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Brain diseases currently affect one in six people worldwide; they include a wide range of neurological diseases, from Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases to epilepsy, brain injuries, brain cancer, neuroinfections, and strokes. The treatment of these diseases is complex and limited due to the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which covers the entirety of the brain. The BBB not only has the function of protecting the brain from harmful substances; it is also a metabolic barrier and a transport regulator of nutrients/serum factors/neurotoxins. Knowing these characteristics when it comes to the treatment of brain diseases makes it easier to understand the lack of efficacy of therapeutic drugs, resulting from the innate resistance of the BBB to permeation. To overcome this limitation, drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology/microtechnology have been developed. Brain-targeted drug delivery enables targeted therapy with a higher therapeutic efficacy and fewer side effects because it targets moieties present in the drug delivery systems.

Technology: general issues --- drug delivery into the brain --- transendothelium based on receptor-mediated transcytosis --- immunotherapy --- Alzheimer’s disease --- anti-tau and anti-receptor bispecific monoclonal antibodies --- Alzheimer’s disease-relevant tau species --- temporal-spatial pathological Aβ and tau distribution --- interactions between Aβ and tau --- tau clearance in microglia --- tau clearance in neurons --- liposome --- nanoparticle --- seizure --- laser --- ultrasound --- naringenin --- nanostructured lipid carrier --- intranasal delivery --- central composite rotatable design --- depression --- pomegranate seed oil --- nasal delivery system --- memory impairment --- movement impairment --- delivery to brain --- improved memory --- phospholipid oily gel --- high-grade glioma --- diffuse midline glioma --- glioblastoma --- IL-13Rα2 --- IL-13 --- immunotoxin --- targeted therapy --- GB-13 --- IL13.E13K-PE4E --- receptor expression --- acetaminophen --- blood–brain barrier --- claudin-5 --- CNS drug delivery --- opioids --- tight junction --- microdialysis --- cerebral open flow microperfusion --- electrochemical biosensors --- macromolecules --- tolcapone --- microparticles --- nanoparticles --- PLGA --- Parkinson’s disease --- nose to brain delivery --- gene therapy --- polyplexes --- hyaluronidase --- glycol chitosan --- brain cancer --- chemoattractant --- CXCL --- CXCR --- glioblastoma multiforme --- 3D cell culture systems --- non-human primate --- convection-enhanced delivery --- neurosurgery --- optogenetics --- blood-brain barrier --- brain targeted therapy --- drug delivery --- cerebrospinal fluid microcirculation --- brain biodistribution --- n/a --- Alzheimer's disease --- Alzheimer's disease-relevant tau species --- Parkinson's disease

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For a long time, the tight junction (TJ) was known to form and regulate the paracellular barrier between epithelia and endothelial cell sheets. Starting shortly after the discovery of the proteins forming the TJ—mainly the two families of claudins and TAMPs—several other functions have been discovered, a striking one being the surprising finding that some claudins form paracellular channels for small ions and/or water. This Special Issue includes 43 articles covering numerous dedicated topics including pathogens affecting the TJ barrier, TJ regulation via immune cells, the TJ as a therapeutic target, TJ and cell polarity, function and regulation by proteins of the tricellular TJ, TJ as a regulator of cellular processes, organ- and tissue-specific functions, TJ as sensors and reacting to environmental conditions, and last but not least, TJ proteins and cancer.

