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This book presents an investigation of gigaseal formation using micro/nanotechnology. The aims of the book are twofold. First, it explains the mechanisms of gigaseal formation using the latest discoveries. Second, it provides practical techniques for frequent formation of high resistance seals. The formation of a high-resistance electrical seal, also known as a gigaseal, between a cell membrane and a glass micropipette tip is essential in patch-clamp experiments. Even though four decades have passed since the introduction of the patch-clamping technique by Neher and Sakmann, gigaseal formation remains an obstacle in developing the high-throughput ion channel screening systems required by the pharmaceutical industry. Here the authors share their latest methods for achieving gigaseal formation and describe techniques that are highly desirable at both research and industrial levels. Nanotechnology has been found to be a powerful tool for studying and modifying glass micropipettes and in tackling the problem of gigaseal formation.

Patch-clamp techniques (Electrophysiology) --- Clamping, Patch (Electrophysiology) --- Patch-clamp recording (Electrophysiology) --- Patch-clamp technique (Electrophysiology) --- Patch clamping (Electrophysiology) --- Engineering. --- Nanotechnology. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Nanotechnology and Microengineering. --- Biomedical Engineering. --- Electrophysiology --- Technique --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology

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The use of the patch pipet has moved from a specialized to a mainstream method that can be combined with other techniques to perform complex and novel operations. In Patch-Clamp Analysis: Advanced Techniques, Wolfgang Walz and his colleagues bring together a team of leading academic researchers to describe in reproducible detail all the most important patch-clamp methods. Beginning with updated basic patch-clamp techniques, these hands-on experts present the newest developments, ranging from fast external solution switching and the switching of the pipet solution during recording, to the loose-patch, the perforated-patch, and the patch-cram detection technique. Coverage of these advanced techniques combines their molecular biology and imaging to produce the patch pipet with RT-PCR and fluorometric techniques. All the methods included describe the theoretical background, offer complete startup help, and provide tips on solving common problems and analyzing data. Comprehensive and highly practical, Patch-Clamp Analysis: Advanced Techniques surveys all the major applications that involve patch pipets and sets the stage for the emergence of today's new applications involving genomics, proteomics, and sophisticated imaging techniques.

General biophysics --- Physiology of nerves and sense organs --- Electronic books. -- local. --- Electrophysiology -- Methodology. --- Patch-clamp techniques (Electrophysiology). --- Patch-Clamp Techniques --- Electrophysiology --- Physiology --- Biophysics --- Cytological Techniques --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Clinical Laboratory Techniques --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Investigative Techniques --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Patch-clamp techniques (Electrophysiology) --- Methodology. --- Clamping, Patch (Electrophysiology) --- Patch-clamp recording (Electrophysiology) --- Patch-clamp technique (Electrophysiology) --- Patch clamping (Electrophysiology) --- Animal electricity --- Bioelectricity --- Electricity, Animal --- Electrobiology --- Neurology --- Electricity --- Technique --- Physiological effect --- Neurosciences. --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system

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In recent years, power electronics have been intensely contributing to the development and evolution of new structures for the processing of energy. They can be used in a wide range of applications ranging from power systems and electrical machines to electric vehicles and robot arm drives. In conjunction with the evolution of microprocessors and advanced control theories, power electronics are playing an increasingly essential role in our society. Thus, in order to cope with the obstacles lying ahead, this book presents a collection of original studies and modeling methods which were developed and published in the field of electrical energy conditioning and control by using circuits and electronic devices, with an emphasis on power applications and industrial control. Researchers have contributed 19 selected and peer-reviewed papers covering a wide range of topics by addressing a wide variety of themes, such as motor drives, AC–DC and DC–DC converters, multilevel converters, varistors, and electromagnetic compatibility, among others. The overall result is a book that represents a cohesive collection of inter-/multidisciplinary works regarding the industrial applications of power electronics.

