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This book includes 13 papers published in Special Issue ("Visual and Camera Sensors") of the journal Sensors. The goal of this Special Issue was to invite high-quality, state-of-the-art research papers dealing with challenging issues in visual and camera sensors.

self-assembly device --- 3D point clouds --- accuracy analysis --- VSLAM-photogrammetric algorithm --- portable mobile mapping system --- low-cost device --- BIM --- camera calibration --- DLT --- PnP --- weighted DLT --- uncertainty --- covariance --- robustness --- visual-inertial --- semi-direct SLAM --- multi-sensor fusion --- side-rear-view monitoring system --- automatic online calibration --- Hough-space --- unmanned aerial vehicle --- autonomous landing --- deep-learning-based motion deblurring and marker detection --- network slimming --- pruning model --- convolutional neural network --- convolutional filter --- classification --- multimodal human recognition --- blur image restoration --- DeblurGAN --- CNN --- facial expression recognition system --- computer vision --- multi-scale featured local binary pattern --- unsharp masking --- machine learning --- lens distortion --- DoF-dependent --- distortion partition --- vision measurement --- pathological site classification --- in vivo endoscopy --- computer-aided diagnosis --- artificial intelligence --- ensemble learning --- convolutional auto-encoders --- local image patch --- point pair feature --- plank recognition --- robotic grasping --- flying object detection --- drone --- image processing --- camera networks --- open-pit mine slope monitoring --- optimum deployment --- close range photogrammetry --- three-dimensional reconstruction --- OCD4M

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In the past, when elements in sructures were composed of perishable materials, such as wood, the maintenance of houses, bridges, etc., was considered of vital importance for their safe use and to preserve their efficiency. With the advent of materials such as reinforced concrete and steel, given their relatively long useful life, periodic and constant maintenance has often been considered a secondary concern. When it was realized that even for structures fabricated with these materials that the useful life has an end and that it was being approached, planning maintenance became an important and non-negligible aspect. Thus, the concept of structural health monitoring (SHM) was introduced, designed, and implemented as a multidisciplinary method. Computational mechanics, static and dynamic analysis of structures, electronics, sensors, and, recently, the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) are required, but it is also important to consider new materials, especially those with intrinsic self-diagnosis characteristics, and to use measurement and survey methods typical of modern geomatics, such as satellite surveys and highly sophisticated laser tools.

Medicine --- structural health monitoring --- jointless bridge --- high-speed railway --- bearing --- expansion device --- displacement analysis --- structural reliability estimation --- modal identification --- finite element model updating --- cyber-physical systems --- crowdsourcing --- temperature effects --- time-lag effect --- Fourier series expansion --- box-girder bridges --- structural engineering --- overall deformation monitoring --- perspective transformation --- edge detection --- close-range photogrammetry --- railway embankment --- condition assessment --- ground penetrating radar --- multi-attribute utility theory --- laser scanner --- line scanner --- structure monitoring --- deformation --- dynamic measurements --- scan-to-BIM --- point cloud --- HBIM --- FEM --- Rhinoceros --- terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) --- ground-based real aperture radar (GB-RAR) --- vibration frequency --- spectral analysis --- displacement --- structural health monitoring (SHM) --- vibration-based damage detection --- system identification --- subspace system identification (SSI) --- tie rod --- natural frequencies --- mode shapes --- root-mean-square error (RMSE) --- environmental monitoring --- long-range mapping --- MMS --- sub-millimetric EDM geodetic techniques --- damage detection --- damage localization --- hybrid approach --- neural network --- timber bridges --- stress-laminated timber decks --- monitoring --- humidity-temperature sensors --- wood moisture content --- multi-phase models --- finite element method --- moving load identification --- strain influence line --- load transverse distribution --- strain integral coefficient --- identification error --- structural health monitoring --- jointless bridge --- high-speed railway --- bearing --- expansion device --- displacement analysis --- structural reliability estimation --- modal identification --- finite element model updating --- cyber-physical systems --- crowdsourcing --- temperature effects --- time-lag effect --- Fourier series expansion --- box-girder bridges --- structural engineering --- overall deformation monitoring --- perspective transformation --- edge detection --- close-range photogrammetry --- railway embankment --- condition assessment --- ground penetrating radar --- multi-attribute utility theory --- laser scanner --- line scanner --- structure monitoring --- deformation --- dynamic measurements --- scan-to-BIM --- point cloud --- HBIM --- FEM --- Rhinoceros --- terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) --- ground-based real aperture radar (GB-RAR) --- vibration frequency --- spectral analysis --- displacement --- structural health monitoring (SHM) --- vibration-based damage detection --- system identification --- subspace system identification (SSI) --- tie rod --- natural frequencies --- mode shapes --- root-mean-square error (RMSE) --- environmental monitoring --- long-range mapping --- MMS --- sub-millimetric EDM geodetic techniques --- damage detection --- damage localization --- hybrid approach --- neural network --- timber bridges --- stress-laminated timber decks --- monitoring --- humidity-temperature sensors --- wood moisture content --- multi-phase models --- finite element method --- moving load identification --- strain influence line --- load transverse distribution --- strain integral coefficient --- identification error

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This book was proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this editorial relate to different aspects of testing of different materials and elements in civil engineering, from building materials to building structures. The current trend in the development of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in concrete elements and structures, and acoustic methods predominate in this field. As in medicine, the trend is towards designing test equipment that allows one to obtain a picture of the inside of the tested element and materials. Interesting results with significance for building practices were obtained.

Technology. --- rock bolt --- grouting quality --- dynamic response --- natural frequency --- finite element method --- monitoring --- historical masonry wall --- hygrothermal processes --- internal insulation --- testing of building materials --- test uncertainty --- validation of test methods --- sustainable test methods --- recycling --- foamed asphalt mixtures with cement (FAC) --- base layer --- reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) --- fatigue durability --- GFRP --- FRP reinforcement --- shear --- capacity --- reinforced concrete beams --- column --- stiffness --- FRCM --- PBO mesh --- PBO–FRCM --- carpentry joints --- scarf and splice joints --- stop-splayed scarf joints (‘bolt of lightning’) --- static behaviour --- experimental research --- concrete --- non-destructive testing --- ultrasounds --- ultrasonic tomography --- acoustic methods --- defects --- diagnostic --- detection --- convolutional neural networks --- transfer learning --- monitoring FBG --- power transmission tower --- civil engineering --- X-ray microtomography --- microstructure characteristics --- infiltration damage --- high-strength concrete --- steel fibres --- flexural tensile strength --- fracture energy --- numerical analysis --- concrete floors --- compressive strength --- strength distribution --- industrial floors --- ultrasound tests --- ventilated facades --- large-scale facade model --- fire safety --- fiber cement board --- large-slab ceramic tile --- plasterboards --- moisture content --- hydration processes --- mechanical properties --- ultrasound measurements --- ESD resin --- expansion joint --- quasi-plastic material --- energy absorption --- asphalt mix --- compaction index --- volumetric parameters --- stiffness modulus --- moisture resistance --- roughness --- texture --- close-range photogrammetry --- bond strength --- random field generation --- semivariograms --- hybrid truss bridge --- steel–concrete connection joint --- mechanical behavior --- failure mode --- strain --- static test --- static elastic modulus --- dynamic elastic modulus --- machine learning --- P-wave --- S-wave --- resonance frequency test --- nondestructive method --- Al–Ti laminate --- fracture --- acoustic emission diagnostic --- pattern recognition --- clustering AE signal --- storage systems --- tab connector --- flexural test --- capable design moment --- restrained ring test --- autogenous shrinkage cracking --- concrete cracking test --- concrete shrinkage cracking test --- restrined ring calibration --- cement–fiber boards --- acoustic emission method --- k-means algorithm --- wavelet analysis --- fiber composites --- ground penetrating radar (GPR) --- HMA dielectric constant --- road pavement thickness estimation --- early age concrete --- damage processes detection before loading --- strength of structures --- aggregate --- classification --- wire mesh --- roundness --- tilting angle --- opening size --- concrete centrifugation --- morphology --- image processing --- porosity --- cement --- waste paper sludge ash (WPSA) --- controlled low-strength material (CLSM) --- unconfined compressive strength --- bearing capacity --- backfill material --- P-wave velocity --- amplitude attenuation --- resistivity --- CT scan --- sandstone --- damage variable --- nuclear magnetic resonance --- spin-lattice relaxometry --- proton --- hydration kinetics --- superplasticizer --- ready-mixed concrete --- construction material --- quality assessment --- conformity criteria --- statistical-fuzzy method --- FRTP --- rivet --- connection --- polyethylene pipe --- mechanical properties of polyethylene --- resistance strain --- computer simulation --- residual shear stress --- particle crushing --- ring shear test --- particle flow code (PFC2D) --- frictional work --- fibre-reinforced concrete --- recycled steel fibres --- micro-computed tomography --- scanning electron microscopy --- tensile strength --- reinforced concrete --- diagnostic testing --- corrosion --- carbonation --- galvanostatic pulse method --- phase composition analysis --- X-ray analysis --- thermal analysis --- quasi-brittle cement composites --- low-module polypropylene fibres --- elastic range --- digital image correlation --- Arcan shear test --- wood --- orthotropic shear modulus --- elastic-plastic material --- shear wave velocity --- sand --- bender elements test --- grain-size characteristics --- complex modulus --- shrinkage analysis --- reclaimed asphalt --- mineral–cement emulsion mixtures --- cement dusty by-products (UCPPs) --- degradation of glass panels --- effective area ratio --- relative mass loss --- visible light transmittance --- windblown sand --- wood-plastic composites --- methods of testing resistance to fungi --- methods of assessment --- ground-penetrating radar (GPR) --- non-destructive techniques (NDT) --- corrosion of reinforcement --- slip resistance --- granite floor --- slip resistance value --- ramp test --- acceptance angle --- sliding friction coefficient --- comparability of test methods --- wall temperature --- fibre bragg grating sensors --- freeze-thaw cycles --- signal analysis --- short-time Fourier transform --- fast Fourier transform --- brine --- sodium chloride --- X-ray --- partition walls --- brick walls --- bending strength --- cracking --- post-tension --- cable --- girder --- destructive test --- non-destructive test --- structural health monitoring --- safety --- monitoring fibre Bragg grating --- mining areas --- strain/stress distribution --- geopolymer concrete --- fly-ash --- bottom-ash --- neural network --- sustainability --- industrial waste management --- flexural strength --- cladding --- AE acoustic emission --- micro-events --- sound spectrum --- traditional and quasi-brittle cement composites --- residual-state creep --- saturation front --- landslides --- erosional stability --- laboratory testing --- grout mixtures --- groundwater --- test apparatus --- testing --- building materials --- elements

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• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book was proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this editorial relate to different aspects of testing of different materials and elements in civil engineering, from building materials to building structures. The current trend in the development of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in concrete elements and structures, and acoustic methods predominate in this field. As in medicine, the trend is towards designing test equipment that allows one to obtain a picture of the inside of the tested element and materials. Interesting results with significance for building practices were obtained.

