemical and mechanical engineers, involved in the environment and energy production sectors.

Biomass -- Combustion. --- Biomass energy. --- Coal-fired power plants -- Fuel. --- Renewable energy sources. --- Biomass energy --- Biomass --- Renewable energy sources --- Clean energy investment --- Co-combustion --- Coal-fired power plants --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Mechanical Engineering - General --- Chemical Engineering --- Combustion --- Fuel --- Co-combustion. --- Bio-energy (Biomass energy) --- Bioenergy (Biomass energy) --- Biofuels --- Biological fuels --- Energy, Biomass --- Microbial energy conversion --- Combustion. --- Fuel. --- Engineering. --- Renewable energy resources. --- Biochemical engineering. --- Electric power production. --- Alternate energy sources. --- Green energy industries. --- Renewable and Green Energy. --- Energy Technology. --- Biochemical Engineering. --- Green energy industries --- Energy industries --- Alternate energy sources --- Alternative energy sources --- Energy sources, Renewable --- Sustainable energy sources --- Power resources --- Renewable natural resources --- Agriculture and energy --- Electric power generation --- Electricity generation --- Power production, Electric --- Electric power systems --- Electrification --- Bio-process engineering --- Bioprocess engineering --- Biochemistry --- Biotechnology --- Chemical engineering --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Combustion engineering --- Energy conversion --- Energy crops --- Microbial fuel cells --- Refuse as fuel --- Waste products as fuel --- Energy Systems. --- Energy systems.

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This book consists of 12 original research articles and one comprehensive review from invited chemists from around the world covering different fields of chemistry. The article on analytical chemistry features the analysis of highly polar metabolites in biological fluids, the determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with a gas chromatography coupled to ion trap mass spectrometry, and the synthesis of MoS2 nanostructures for the production of near-infrared photodetectors. The environmental chemistry articles include discussions on weekly and longitudinal elemental variability in hair samples, use of bottom ash as a stabilizing agent, the removal of phosphorus from the effluent of a paper company, and the chemistry and consequences of arsenic contamination of groundwater. Polymer/coating chemistry coverage includes the incorporation of superabsorbent polymers into cementitious-based composite materials, the use of licorice root extracts for edible coatings and postharvest quality improvement, and the use of mucin-grafted polyethylene glycol-based micro- for the oral delivery of insulin. The reported research on nanomaterials chemistry covers the synthesis of ZnO-doped ceria nanorods made up of CeO2/ZnO mixed oxides, and the production of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic bonded joints with novel carbon nanotube (CNT) adhesive films. A final paper on flavonol chemistry utilizes LC-MS/MS to investigate the stability of four common types of dietary flavonols.

carbon nanotubes --- aging --- structural health monitoring --- water uptake --- adhesive film --- surfactant --- insulin --- mucin --- polyethylene glycol --- microparticles --- toxicology --- biomass production --- Chlorella vulgaris --- microalgae --- nutrients removal --- paper industry effluent --- effluent treatment --- non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) --- urine --- doping analysis --- dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) --- gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) --- sewage sludge disposal --- municipal solid waste --- co-combustion --- fly ash --- bottom ash --- heavy metal stabilization --- polar amino acids --- mixed cationic-RP column --- LC-HRMS --- BMAA --- TMAO --- flavonols --- H2O2 --- saliva --- metabolism --- oxidation --- LC-MS/MS --- CeO2/ZnO mixed oxides --- zinc oxide --- ceria nanorods --- oxygen storage capacity --- CO oxidation --- licorice --- chitosan --- edible coating --- strawberry shelf life --- rheological properties --- ultrasound-assisted extraction --- mechanical properties --- microstructure --- self-healing --- SAP --- microCT --- cementitious materials --- mortar --- hairs --- variability --- week --- longitudinal --- element --- metals --- INAA --- occupational exposure --- unexposed subject --- MoS2 --- microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis --- low-cost photosensors --- arsenic --- groundwater --- contamination --- water quality --- domestic filter systems --- health effects --- treatment methods --- Bangladesh --- n/a --- dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME)