History of engineering & technology --- Energy industries & utilities --- failure mode --- impulse current --- microstructure --- multiple lightning --- ZnO varistors --- multilevel matrix converter --- rotating voltage space vector --- common move voltage --- space vector pulse width modulation --- venturini control method --- electric vehicle --- electromagnetic compatibility --- electromagnetic topology --- radiated emission --- nonlinear effects --- three-level neutral-point clamped inverter --- induction motor --- speed observation --- compensation --- impedance-source inverter --- shoot-through --- dc-dc converter --- dc-ac converter --- DC-DC power converter --- Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy system --- hierarchical binary tree --- circuit breaker --- fault current limiter --- current source circuit --- voltage clamping --- constant current control --- frequency domain electromagnetic --- weighted factor --- model predictive flux control --- interior permanent magnet synchronous --- discrete space vector modulation --- microgrid protection --- power quality --- fault current --- H bridge --- look-up table --- interpolation error --- PMSM drive --- circulating current control --- modular multilevel converter (MMC) --- static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) --- asymmetric --- capacitors --- multilevel inverter --- power electronics --- self-charging --- virtual DC links --- full-bridge converter --- phase shift modulation --- supercapacitors --- isolated DC-DC bidirectional converter --- electrostatic discharge (ESD) --- elliptical-cylinder type --- human-body model (HBM) --- n-channel lateral-diffused MOSFET (nLDMOS) --- super-junction (SJ) --- ultra high-voltage (UHV) --- aging characteristics --- energy absorption --- boost inverter --- single source --- low components --- PMBLDC motor --- fuzzy-logic controller design --- common mode inverters --- photovoltaic --- leakage current elimination --- pulse width modulation --- power converters --- electrical machines --- power grid stability analysis --- inverters --- power supplies --- multilevel converters --- motor drives --- power semiconductor devices --- failure mode --- impulse current --- microstructure --- multiple lightning --- ZnO varistors --- multilevel matrix converter --- rotating voltage space vector --- common move voltage --- space vector pulse width modulation --- venturini control method --- electric vehicle --- electromagnetic compatibility --- electromagnetic topology --- radiated emission --- nonlinear effects --- three-level neutral-point clamped inverter --- induction motor --- speed observation --- compensation --- impedance-source inverter --- shoot-through --- dc-dc converter --- dc-ac converter --- DC-DC power converter --- Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy system --- hierarchical binary tree --- circuit breaker --- fault current limiter --- current source circuit --- voltage clamping --- constant current control --- frequency domain electromagnetic --- weighted factor --- model predictive flux control --- interior permanent magnet synchronous --- discrete space vector modulation --- microgrid protection --- power quality --- fault current --- H bridge --- look-up table --- interpolation error --- PMSM drive --- circulating current control --- modular multilevel converter (MMC) --- static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) --- asymmetric --- capacitors --- multilevel inverter --- power electronics --- self-charging --- virtual DC links --- full-bridge converter --- phase shift modulation --- supercapacitors --- isolated DC-DC bidirectional converter --- electrostatic discharge (ESD) --- elliptical-cylinder type --- human-body model (HBM) --- n-channel lateral-diffused MOSFET (nLDMOS) --- super-junction (SJ) --- ultra high-voltage (UHV) --- aging characteristics --- energy absorption --- boost inverter --- single source --- low components --- PMBLDC motor --- fuzzy-logic controller design --- common mode inverters --- photovoltaic --- leakage current elimination --- pulse width modulation --- power converters --- electrical machines --- power grid stability analysis --- inverters --- power supplies --- multilevel converters --- motor drives --- power semiconductor devices

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Sensors are the eyes or/and ears of an intelligent system, such as UAV, AGV and robots. With the development of material, signal processing, and multidisciplinary interactions, more and more smart sensors are proposed and fabricated under increasing demands for homes, the industry, and military fields. Networks of sensors will be able to enhance the ability to obtain huge amounts of information (big data) and improve precision, which also mirrors the developmental tendency of modern sensors. Moreover, artificial intelligence is a novel impetus for sensors and networks, which gets sensors to learn and think and feed more efficient results back. This book includes new research results from academia and industry, on the subject of “Smart Sensors and Networks”, especially sensing technologies utilizing Artificial Intelligence. The topics include: smart sensors biosensors sensor network sensor data fusion artificial intelligence deep learning mechatronics devices for sensors applications of sensors for robotics and mechatronics devices

