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Metal ions are fundamental elements for the maintenance of the lifespan of plants, animals and humans. Their substantial role in biological systems was recognized a long time ago. They are essential for the maintenance of life and their absence can cause growth disorders, severe malfunction, carcinogenesis or death. They are protagonists as macro- or microelements in several structural and functional roles, participating in many bio-chemical reactions, and arise in several forms. They participate in intra- and intercellular communications, in maintaining electrical charges and osmotic pressure, in photosynthesis and electron transfer processes, in the maintenance of pairing, stacking and the stability of nucleotide bases and also in the regulation of DNA transcription. They contribute to the proper functioning of nerve cells, muscle cells, the brain and the heart, the transport of oxygen and to many other biological processes up to the point that we cannot even imagine a life without metals. In this book, the papers published in the Special Issue “The Role of Metal Ions in Biology, Biochemistry and Medicine” are summarized, providing a picture of metal ion uses in biology, biochemistry and medicine, but also pointing out the toxicity impacts on plants, animals, humans and the environment.

Research & information: general --- aluminium --- chlorophyll fluorescence --- durum wheat --- excitation pressure --- non-photochemical quenching --- photosynthesis --- photoprotection --- photoinhibition --- reactive oxygen species --- triticale --- Cd toxicity --- detoxification mechanism --- photochemical quenching --- photosynthetic heterogeneity --- photoprotective mechanism --- phytoremediation --- plastoquinone pool --- redox state --- spatiotemporal variation --- mercury --- biosorption --- dead cells --- Lysinibacillus sphaericus --- dithizone --- GF-AAS --- EDS-SEM --- adaptive response --- hormetic response --- hydrogen peroxide --- marine angiosperms --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- zinc oxide nanoparticles --- titanium dioxide --- nanoparticles --- solubility --- toxicity --- skin --- safety --- bimetallic nanoparticles --- mature leaves --- spatiotemporal heterogeneity --- young leaves --- osteoblasts --- corrosion --- ions --- particles --- osteolysis --- inflammation --- bioimaging --- clary sage --- effective quantum yield (ΦPSΙΙ) --- non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) --- photochemical quenching (qp) --- singlet oxygen (1O2) --- aseptic loosening --- metal ions --- monocytes --- macrophages --- 5-caffeoylquinic acid --- chlorogenic acid --- zinc --- plant phenolic compounds --- oxidative stress --- n/a

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• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Metal ions are fundamental elements for the maintenance of the lifespan of plants, animals and humans. Their substantial role in biological systems was recognized a long time ago. They are essential for the maintenance of life and their absence can cause growth disorders, severe malfunction, carcinogenesis or death. They are protagonists as macro- or microelements in several structural and functional roles, participating in many bio-chemical reactions, and arise in several forms. They participate in intra- and intercellular communications, in maintaining electrical charges and osmotic pressure, in photosynthesis and electron transfer processes, in the maintenance of pairing, stacking and the stability of nucleotide bases and also in the regulation of DNA transcription. They contribute to the proper functioning of nerve cells, muscle cells, the brain and the heart, the transport of oxygen and to many other biological processes up to the point that we cannot even imagine a life without metals. In this book, the papers published in the Special Issue “The Role of Metal Ions in Biology, Biochemistry and Medicine” are summarized, providing a picture of metal ion uses in biology, biochemistry and medicine, but also pointing out the toxicity impacts on plants, animals, humans and the environment.