Technology. --- rock bolt --- grouting quality --- dynamic response --- natural frequency --- finite element method --- monitoring --- historical masonry wall --- hygrothermal processes --- internal insulation --- testing of building materials --- test uncertainty --- validation of test methods --- sustainable test methods --- recycling --- foamed asphalt mixtures with cement (FAC) --- base layer --- reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) --- fatigue durability --- GFRP --- FRP reinforcement --- shear --- capacity --- reinforced concrete beams --- column --- stiffness --- FRCM --- PBO mesh --- PBO–FRCM --- carpentry joints --- scarf and splice joints --- stop-splayed scarf joints (‘bolt of lightning’) --- static behaviour --- experimental research --- concrete --- non-destructive testing --- ultrasounds --- ultrasonic tomography --- acoustic methods --- defects --- diagnostic --- detection --- convolutional neural networks --- transfer learning --- monitoring FBG --- power transmission tower --- civil engineering --- X-ray microtomography --- microstructure characteristics --- infiltration damage --- high-strength concrete --- steel fibres --- flexural tensile strength --- fracture energy --- numerical analysis --- concrete floors --- compressive strength --- strength distribution --- industrial floors --- ultrasound tests --- ventilated facades --- large-scale facade model --- fire safety --- fiber cement board --- large-slab ceramic tile --- plasterboards --- moisture content --- hydration processes --- mechanical properties --- ultrasound measurements --- ESD resin --- expansion joint --- quasi-plastic material --- energy absorption --- asphalt mix --- compaction index --- volumetric parameters --- stiffness modulus --- moisture resistance --- roughness --- texture --- close-range photogrammetry --- bond strength --- random field generation --- semivariograms --- hybrid truss bridge --- steel–concrete connection joint --- mechanical behavior --- failure mode --- strain --- static test --- static elastic modulus --- dynamic elastic modulus --- machine learning --- P-wave --- S-wave --- resonance frequency test --- nondestructive method --- Al–Ti laminate --- fracture --- acoustic emission diagnostic --- pattern recognition --- clustering AE signal --- storage systems --- tab connector --- flexural test --- capable design moment --- restrained ring test --- autogenous shrinkage cracking --- concrete cracking test --- concrete shrinkage cracking test --- restrined ring calibration --- cement–fiber boards --- acoustic emission method --- k-means algorithm --- wavelet analysis --- fiber composites --- ground penetrating radar (GPR) --- HMA dielectric constant --- road pavement thickness estimation --- early age concrete --- damage processes detection before loading --- strength of structures --- aggregate --- classification --- wire mesh --- roundness --- tilting angle --- opening size --- concrete centrifugation --- morphology --- image processing --- porosity --- cement --- waste paper sludge ash (WPSA) --- controlled low-strength material (CLSM) --- unconfined compressive strength --- bearing capacity --- backfill material --- P-wave velocity --- amplitude attenuation --- resistivity --- CT scan --- sandstone --- damage variable --- nuclear magnetic resonance --- spin-lattice relaxometry --- proton --- hydration kinetics --- superplasticizer --- ready-mixed concrete --- construction material --- quality assessment --- conformity criteria --- statistical-fuzzy method --- FRTP --- rivet --- connection --- polyethylene pipe --- mechanical properties of polyethylene --- resistance strain --- computer simulation --- residual shear stress --- particle crushing --- ring shear test --- particle flow code (PFC2D) --- frictional work --- fibre-reinforced concrete --- recycled steel fibres --- micro-computed tomography --- scanning electron microscopy --- tensile strength --- reinforced concrete --- diagnostic testing --- corrosion --- carbonation --- galvanostatic pulse method --- phase composition analysis --- X-ray analysis --- thermal analysis --- quasi-brittle cement composites --- low-module polypropylene fibres --- elastic range --- digital image correlation --- Arcan shear test --- wood --- orthotropic shear modulus --- elastic-plastic material --- shear wave velocity --- sand --- bender elements test --- grain-size characteristics --- complex modulus --- shrinkage analysis --- reclaimed asphalt --- mineral–cement emulsion mixtures --- cement dusty by-products (UCPPs) --- degradation of glass panels --- effective area ratio --- relative mass loss --- visible light transmittance --- windblown sand --- wood-plastic composites --- methods of testing resistance to fungi --- methods of assessment --- ground-penetrating radar (GPR) --- non-destructive techniques (NDT) --- corrosion of reinforcement --- slip resistance --- granite floor --- slip resistance value --- ramp test --- acceptance angle --- sliding friction coefficient --- comparability of test methods --- wall temperature --- fibre bragg grating sensors --- freeze-thaw cycles --- signal analysis --- short-time Fourier transform --- fast Fourier transform --- brine --- sodium chloride --- X-ray --- partition walls --- brick walls --- bending strength --- cracking --- post-tension --- cable --- girder --- destructive test --- non-destructive test --- structural health monitoring --- safety --- monitoring fibre Bragg grating --- mining areas --- strain/stress distribution --- geopolymer concrete --- fly-ash --- bottom-ash --- neural network --- sustainability --- industrial waste management --- flexural strength --- cladding --- AE acoustic emission --- micro-events --- sound spectrum --- traditional and quasi-brittle cement composites --- residual-state creep --- saturation front --- landslides --- erosional stability --- laboratory testing --- grout mixtures --- groundwater --- test apparatus --- testing --- building materials --- elements

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book was proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this editorial relate to different aspects of testing of different materials and elements in civil engineering, from building materials to building structures. The current trend in the development of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in concrete elements and structures, and acoustic methods predominate in this field. As in medicine, the trend is towards designing test equipment that allows one to obtain a picture of the inside of the tested element and materials. Interesting results with significance for building practices were obtained.