Medicine --- tissue barrier --- tight junction --- claudins --- tricellulin --- tight junctions --- organ preservation --- intestine --- transplantation --- ischemia --- intestinal mucosa --- lung --- epithelia --- interleukin 13 --- UBE2Z --- ubiquitin --- osmolality --- hydrostatic pressure --- cancer --- sensor --- tricellular tight junctions --- endometrial cancer --- epithelial barrier dysfunction --- Claudin-7 --- permeability --- WNK4 --- epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), collecting duct cells --- claudin-1 --- hydrogen peroxide --- phosphorylation --- claudin --- angulin --- drug development --- angubindin-1 --- Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin --- Clostridium perfringens iota-toxin --- antibody --- Mz-ChA-1 cells --- biliary epithelial cells --- phosphatidylcholine --- mucus --- paracellular transport --- atopic dermatitis --- cytokines --- STAT3 --- ZO-2 --- cholestasis --- gene transcription --- hypertrophy --- tumor suppressor --- NLS --- NES --- CaSR --- RhoA --- barrier function --- paracellular permeability --- antidiuretic hormone --- Claudin-14 --- CLDN14 --- hearing loss --- vestibular function --- cochlear implantation --- Hepatitis C Virus --- viral entry --- epidermal barrier --- reconstructed human epidermis --- claudin targeting --- Campylobacter jejuni --- curcumin --- apoptosis --- co-culture --- mouse colon --- TNF --- NFκB --- lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) --- epithelial barrier --- cell–cell contact --- caspase --- kidney stones --- ion reabsorption --- quercetin --- brain barriers --- blood-brain barrier --- neurovascular unit --- blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier --- arachnoid barrier --- glia limitans --- adherens junctions --- paracellular sodium transport --- thick ascending limb --- nephropathy --- HELIX syndrome --- hypokalemia --- hypermagnesemia --- anhidrosis --- gland dysfunction --- aging --- blood–brain barrier --- mutations --- kidney --- liver --- skin --- human --- mice --- disease --- in silico --- drug discovery --- membrane proteins --- protein interactions --- molecular dynamics --- antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis --- Klebsiella oxytoca --- tight junction assembly --- monocytes --- celiac disease --- claudin-2 --- epithelium --- inflammation --- fibrosis --- proliferation --- migration --- tricellular tight junction --- paracellular water transport --- tight epithelium --- MDCK C7 cells --- cell growth --- endothelia --- adherens junction --- apical junctional complex --- AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) --- paracellular barrier --- protein structure --- protein domain --- occludin --- junctional adhesion molecule --- zonula occludens --- MAGUK proteins --- PDZ domain --- stem cell --- chemoresistance --- retinal pigment epithelium --- retinopathy --- barrier formation --- collecting duct --- claudin-5 --- neuropathic pain --- nerve injury --- dorsal root ganglion --- enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) --- tight junctions (TJ) --- polarity --- atypical aPKCζ --- transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) --- sorting nexin 9 (SNX9) --- EspF --- claudin 1 --- tumor --- metastasis --- epithelial to mesenchymal transition --- cerebral cavernous malformation --- endothelial barrier --- Rho --- ROCK --- MEKK3 --- ion transport --- ion channel --- super-resolution microscopy --- structured illumination microscopy --- stimulated emission depletion --- single molecule localization microscopy --- Claudin --- blood-biliary barrier --- chronic liver disease --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- cholangiocellular carcinoma --- NISCH syndrome --- repair --- NHE2 --- ClC-2 --- inflammatory bowel disease --- mucosal immunology --- ZO-1 --- actomyosin --- aquaporin --- drinking rate --- epithelial fluid transport --- enterocyte --- osmoregulation --- paracellular --- proximal tubule --- calcium permeability --- claudin-12 --- paracellular channels and barriers --- cell polarity --- pathogens --- immune cells --- environmental sensors

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For a long time, the tight junction (TJ) was known to form and regulate the paracellular barrier between epithelia and endothelial cell sheets. Starting shortly after the discovery of the proteins forming the TJ—mainly the two families of claudins and TAMPs—several other functions have been discovered, a striking one being the surprising finding that some claudins form paracellular channels for small ions and/or water. This Special Issue includes 43 articles covering numerous dedicated topics including pathogens affecting the TJ barrier, TJ regulation via immune cells, the TJ as a therapeutic target, TJ and cell polarity, function and regulation by proteins of the tricellular TJ, TJ as a regulator of cellular processes, organ- and tissue-specific functions, TJ as sensors and reacting to environmental conditions, and last but not least, TJ proteins and cancer.

