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This book will cover topics related to the preparation and use of heterogeneous catalytic systems for the transformation of renewable sources, as well as of materials deriving from agro-industrial wastes and by-products. At the same time, the ever-increasing importance of bioproducts, due to the acceptance and request of consumers, makes the upgrade of biomass into chemicals and materials not only an environmental issue, but also an economical advantage.

isoselenourea --- malignant --- chemotherapeutics --- epigenetics --- antitumor activity --- methylseleninic acid --- mTOR inhibitors --- tumor heterogeneity --- hypoxia --- ER stress --- melanoma --- EMT --- lipid peroxidation --- immune evasion --- hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) --- selenium-binding protein 1 --- glutathione --- DNA damage --- hSP56 --- apoptosis --- tocopherol --- anticancer --- viability --- SELENBP1 --- selenium --- clear-cell renal cell carcinoma microRNAs --- SBP1 --- entosis --- PD-L1 --- miRNA --- cancer stem cells --- cell plasticity --- disease --- clear cell renal cell carcinoma --- HIF --- head and neck cancer --- selenium species --- VEGF --- STAT3 --- hypoxia-inducible factor --- methylselenocysteine --- anticancer agent --- Se-containing nanoparticles --- DNA damage and repair --- radiation --- seleno-l-methionine --- cancer --- tumor microenvironment --- methylselenoesters

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This Special Issue of Cancers focuses on new advances in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma, both surgical and pharmacological (and combinations of these), and novel approaches to tackle treatment resistance and improve our understanding of this phenomenon.

renal cell carcinoma --- autophagy --- hydroxychloroquine --- chloroquine --- ROC-325 --- cysteine cathepsins --- cysteine cathepsin inhibitors --- lysosome --- renal cancer --- metastatic renal cell carcinoma --- immune-based combination therapies --- network meta-analysis --- PD-L1 --- predictive --- biomarker --- treatment --- TKIs --- mRCC --- biomarkers --- soluble factors --- immunotherapy --- renal cell carcinoma (RCC) --- sunitib resistance --- artesunate (ART) --- Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) --- growth inhibition --- ferroptosis --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- clear cell renal cell carcinoma --- ccRCC --- RCC --- kidney cancer --- evolution --- evolutionary trajectory --- metastatic --- second line therapy --- renal cell cancer --- immune checkpoint inhibitors --- tyrosine kinase inhibitors --- individualization --- genomic signature --- transcriptomic analysis

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Surgical and medical oncologists have been unable to decrease renal cell carcinoma mortality for uncertain reasons, although a lot of progress has been made in diagnosis and imaging, recognition of different genetic and pathological entities, management of localized disease and in the research on new drug treatments for advanced stages of the disease, potentially combined with surgery. The purpose of this book, which tackles a number of separate interesting topics, is to provide further insight into the disease and the management of early and advanced renal cell carcinoma. The volume is divided into different parts; the first part covers the characterization of renal masses and the second part covers rare distinct pathological entity. In the management section, active surveillance, partial nephrectomy and radiofrequency ablation are presented. A separate chapter reviews the management of Von Hippel Lindau disease, and finally, conventional and aberrant signaling pathways are explored.

Oncology. --- Carcinoma, Renal Cell. --- Tumors --- Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney --- Adenocarcinoma, Renal --- Chromophil Renal Cell Carcinoma --- Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma --- Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma --- Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma --- Collecting Duct Carcinoma --- Collecting Duct Carcinoma (Kidney) --- Collecting Duct Carcinoma of the Kidney --- Nephroid Carcinoma --- Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma --- Renal Cell Cancer --- Renal Cell Carcinoma --- Renal Cell Carcinoma, Papillary --- Renal Collecting Duct Carcinoma --- Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma --- Adenocarcinoma, Renal Cell --- Carcinoma, Hypernephroid --- Grawitz Tumor --- Hypernephroma --- Renal Carcinoma --- Adenocarcinoma Of Kidneys --- Adenocarcinomas, Renal Cell --- Cancer, Renal Cell --- Carcinoma, Collecting Duct --- Carcinoma, Collecting Duct (Kidney) --- Carcinoma, Nephroid --- Carcinoma, Renal --- Carcinomas, Collecting Duct --- Carcinomas, Collecting Duct (Kidney) --- Carcinomas, Renal Cell --- Collecting Duct Carcinomas --- Collecting Duct Carcinomas (Kidney) --- Hypernephroid Carcinoma --- Hypernephroid Carcinomas --- Hypernephromas --- Kidney, Adenocarcinoma Of --- Nephroid Carcinomas --- Renal Adenocarcinoma --- Renal Adenocarcinomas --- Renal Carcinomas --- Renal Cell Adenocarcinoma --- Renal Cell Adenocarcinomas --- Renal Cell Cancers --- Renal Cell Carcinomas --- Tumor, Grawitz --- Oncology