Technology. --- rock bolt --- grouting quality --- dynamic response --- natural frequency --- finite element method --- monitoring --- historical masonry wall --- hygrothermal processes --- internal insulation --- testing of building materials --- test uncertainty --- validation of test methods --- sustainable test methods --- recycling --- foamed asphalt mixtures with cement (FAC) --- base layer --- reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) --- fatigue durability --- GFRP --- FRP reinforcement --- shear --- capacity --- reinforced concrete beams --- column --- stiffness --- FRCM --- PBO mesh --- PBO–FRCM --- carpentry joints --- scarf and splice joints --- stop-splayed scarf joints (‘bolt of lightning’) --- static behaviour --- experimental research --- concrete --- non-destructive testing --- ultrasounds --- ultrasonic tomography --- acoustic methods --- defects --- diagnostic --- detection --- convolutional neural networks --- transfer learning --- monitoring FBG --- power transmission tower --- civil engineering --- X-ray microtomography --- microstructure characteristics --- infiltration damage --- high-strength concrete --- steel fibres --- flexural tensile strength --- fracture energy --- numerical analysis --- concrete floors --- compressive strength --- strength distribution --- industrial floors --- ultrasound tests --- ventilated facades --- large-scale facade model --- fire safety --- fiber cement board --- large-slab ceramic tile --- plasterboards --- moisture content --- hydration processes --- mechanical properties --- ultrasound measurements --- ESD resin --- expansion joint --- quasi-plastic material --- energy absorption --- asphalt mix --- compaction index --- volumetric parameters --- stiffness modulus --- moisture resistance --- roughness --- texture --- close-range photogrammetry --- bond strength --- random field generation --- semivariograms --- hybrid truss bridge --- steel–concrete connection joint --- mechanical behavior --- failure mode --- strain --- static test --- static elastic modulus --- dynamic elastic modulus --- machine learning --- P-wave --- S-wave --- resonance frequency test --- nondestructive method --- Al–Ti laminate --- fracture --- acoustic emission diagnostic --- pattern recognition --- clustering AE signal --- storage systems --- tab connector --- flexural test --- capable design moment --- restrained ring test --- autogenous shrinkage cracking --- concrete cracking test --- concrete shrinkage cracking test --- restrined ring calibration --- cement–fiber boards --- acoustic emission method --- k-means algorithm --- wavelet analysis --- fiber composites --- ground penetrating radar (GPR) --- HMA dielectric constant --- road pavement thickness estimation --- early age concrete --- damage processes detection before loading --- strength of structures --- aggregate --- classification --- wire mesh --- roundness --- tilting angle --- opening size --- concrete centrifugation --- morphology --- image processing --- porosity --- cement --- waste paper sludge ash (WPSA) --- controlled low-strength material (CLSM) --- unconfined compressive strength --- bearing capacity --- backfill material --- P-wave velocity --- amplitude attenuation --- resistivity --- CT scan --- sandstone --- damage variable --- nuclear magnetic resonance --- spin-lattice relaxometry --- proton --- hydration kinetics --- superplasticizer --- ready-mixed concrete --- construction material --- quality assessment --- conformity criteria --- statistical-fuzzy method --- FRTP --- rivet --- connection --- polyethylene pipe --- mechanical properties of polyethylene --- resistance strain --- computer simulation --- residual shear stress --- particle crushing --- ring shear test --- particle flow code (PFC2D) --- frictional work --- fibre-reinforced concrete --- recycled steel fibres --- micro-computed tomography --- scanning electron microscopy --- tensile strength --- reinforced concrete --- diagnostic testing --- corrosion --- carbonation --- galvanostatic pulse method --- phase composition analysis --- X-ray analysis --- thermal analysis --- quasi-brittle cement composites --- low-module polypropylene fibres --- elastic range --- digital image correlation --- Arcan shear test --- wood --- orthotropic shear modulus --- elastic-plastic material --- shear wave velocity --- sand --- bender elements test --- grain-size characteristics --- complex modulus --- shrinkage analysis --- reclaimed asphalt --- mineral–cement emulsion mixtures --- cement dusty by-products (UCPPs) --- degradation of glass panels --- effective area ratio --- relative mass loss --- visible light transmittance --- windblown sand --- wood-plastic composites --- methods of testing resistance to fungi --- methods of assessment --- ground-penetrating radar (GPR) --- non-destructive techniques (NDT) --- corrosion of reinforcement --- slip resistance --- granite floor --- slip resistance value --- ramp test --- acceptance angle --- sliding friction coefficient --- comparability of test methods --- wall temperature --- fibre bragg grating sensors --- freeze-thaw cycles --- signal analysis --- short-time Fourier transform --- fast Fourier transform --- brine --- sodium chloride --- X-ray --- partition walls --- brick walls --- bending strength --- cracking --- post-tension --- cable --- girder --- destructive test --- non-destructive test --- structural health monitoring --- safety --- monitoring fibre Bragg grating --- mining areas --- strain/stress distribution --- geopolymer concrete --- fly-ash --- bottom-ash --- neural network --- sustainability --- industrial waste management --- flexural strength --- cladding --- AE acoustic emission --- micro-events --- sound spectrum --- traditional and quasi-brittle cement composites --- residual-state creep --- saturation front --- landslides --- erosional stability --- laboratory testing --- grout mixtures --- groundwater --- test apparatus --- testing --- building materials --- elements --- rock bolt --- grouting quality --- dynamic response --- natural frequency --- finite element method --- monitoring --- historical masonry wall --- hygrothermal processes --- internal insulation --- testing of building materials --- test uncertainty --- validation of test methods --- sustainable test methods --- recycling --- foamed asphalt mixtures with cement (FAC) --- base layer --- reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) --- fatigue durability --- GFRP --- FRP reinforcement --- shear --- capacity --- reinforced concrete beams --- column --- stiffness --- FRCM --- PBO mesh --- PBO–FRCM --- carpentry joints --- scarf and splice joints --- stop-splayed scarf joints (‘bolt of lightning’) --- static behaviour --- experimental research --- concrete --- non-destructive testing --- ultrasounds --- ultrasonic tomography --- acoustic methods --- defects --- diagnostic --- detection --- convolutional neural networks --- transfer learning --- monitoring FBG --- power transmission tower --- civil engineering --- X-ray microtomography --- microstructure characteristics --- infiltration damage --- high-strength concrete --- steel fibres --- flexural tensile strength --- fracture energy --- numerical analysis --- concrete floors --- compressive strength --- strength distribution --- industrial floors --- ultrasound tests --- ventilated facades --- large-scale facade model --- fire safety --- fiber cement board --- large-slab ceramic tile --- plasterboards --- moisture content --- hydration processes --- mechanical properties --- ultrasound measurements --- ESD resin --- expansion joint --- quasi-plastic material --- energy absorption --- asphalt mix --- compaction index --- volumetric parameters --- stiffness modulus --- moisture resistance --- roughness --- texture --- close-range photogrammetry --- bond strength --- random field generation --- semivariograms --- hybrid truss bridge --- steel–concrete connection joint --- mechanical behavior --- failure