tissue barrier --- tight junction --- claudins --- tricellulin --- tight junctions --- organ preservation --- intestine --- transplantation --- ischemia --- intestinal mucosa --- lung --- epithelia --- interleukin 13 --- UBE2Z --- ubiquitin --- osmolality --- hydrostatic pressure --- cancer --- sensor --- tricellular tight junctions --- endometrial cancer --- epithelial barrier dysfunction --- Claudin-7 --- permeability --- WNK4 --- epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), collecting duct cells --- claudin-1 --- hydrogen peroxide --- phosphorylation --- claudin --- angulin --- drug development --- angubindin-1 --- Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin --- Clostridium perfringens iota-toxin --- antibody --- Mz-ChA-1 cells --- biliary epithelial cells --- phosphatidylcholine --- mucus --- paracellular transport --- atopic dermatitis --- cytokines --- STAT3 --- ZO-2 --- cholestasis --- gene transcription --- hypertrophy --- tumor suppressor --- NLS --- NES --- CaSR --- RhoA --- barrier function --- paracellular permeability --- antidiuretic hormone --- Claudin-14 --- CLDN14 --- hearing loss --- vestibular function --- cochlear implantation --- Hepatitis C Virus --- viral entry --- epidermal barrier --- reconstructed human epidermis --- claudin targeting --- Campylobacter jejuni --- curcumin --- apoptosis --- co-culture --- mouse colon --- TNF --- NFκB --- lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) --- epithelial barrier --- cell–cell contact --- caspase --- kidney stones --- ion reabsorption --- quercetin --- brain barriers --- blood-brain barrier --- neurovascular unit --- blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier --- arachnoid barrier --- glia limitans --- adherens junctions --- paracellular sodium transport --- thick ascending limb --- nephropathy --- HELIX syndrome --- hypokalemia --- hypermagnesemia --- anhidrosis --- gland dysfunction --- aging --- blood–brain barrier --- mutations --- kidney --- liver --- skin --- human --- mice --- disease --- in silico --- drug discovery --- membrane proteins --- protein interactions --- molecular dynamics --- antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis --- Klebsiella oxytoca --- tight junction assembly --- monocytes --- celiac disease --- claudin-2 --- epithelium --- inflammation --- fibrosis --- proliferation --- migration --- tricellular tight junction --- paracellular water transport --- tight epithelium --- MDCK C7 cells --- cell growth --- endothelia --- adherens junction --- apical junctional complex --- AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) --- paracellular barrier --- protein structure --- protein domain --- occludin --- junctional adhesion molecule --- zonula occludens --- MAGUK proteins --- PDZ domain --- stem cell --- chemoresistance --- retinal pigment epithelium --- retinopathy --- barrier formation --- collecting duct --- claudin-5 --- neuropathic pain --- nerve injury --- dorsal root ganglion --- enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) --- tight junctions (TJ) --- polarity --- atypical aPKCζ --- transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) --- sorting nexin 9 (SNX9) --- EspF --- claudin 1 --- tumor --- metastasis --- epithelial to mesenchymal transition --- cerebral cavernous malformation --- endothelial barrier --- Rho --- ROCK --- MEKK3 --- ion transport --- ion channel --- super-resolution microscopy --- structured illumination microscopy --- stimulated emission depletion --- single molecule localization microscopy --- Claudin --- blood-biliary barrier --- chronic liver disease --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- cholangiocellular carcinoma --- NISCH syndrome --- repair --- NHE2 --- ClC-2 --- inflammatory bowel disease --- mucosal immunology --- ZO-1 --- actomyosin --- aquaporin --- drinking rate --- epithelial fluid transport --- enterocyte --- osmoregulation --- paracellular --- proximal tubule --- calcium permeability --- claudin-12 --- paracellular channels and barriers --- cell polarity --- pathogens --- immune cells --- environmental sensors

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

For a long time, the tight junction (TJ) was known to form and regulate the paracellular barrier between epithelia and endothelial cell sheets. Starting shortly after the discovery of the proteins forming the TJ—mainly the two families of claudins and TAMPs—several other functions have been discovered, a striking one being the surprising finding that some claudins form paracellular channels for small ions and/or water. This Special Issue includes 43 articles covering numerous dedicated topics including pathogens affecting the TJ barrier, TJ regulation via immune cells, the TJ as a therapeutic target, TJ and cell polarity, function and regulation by proteins of the tricellular TJ, TJ as a regulator of cellular processes, organ- and tissue-specific functions, TJ as sensors and reacting to environmental conditions, and last but not least, TJ proteins and cancer.