Research & information: general --- aluminium --- chlorophyll fluorescence --- durum wheat --- excitation pressure --- non-photochemical quenching --- photosynthesis --- photoprotection --- photoinhibition --- reactive oxygen species --- triticale --- Cd toxicity --- detoxification mechanism --- photochemical quenching --- photosynthetic heterogeneity --- photoprotective mechanism --- phytoremediation --- plastoquinone pool --- redox state --- spatiotemporal variation --- mercury --- biosorption --- dead cells --- Lysinibacillus sphaericus --- dithizone --- GF-AAS --- EDS-SEM --- adaptive response --- hormetic response --- hydrogen peroxide --- marine angiosperms --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- zinc oxide nanoparticles --- titanium dioxide --- nanoparticles --- solubility --- toxicity --- skin --- safety --- bimetallic nanoparticles --- mature leaves --- spatiotemporal heterogeneity --- young leaves --- osteoblasts --- corrosion --- ions --- particles --- osteolysis --- inflammation --- bioimaging --- clary sage --- effective quantum yield (ΦPSΙΙ) --- non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) --- photochemical quenching (qp) --- singlet oxygen (1O2) --- aseptic loosening --- metal ions --- monocytes --- macrophages --- 5-caffeoylquinic acid --- chlorogenic acid --- zinc --- plant phenolic compounds --- oxidative stress

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Herbaceous field crops include several hundred plant species worldly widespread for different end-uses, from food to no-food applications. Among them are included cereals, grain legumes, sugar beet, potato, cotton, tobacco, sunflower, safflower, rape, flax, soybean, alfalfa, clover spp. and other fodder crops, but only 15–20 species play a relevant role for the worldly global economy. Nowadays, to meet the food demand of the ever-increasing world population in a scenario of decreased arable lands, the development of holistic agricultural management approaches to boost contemporaneously yield and quality of herbaceous field crops is essential. Accordingly, this book represents an up-to-date collection of the current understanding of the impact of several agricultural management factors (i.e., genetic selection, planting density and arrangement, fertilization, irrigation, weed control and harvest time) on the yield and qualitative performances of 11 field crops (wheat, cardoon, potato, clary sage, basil, sugarcane, canola, cotton, tomato, lettuce and hemp). On the whole, the topics covered in this book will ensure students and academic readers, such as plant physiologists, environmental scientists, biotechnologists, botanists, soil chemists and agronomists, to get the information about the recent research advances on the eco-sustainable management cultivation of herbaceous field crops, with a particular focus on varietal development, soil nutrient and water management, weed control, etc.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- planting density --- fertilization --- the central composite design --- fiber yield --- analog optimization --- potato --- nitrogen fertilization --- environmental sustainability --- cost-effective --- nitrogen use efficiency --- tuber yield --- EONFR --- growth --- specific leaf nitrogen --- critical nitrogen uptake --- cotton --- dry matter yield --- root growth --- root physiology --- water productivity --- nitrogen productivity --- drip irrigation quota --- lint yield --- biomass --- leaf chlorophyll fluorescence --- leaf gas exchange --- leaf structure --- drought tolerance --- dry weight yield --- essential oil content --- leaf area index --- Ocimum basilicum --- potassium --- fertilizer --- biomass accumulation --- fiber quality --- organic farming system --- yield --- pH --- soluble solid content --- Bostwick viscosity --- phosphorus sensitivity --- phosphorus --- reproductive organ biomass --- nutrients accumulation --- plant density --- nitrogen fertilization rate --- photosynthesis rate --- SPAD readings --- nitrogen efficiency indices --- tuber nutritional composition --- cereal crops --- plant water extracts --- bioherbicides --- weed management --- allelopathy --- dual purpose canola --- nitrogen fertilizer --- oil content --- grazing --- sustainable agriculture --- integrated weed management --- yield losses --- preventive weed control --- mechanical weed control --- physical weed control --- biological weed control --- herbicides --- hybrids --- wheat --- weeds --- competition --- genetic gain --- genomic selection --- quantitative genetics --- sugarcane breeding --- pit plantation --- planting patterns --- ratoon crop --- sowing techniques --- sugarcane yield --- quality --- seasonal variation --- fatty acids --- free sugars --- chemical composition --- Cynara cardunculus L. --- cardoon --- organic acids --- clary sage --- essential oil --- aromatic plant species --- biometric and agronomic characteristics --- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi --- organic farming --- calcareous soils --- crop physiology --- sustainability --- diatomaceous earth --- monosilicic acid --- Si application method --- soil water conditions --- wheat cultivar --- tocopherols --- lipidic fraction --- companion plants --- N-fertilization --- partial land equivalent ratio (PLER) --- weed control --- grain quality --- productivity