History of engineering & technology --- microelectromechanical systems --- inertial measurement unit --- long short term memory recurrent neural networks --- artificial intelligence --- deep learning --- CNN --- LSTM --- CO2 welding --- molten pool --- online monitoring --- mechanical sensor --- self-adaptiveness --- ankle-foot exoskeleton --- walking assistance --- visual tracking --- correlation filter --- color histogram --- adaptive hedge algorithm --- scenario generation --- autonomous vehicle --- smart sensor and device --- wireless sensor networks --- task assignment --- distributed --- reliable --- energy-efficient --- audification --- sensor --- visualization --- speech to text --- text to speech --- HF-OTH radar --- AIS --- radar tracking --- data fusion --- fuzzy functional dependencies --- maritime surveillance --- surgical robot end-effector --- clamping force estimation --- joint torque disturbance observer --- PSO-BPNN --- cable tension measurement --- queue length --- roadside sensor --- vehicle detection --- adverse weather --- roadside LiDAR --- data processing --- air pollution --- atmospheric data --- IoT --- machine learning --- RNN --- Sensors --- smart cities --- traffic flow --- traffic forecasting --- wireless sensor network --- fruit condition monitoring --- artificial neural network --- ethylene gas --- banana ripening --- unidimensional ACGAN --- signal recognition --- data augmentation --- link establishment behaviors --- DenseNet --- short-wave radio station --- landing gear --- adaptive landing --- vehicle classification --- FBG --- smart sensors --- outlier detection --- local outlier factor --- data streams --- air quality monitoring --- n/a --- evacuation path --- multi-story multi-exit building --- temperature sensors --- multi-time-slots planning --- optimization

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In recent years, power electronics have been intensely contributing to the development and evolution of new structures for the processing of energy. They can be used in a wide range of applications ranging from power systems and electrical machines to electric vehicles and robot arm drives. In conjunction with the evolution of microprocessors and advanced control theories, power electronics are playing an increasingly essential role in our society. Thus, in order to cope with the obstacles lying ahead, this book presents a collection of original studies and modeling methods which were developed and published in the field of electrical energy conditioning and control by using circuits and electronic devices, with an emphasis on power applications and industrial control. Researchers have contributed 19 selected and peer-reviewed papers covering a wide range of topics by addressing a wide variety of themes, such as motor drives, AC–DC and DC–DC converters, multilevel converters, varistors, and electromagnetic compatibility, among others. The overall result is a book that represents a cohesive collection of inter-/multidisciplinary works regarding the industrial applications of power electronics.

failure mode --- impulse current --- microstructure --- multiple lightning --- ZnO varistors --- multilevel matrix converter --- rotating voltage space vector --- common move voltage --- space vector pulse width modulation --- venturini control method --- electric vehicle --- electromagnetic compatibility --- electromagnetic topology --- radiated emission --- nonlinear effects --- three-level neutral-point clamped inverter --- induction motor --- speed observation --- compensation --- impedance-source inverter --- shoot-through --- dc-dc converter --- dc-ac converter --- DC-DC power converter --- Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy system --- hierarchical binary tree --- circuit breaker --- fault current limiter --- current source circuit --- voltage clamping --- constant current control --- frequency domain electromagnetic --- weighted factor --- model predictive flux control --- interior permanent magnet synchronous --- discrete space vector modulation --- microgrid protection --- power quality --- fault current --- H bridge --- look-up table --- interpolation error --- PMSM drive --- circulating current control --- modular multilevel converter (MMC) --- static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) --- asymmetric --- capacitors --- multilevel inverter --- power electronics --- self-charging --- virtual DC links --- full-bridge converter --- phase shift modulation --- supercapacitors --- isolated DC-DC bidirectional converter --- electrostatic discharge (ESD) --- elliptical-cylinder type --- human-body model (HBM) --- n-channel lateral-diffused MOSFET (nLDMOS) --- super-junction (SJ) --- ultra high-voltage (UHV) --- aging characteristics --- energy absorption --- boost inverter --- single source --- low components --- PMBLDC motor --- fuzzy-logic controller design --- common mode inverters --- photovoltaic --- leakage current elimination --- pulse width modulation --- power converters --- electrical machines --- power grid stability analysis --- inverters --- power supplies --- multilevel converters --- motor drives --- power semiconductor devices