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This book consists of 12 original research articles and one comprehensive review from invited chemists from around the world covering different fields of chemistry. The article on analytical chemistry features the analysis of highly polar metabolites in biological fluids, the determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with a gas chromatography coupled to ion trap mass spectrometry, and the synthesis of MoS2 nanostructures for the production of near-infrared photodetectors. The environmental chemistry articles include discussions on weekly and longitudinal elemental variability in hair samples, use of bottom ash as a stabilizing agent, the removal of phosphorus from the effluent of a paper company, and the chemistry and consequences of arsenic contamination of groundwater. Polymer/coating chemistry coverage includes the incorporation of superabsorbent polymers into cementitious-based composite materials, the use of licorice root extracts for edible coatings and postharvest quality improvement, and the use of mucin-grafted polyethylene glycol-based micro- for the oral delivery of insulin. The reported research on nanomaterials chemistry covers the synthesis of ZnO-doped ceria nanorods made up of CeO2/ZnO mixed oxides, and the production of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic bonded joints with novel carbon nanotube (CNT) adhesive films. A final paper on flavonol chemistry utilizes LC-MS/MS to investigate the stability of four common types of dietary flavonols.

Technology: general issues --- carbon nanotubes --- aging --- structural health monitoring --- water uptake --- adhesive film --- surfactant --- insulin --- mucin --- polyethylene glycol --- microparticles --- toxicology --- biomass production --- Chlorella vulgaris --- microalgae --- nutrients removal --- paper industry effluent --- effluent treatment --- non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) --- urine --- doping analysis --- dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) --- gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) --- sewage sludge disposal --- municipal solid waste --- co-combustion --- fly ash --- bottom ash --- heavy metal stabilization --- polar amino acids --- mixed cationic-RP column --- LC-HRMS --- BMAA --- TMAO --- flavonols --- H2O2 --- saliva --- metabolism --- oxidation --- LC-MS/MS --- CeO2/ZnO mixed oxides --- zinc oxide --- ceria nanorods --- oxygen storage capacity --- CO oxidation --- licorice --- chitosan --- edible coating --- strawberry shelf life --- rheological properties --- ultrasound-assisted extraction --- mechanical properties --- microstructure --- self-healing --- SAP --- microCT --- cementitious materials --- mortar --- hairs --- variability --- week --- longitudinal --- element --- metals --- INAA --- occupational exposure --- unexposed subject --- MoS2 --- microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis --- low-cost photosensors --- arsenic --- groundwater --- contamination --- water quality --- domestic filter systems --- health effects --- treatment methods --- Bangladesh

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Biomass can be used to produce renewable electricity, thermal energy, transportation fuels (biofuels), and high-value functional chemicals. As an energy source, biomass can be used either directly via combustion to produce heat or indirectly after it is converted to one of many forms of bioenergy and biofuel via thermochemical or biochemical pathways. The conversion of biomass can be achieved using various advanced methods, which are broadly classified into thermochemical conversion, biochemical conversion, electrochemical conversion, and so on. Advanced development technologies and processes are able to convert biomass into alternative energy sources in solid (e.g., charcoal, biochar, and RDF), liquid (biodiesel, algae biofuel, bioethanol, and pyrolysis and liquefaction bio-oils), and gaseous (e.g., biogas, syngas, and biohydrogen) forms. Because of the merits of biomass energy for environmental sustainability, biofuel and bioenergy technologies play a crucial role in renewable energy development and the replacement of chemicals by highly functional biomass. This book provides a comprehensive overview and in-depth technical research addressing recent progress in biomass conversion processes. It also covers studies on advanced techniques and methods for bioenergy and biofuel production.