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Renal cancer is a health problem of major concern worldwide. Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune check-point blockade treatments, alone or in combination, are giving promising results, failures are quite frequent due to intratumor heterogeneity and to the acquisition of drug resistance. The spectrum of renal cell carcinoma subtypes is wide. Up to 70–80% of renal tumors are clear cell renal cell carcinomas, a clinically aggressive tumor subtype linked to VHL gene inactivation. Next in frequency, the papillary renal cell carcinoma category encompasses an intricate puzzle of classic and newly described entities with poorly defined limits, some of them pending definite clarification. Likewise, the chromophobe–oncocytoma duality, the so-called hybrid tumors and oncocytic neoplasms, remain to be well profiled. Finally, a growing list of very uncommon renal tumors linked to specific molecular signatures fulfill the current portrait of renal cell neoplasia. This Special Issue of Cancers regards RCC from very different perspectives, from the intimate basic mechanisms governing this disease to the clinical practice principles of their diagnoses and treatments. The interested reader will have the opportunity to contact with some of the most recent findings and will be updated with excellent reviews.

Renal cell carcinoma. --- Kidneys --- Cancer. --- Adenocarcinoma of kidney --- Clear cell carcinoma --- Grawitz tumor --- Grawitz's tumor --- Hypernephroid carcinoma --- Hypernephroma --- Renal adenocarcinoma --- Renal cell adenocarcinoma --- Cancer --- N-glycomapping --- n/a --- SMAD proteins --- patient survival --- pro-IL-1? --- survival prediction --- inflammation markers --- tumor migration --- prognostic factors --- practical approach --- circular RNAs in a clinico-genomic predictive model --- glycomarkers --- review --- nephrectomy --- uric acid --- VEGF inhibitors --- metabolic reprogramming --- collecting duct carcinoma --- curcumin --- metabolome profiling --- identification of circular RNAs --- IL-2 --- experimental validation of circular RNA --- Raf/MEK/ERK --- HOT --- PI3K/Akt/mTOR --- pentose phosphate pathway --- kidney cancer --- LOT --- mutation --- RCC --- polybromo-1 --- pale cell --- MMP-9 --- gene expression --- recurrence free survival --- chromosomal loss --- IL-1? --- chronic kidney disease --- glutathione transferase omega 2 --- label-free --- glutathione transferase omega 1 --- emerging entity --- copy number alteration --- FOXO3 --- predictive role --- tumor slice culture --- tyrosine kinase inhibitors --- PPP --- ESC --- CDKN1A expression --- metastasis --- PD-L1 --- diagnostic and prognostic markers --- EVI1 --- copy number loss --- RNA sequencing --- NK cells --- glutathione metabolism --- clear cell renal cell carcinoma --- renal cell cancer --- proliferation --- eosinophilic variant --- Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma --- prognosis --- invasion --- immune infiltration --- IL4R? --- FISH --- 11) translocation renal cell carcinoma --- tumor microenvironment --- metabolome --- hyperosmolality --- toxicity --- ALK --- drug sensitivity --- t(6 --- copy number analysis --- urine --- genetic association --- polymorphism --- solute carrier proteins --- kidney --- metastatic ccRCC --- molecular genetic features --- recurrence-free survival --- chromophobe renal cell carcinoma --- unclassified renal tumor --- overall survival --- mTOR inhibitors --- mTOR --- JAK2 --- von Hippel–Lindau --- miR-155-5p --- glycoproteomics --- PBRM1 --- miR-133b --- survival --- TFE3 --- TFEB --- oncocytic renal tumor --- immune checkpoint inhibitors --- biomarker --- MMP10 --- TCGA --- ghrelin --- EMT like --- checkpoint inhibitors --- MiT family translocation renal cell carcinoma --- gene signature --- sarcomatoid --- transforming growth factor beta --- clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma --- tumor adhesion --- renal cancer --- unclassified renal cell carcinoma --- Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) --- miR-146a-5p --- renal cell --- everolimus --- integrins --- cytoreductive nephrectomy --- immunotherapy --- predictive factors --- immunohistochemistry --- MTA2 --- IL13R?1 --- targeted therapy --- intratumour heterogeneity --- aurora A --- TCA cycle --- AMP-activated protein kinases --- cancer-specific survival --- programmed death-ligand 1 --- efficacy --- renal cell carcinoma --- anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangement --- TFEB-amplified renal cell carcinoma --- statins --- cancer immunotherapy --- microRNA --- new entity --- proteome profiling --- von Hippel-Lindau