mode --- strain --- static test --- static elastic modulus --- dynamic elastic modulus --- machine learning --- P-wave --- S-wave --- resonance frequency test --- nondestructive method --- Al–Ti laminate --- fracture --- acoustic emission diagnostic --- pattern recognition --- clustering AE signal --- storage systems --- tab connector --- flexural test --- capable design moment --- restrained ring test --- autogenous shrinkage cracking --- concrete cracking test --- concrete shrinkage cracking test --- restrined ring calibration --- cement–fiber boards --- acoustic emission method --- k-means algorithm --- wavelet analysis --- fiber composites --- ground penetrating radar (GPR) --- HMA dielectric constant --- road pavement thickness estimation --- early age concrete --- damage processes detection before loading --- strength of structures --- aggregate --- classification --- wire mesh --- roundness --- tilting angle --- opening size --- concrete centrifugation --- morphology --- image processing --- porosity --- cement --- waste paper sludge ash (WPSA) --- controlled low-strength material (CLSM) --- unconfined compressive strength --- bearing capacity --- backfill material --- P-wave velocity --- amplitude attenuation --- resistivity --- CT scan --- sandstone --- damage variable --- nuclear magnetic resonance --- spin-lattice relaxometry --- proton --- hydration kinetics --- superplasticizer --- ready-mixed concrete --- construction material --- quality assessment --- conformity criteria --- statistical-fuzzy method --- FRTP --- rivet --- connection --- polyethylene pipe --- mechanical properties of polyethylene --- resistance strain --- computer simulation --- residual shear stress --- particle crushing --- ring shear test --- particle flow code (PFC2D) --- frictional work --- fibre-reinforced concrete --- recycled steel fibres --- micro-computed tomography --- scanning electron microscopy --- tensile strength --- reinforced concrete --- diagnostic testing --- corrosion --- carbonation --- galvanostatic pulse method --- phase composition analysis --- X-ray analysis --- thermal analysis --- quasi-brittle cement composites --- low-module polypropylene fibres --- elastic range --- digital image correlation --- Arcan shear test --- wood --- orthotropic shear modulus --- elastic-plastic material --- shear wave velocity --- sand --- bender elements test --- grain-size characteristics --- complex modulus --- shrinkage analysis --- reclaimed asphalt --- mineral–cement emulsion mixtures --- cement dusty by-products (UCPPs) --- degradation of glass panels --- effective area ratio --- relative mass loss --- visible light transmittance --- windblown sand --- wood-plastic composites --- methods of testing resistance to fungi --- methods of assessment --- ground-penetrating radar (GPR) --- non-destructive techniques (NDT) --- corrosion of reinforcement --- slip resistance --- granite floor --- slip resistance value --- ramp test --- acceptance angle --- sliding friction coefficient --- comparability of test methods --- wall temperature --- fibre bragg grating sensors --- freeze-thaw cycles --- signal analysis --- short-time Fourier transform --- fast Fourier transform --- brine --- sodium chloride --- X-ray --- partition walls --- brick walls --- bending strength --- cracking --- post-tension --- cable --- girder --- destructive test --- non-destructive test --- structural health monitoring --- safety --- monitoring fibre Bragg grating --- mining areas --- strain/stress distribution --- geopolymer concrete --- fly-ash --- bottom-ash --- neural network --- sustainability --- industrial waste management --- flexural strength --- cladding --- AE acoustic emission --- micro-events --- sound spectrum --- traditional and quasi-brittle cement composites --- residual-state creep --- saturation front --- landslides --- erosional stability --- laboratory testing --- grout mixtures --- groundwater --- test apparatus --- testing --- building materials --- elements