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Human evolution. --- Hygiene. --- Medical microbiology. --- Body care --- Cleanliness --- Human body --- Personal body care --- Personal cleanliness --- Personal hygiene --- Medicine, Preventive --- Health --- Sanitation --- Evolution (Biology) --- Physical anthropology --- Evolutionary psychology --- Human beings --- Care and hygiene --- Origin

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This report assesses the state of Armenia's sanitation services, which are in poor shape, and proposes ways forward for reforming the sector by: ensuring equitable access by all and identifying solutions that work for the poorest and most remote communities; generating economies of scale and scope, and reducing both investment and operational costs for the efficient delivery of sanitation services; and moving towards sustainable cost recovery for the sanitation sector, by identifying how much funding can be mobilised from within the sector and how much external transfers are required. The state of Armenia's sanitation services are inadequate, with 51% of the population in rural areas using unimproved facilities, causing direct damage to the environment and exposing inhabitants to health risks, and better access but degraded sewerage-system infrastructure in urban areas, posing health hazards due to potential cross-contamination between sewage and drinking water. According to preliminary estimates, EUR 2.6 billion of investments will be required to meet Armenia's sanitation needs, with approximately EUR 1 billion needing to be spent in the next 7 to 10 years. Given the country's current economic situation, this investment will have to be spread over time and targeted to avoid further deterioration of infrastructure and increase of the financing gap.

Sanitation --- Sanitation. --- Cleanliness --- House drainage --- Sanitary affairs --- Sanitation services --- Sanitation systems --- Environmental health --- Hygiene --- Public health --- Sanitary engineering --- Economic aspects.

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Architecture, Ancient --- Bathhouses --- Baths --- Civilization, Ancient --- Public baths --- History --- Baths, Public --- Public buildings --- Ancient civilization --- Cleanliness --- Hygiene --- Physical therapy --- Therapeutics, Physiological --- Bath houses --- Cabanas --- Archaeology --- Hammams

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This volume comprises fifteen articles on the differing functions that purity, impurity, pollution and related categories could fulfil in Asian and European religions and societies of the 3rd to 17th century c.E. They focus processes of religious demarcation and transfer.

Purity, Ritual. --- Ceremonial purity --- Clean and unclean --- Cleanliness, Ritual --- Purity, Ceremonial --- Ritual purity --- Rites and ceremonies --- Purity, ritual. --- Religion / reference. --- Chinese daoism. --- Religion. --- Pureté rituelle

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Sanitation. --- Drinking water --- Water-supply --- Purification of drinking water --- Cleanliness --- House drainage --- Sanitary affairs --- Sanitation services --- Sanitation systems --- Environmental health --- Hygiene --- Public health --- Sanitary engineering --- Purification. --- Developing countries.