Medicine --- tissue barrier --- tight junction --- claudins --- tricellulin --- tight junctions --- organ preservation --- intestine --- transplantation --- ischemia --- intestinal mucosa --- lung --- epithelia --- interleukin 13 --- UBE2Z --- ubiquitin --- osmolality --- hydrostatic pressure --- cancer --- sensor --- tricellular tight junctions --- endometrial cancer --- epithelial barrier dysfunction --- Claudin-7 --- permeability --- WNK4 --- epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), collecting duct cells --- claudin-1 --- hydrogen peroxide --- phosphorylation --- claudin --- angulin --- drug development --- angubindin-1 --- Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin --- Clostridium perfringens iota-toxin --- antibody --- Mz-ChA-1 cells --- biliary epithelial cells --- phosphatidylcholine --- mucus --- paracellular transport --- atopic dermatitis --- cytokines --- STAT3 --- ZO-2 --- cholestasis --- gene transcription --- hypertrophy --- tumor suppressor --- NLS --- NES --- CaSR --- RhoA --- barrier function --- paracellular permeability --- antidiuretic hormone --- Claudin-14 --- CLDN14 --- hearing loss --- vestibular function --- cochlear implantation --- Hepatitis C Virus --- viral entry --- epidermal barrier --- reconstructed human epidermis --- claudin targeting --- Campylobacter jejuni --- curcumin --- apoptosis --- co-culture --- mouse colon --- TNF --- NFκB --- lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) --- epithelial barrier --- cell–cell contact --- caspase --- kidney stones --- ion reabsorption --- quercetin --- brain barriers --- blood-brain barrier --- neurovascular unit --- blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier --- arachnoid barrier --- glia limitans --- adherens junctions --- paracellular sodium transport --- thick ascending limb --- nephropathy --- HELIX syndrome --- hypokalemia --- hypermagnesemia --- anhidrosis --- gland dysfunction --- aging --- blood–brain barrier --- mutations --- kidney --- liver --- skin --- human --- mice --- disease --- in silico --- drug discovery --- membrane proteins --- protein interactions --- molecular dynamics --- antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis --- Klebsiella oxytoca --- tight junction assembly --- monocytes --- celiac disease --- claudin-2 --- epithelium --- inflammation --- fibrosis --- proliferation --- migration --- tricellular tight junction --- paracellular water transport --- tight epithelium --- MDCK C7 cells --- cell growth --- endothelia --- adherens junction --- apical junctional complex --- AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) --- paracellular barrier --- protein structure --- protein domain --- occludin --- junctional adhesion molecule --- zonula occludens --- MAGUK proteins --- PDZ domain --- stem cell --- chemoresistance --- retinal pigment epithelium --- retinopathy --- barrier formation --- collecting duct --- claudin-5 --- neuropathic pain --- nerve injury --- dorsal root ganglion --- enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) --- tight junctions (TJ) --- polarity --- atypical aPKCζ --- transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) --- sorting nexin 9 (SNX9) --- EspF --- claudin 1 --- tumor --- metastasis --- epithelial to mesenchymal transition --- cerebral cavernous malformation --- endothelial barrier --- Rho --- ROCK --- MEKK3 --- ion transport --- ion channel --- super-resolution microscopy --- structured illumination microscopy --- stimulated emission depletion --- single molecule localization microscopy --- Claudin --- blood-biliary barrier --- chronic liver disease --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- cholangiocellular carcinoma --- NISCH syndrome --- repair --- NHE2 --- ClC-2 --- inflammatory bowel disease --- mucosal immunology --- ZO-1 --- actomyosin --- aquaporin --- drinking rate --- epithelial fluid transport --- enterocyte --- osmoregulation --- paracellular --- proximal tubule --- calcium permeability --- claudin-12 --- paracellular channels and barriers --- cell polarity --- pathogens --- immune cells --- environmental