oxidation stability --- power density --- lipids --- pre-treatment --- dark fermentation --- hydrodeoxygenation --- combustion characteristics --- hydrogen --- feed solution --- emission --- cow manure --- anaerobic digestion --- synergistic effect --- biodiesel --- thermophilic --- mesophilic --- antioxidant --- crude oil --- biofuel --- rice husk --- base-catalyzed transesterification --- enzymatic digestibility --- fatty acid methyl ester --- coffee mucilage --- osmotic membrane --- fermentation --- forward osmosis --- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy --- lignocellulose --- dimethyl carbonate --- diesel --- triacylglycerides --- drop-in fuel --- draw solution --- subcritical methanol --- free fatty acids --- Rhus typhina biodiesel --- sewage sludge --- alternative fuel --- vacuum --- intake temperature --- Physico-chemical properties --- bioethanol --- energy yield --- tert-butylhydroquinone --- non-edible oil --- biomass --- nano-catalysts --- Fatty Acid Methyl Ester --- bioenergy --- direct carbon fuel cell --- viscosity --- FAME yield --- reaction kinetics --- gasification --- operating conditions --- injection strategies --- instar --- butylated hydroxyanisole --- torrefaction --- nanomagnetic catalyst --- fatty acid methyl esters --- crude glycerol --- renewable energy --- pyrolysis --- glycerol carbonate --- single-pellet combustion --- biodiesel production --- nanotechnology --- microwave irradiation --- pressure-retarded osmosis --- black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) --- technology development --- concentration polarization --- waste --- nano-additives --- bio-jet fuel --- kinetic study --- thermogravimetric analysis --- rubber seed oil --- combustion --- potato peels --- power generation --- response surface --- biochar --- lipid --- organic wastes --- extrusion --- co-combustion --- biomass pretreatment --- microwave --- hardwood --- Rancimat method --- anaerobic treatment --- post-treatment --- fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) --- biogas --- GCI --- compression ratio --- membrane fouling --- environment --- rice straw --- pretreatment --- free fatty acid --- palm oil mill effluent --- acclimatization --- Box-Behnken design

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This Special Issue, consisting of 14 papers, presents the latest findings concerning both numerical and experimental investigations. Their aim is to achieve a reduction in pollutant emissions, as well as an improvement in fuel economy and performance, for internal combustion engines. This will provide readers with a comprehensive, unbiased, and scientifically sound overview of the most recent research and technological developments in this field. More specific topics include: 3D CFD detailed analysis of the fuel injection, combustion and exhaust aftertreatments processes, 1D and 0D, semi-empirical, neural network-based control-oriented models, experimental analysis and the optimization of both conventional and innovative combustion processes.

homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) --- exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) --- dual-fuel --- dimethyl ether (DME) --- exhaust emission --- co-combustion --- dual fuel --- combustion stability --- coefficient of variation of IMEP --- probability density of IMEP --- 0D model --- predictive model --- tumble --- turbulent intensity --- spark-ignition engine --- engine geometry --- AdBlue® injection --- large eddy simulation --- Eulerian–Lagrangian approach --- thermal decomposition --- wall–film formation --- conversion efficiency --- hybrid electric vehicle --- real driving emissions --- fuel consumption --- vehicle performance --- electric supercharger --- Lambda-1 engine --- 48 V Mild Hybrid --- electrically assisted turbocharger --- variable geometry turbocharger-exhaust gas recirculation --- oxygen concentration --- active disturbance rejection control --- model-based --- control --- diesel engine --- ANN --- physics-based model --- semi-empirical model --- CNG --- diesel fuel --- dual fuel engine --- rate of heat release --- ignition delay --- burn duration --- exhaust gas emission --- camless --- electromagnetic variable valve train --- magnetorheological buffer --- soft landing --- solenoid injectors --- indirect-acting piezoelectric injectors --- direct-acting piezoelectric injectors --- engine-out emissions --- combustion noise --- diesel engines --- pollutant emission reduction --- mixing process --- advanced injection strategy --- varying injection rate --- engine torque estimation --- GDI engines --- extended state observer --- online performance --- torque --- nitrogen oxide emissions --- model-based control --- engines --- numerical simulation --- pollutant emissions prediction --- computational fluid dynamics