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Biomarkers are measures of a biological state. The treatment of individual patients based on particular factors, such as biomarkers, distinguishes standard, generalized treatment plans from personalized medicine. Even though personalized medicine is applicable to most branches of medicine, the field of oncology is perhaps where it is most easily employed. Cancer is a heterogeneous disease; although patients may be diagnosed histologically with the same cancer type, their tumors can comprise varying tumor microenvironments and molecular characteristics that can impact treatment response and prognosis. There has been a major drive over the past decade to try and realize personalized cancer medicine through the discovery and use of disease-specific biomarkers. This book, entitled “Cancer Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine”, encompasses 22 publications from colleagues working on a diverse range of cancers, including prostate, breast, ovarian, head and neck, liver, gastric, bladder, colorectal, and kidney. The biomarkers assessed in these studies include genes, intracellular or secreted proteins, exosomes, DNA, RNA, miRNA, circulating tumor cells, circulating immune cells, in addition to radiomic features.

Medicine --- Oncology --- clear cell renal cell carcinoma --- radiomics --- WHO/ISUP nuclear grade --- multiphasic multidetector computed tomography --- triple-negative breast cancer --- taxane --- chemotherapy --- GBP5 --- Akt/mTOR --- autophagy --- IL13Rα2 --- renal cell carcinoma --- JAK2 --- FOXO3 --- telmisartan --- ovarian cancer --- bioinformatics --- CREB1 --- drug perturbation --- lincRNA-p21 --- rectal cancer --- chemoradiotherapy --- colorectal cancer --- long non-coding RNA --- p53 --- predictive biomarker --- intestinal anastomosis --- anastomotic leak --- biomarkers --- precision medicine --- personalized medicine --- biomarker --- AmpliSeq --- DNA methylation --- epigenetics --- head and neck cancer --- saliva --- liquid biopsy --- meta-analysis --- gastric cancer --- middle-up-down --- haptoglobin --- glycopeptide --- mass spectrometry --- circulating tumor cells --- prostate cancer --- cancer vaccine --- immune response --- breast cancer --- predictive tools --- prognostic tools --- translational research --- IL6ST --- gp130 --- cytokine signalling --- tissue-based biomarkers --- liquid-based biomarkers --- radiotherapy --- radiosensitivity biomarkers --- secretome --- radioresistance --- bladder tumor --- lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio --- peripheral blood parameters --- tumor recurrence --- transurethral resection --- lipidomics --- 1H-NMR --- LC-MS/MS --- lipoprotein subfractions --- lipoprotein lipase --- cancer biomarkers --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- p16 expression --- head and neck squamous cell carcinoma --- HPV genotyping --- exosomes --- chemoresistance --- comparative oncology --- One Health --- microRNA --- lymph node metastasis --- hormone-dependent carcinogenesis --- localized prostate cancer --- prognostic factors --- HNSCC --- n/a