sensors --- tissue barrier --- tight junction --- claudins --- tricellulin --- tight junctions --- organ preservation --- intestine --- transplantation --- ischemia --- intestinal mucosa --- lung --- epithelia --- interleukin 13 --- UBE2Z --- ubiquitin --- osmolality --- hydrostatic pressure --- cancer --- sensor --- tricellular tight junctions --- endometrial cancer --- epithelial barrier dysfunction --- Claudin-7 --- permeability --- WNK4 --- epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), collecting duct cells --- claudin-1 --- hydrogen peroxide --- phosphorylation --- claudin --- angulin --- drug development --- angubindin-1 --- Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin --- Clostridium perfringens iota-toxin --- antibody --- Mz-ChA-1 cells --- biliary epithelial cells --- phosphatidylcholine --- mucus --- paracellular transport --- atopic dermatitis --- cytokines --- STAT3 --- ZO-2 --- cholestasis --- gene transcription --- hypertrophy --- tumor suppressor --- NLS --- NES --- CaSR --- RhoA --- barrier function --- paracellular permeability --- antidiuretic hormone --- Claudin-14 --- CLDN14 --- hearing loss --- vestibular function --- cochlear implantation --- Hepatitis C Virus --- viral entry --- epidermal barrier --- reconstructed human epidermis --- claudin targeting --- Campylobacter jejuni --- curcumin --- apoptosis --- co-culture --- mouse colon --- TNF --- NFκB --- lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) --- epithelial barrier --- cell–cell contact --- caspase --- kidney stones --- ion reabsorption --- quercetin --- brain barriers --- blood-brain barrier --- neurovascular unit --- blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier --- arachnoid barrier --- glia limitans --- adherens junctions --- paracellular sodium transport --- thick ascending limb --- nephropathy --- HELIX syndrome --- hypokalemia --- hypermagnesemia --- anhidrosis --- gland dysfunction --- aging --- blood–brain barrier --- mutations --- kidney --- liver --- skin --- human --- mice --- disease --- in silico --- drug discovery --- membrane proteins --- protein interactions --- molecular dynamics --- antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis --- Klebsiella oxytoca --- tight junction assembly --- monocytes --- celiac disease --- claudin-2 --- epithelium --- inflammation --- fibrosis --- proliferation --- migration --- tricellular tight junction --- paracellular water transport --- tight epithelium --- MDCK C7 cells --- cell growth --- endothelia --- adherens junction --- apical junctional complex --- AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) --- paracellular barrier --- protein structure --- protein domain --- occludin --- junctional adhesion molecule --- zonula occludens --- MAGUK proteins --- PDZ domain --- stem cell --- chemoresistance --- retinal pigment epithelium --- retinopathy --- barrier formation --- collecting duct --- claudin-5 --- neuropathic pain --- nerve injury --- dorsal root ganglion --- enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) --- tight junctions (TJ) --- polarity --- atypical aPKCζ --- transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) --- sorting nexin 9 (SNX9) --- EspF --- claudin 1 --- tumor --- metastasis --- epithelial to mesenchymal transition --- cerebral cavernous malformation --- endothelial barrier --- Rho --- ROCK --- MEKK3 --- ion transport --- ion channel --- super-resolution microscopy --- structured illumination microscopy --- stimulated emission depletion --- single molecule localization microscopy --- Claudin --- blood-biliary barrier --- chronic liver disease --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- cholangiocellular carcinoma --- NISCH syndrome --- repair --- NHE2 --- ClC-2 --- inflammatory bowel disease --- mucosal immunology --- ZO-1 --- actomyosin --- aquaporin --- drinking rate --- epithelial fluid transport --- enterocyte --- osmoregulation --- paracellular --- proximal tubule --- calcium permeability --- claudin-12 --- paracellular channels and barriers --- cell polarity --- pathogens --- immune cells --- environmental sensors