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This book entitled “Chemical Symmetry Breaking” is a collective volume of state-of-the-art reports on unique nonlinear chemical and physical symmetry-breaking phenomena that were experimentally observed upon a thermally or photochemically induced phase transition in various organic condensed phases, such as metastable liquid crystals, crystals, amorphous solids, and colloidal polymer materials, only under nonequilibrium conditions. Each author summarizes the introductory section in simple terms but in detail for beginners in this field. We wish that many readers familiarize themselves with the general concepts and features of nonlinear and nonequilibrium (or out of equilibrium) complexity theory, which govern a variety of unique dynamic behaviors observed in chemistry, physics, life science and other fields, so that they may discover novel symmetry-breaking phenomena in their own research areas.
Research & information: general --- amplification of chirality --- dynamic crystallization --- Diels–Alder reaction --- absolute asymmetric synthesis --- conglomerate --- racemization --- attrition-enhanced deracemization --- Viedma ripening --- reversible reaction --- enantiomorphic crystal --- polymorphism --- off-shell quantum field --- space-like momentum --- dressed photon --- micro-macro duality --- Clebsch dual field --- Majorana fermion --- the cosmological term --- Weyl tensor --- dark energy --- dark matter --- photomechanical --- crystal --- right–left symmetry breaking --- chiral symmetry breaking --- dissipative structure --- energy conversion --- mechanical work --- self-oscillation --- collective dynamics --- autonomous motion --- self-replication --- autocatalysis --- molecular motor --- molecular robot --- amorphous-to-crystal phase transformation --- detection of real-time symmetry breaking --- mechanofluorochromism --- fluorescence spectroscopy --- liquid-like cluster --- evaporative crystallization --- quartz crystal microbalance --- two-step nucleation model --- chiral --- circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) --- magnetic circularly polarized luminescence (MCPL) --- spontaneous resolution --- chirality --- deracemization --- preferential enrichment --- thermodynamics --- phase diagrams --- kinetics --- symmetry breaking --- ferroelectricity --- antiferrolelectricity --- subphases --- resonant X-ray scattering --- vapochromism --- fluorescence --- macrocycles --- inclusion crystals --- host–guest chemistry --- spin symmetry breaking --- magnetic liquid crystals --- magneto-LC effect --- nitroxide radicals --- superparamagnetic domain --- spin glass state --- elastic organic crystals --- mechanical deformation --- π-conjugated molecules --- photoluminescence --- deformation-induced photoluminescence changes --- biomolecular handedness --- circular dichroism --- circularly polarized luminescence --- non-equilibrium --- colloid --- conjugated polymer --- amplification of chirality --- dynamic crystallization --- Diels–Alder reaction --- absolute asymmetric synthesis --- conglomerate --- racemization --- attrition-enhanced deracemization --- Viedma ripening --- reversible reaction --- enantiomorphic crystal --- polymorphism --- off-shell quantum field --- space-like momentum --- dressed photon --- micro-macro duality --- Clebsch dual field --- Majorana fermion --- the cosmological term --- Weyl tensor --- dark energy --- dark matter --- photomechanical --- crystal --- right–left symmetry breaking --- chiral symmetry breaking --- dissipative structure --- energy conversion --- mechanical work --- self-oscillation --- collective dynamics --- autonomous motion --- self-replication --- autocatalysis --- molecular motor --- molecular robot --- amorphous-to-crystal phase transformation --- detection of real-time symmetry breaking --- mechanofluorochromism --- fluorescence spectroscopy --- liquid-like cluster --- evaporative crystallization --- quartz crystal microbalance --- two-step nucleation model --- chiral --- circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) --- magnetic circularly polarized luminescence (MCPL) --- spontaneous resolution --- chirality --- deracemization --- preferential enrichment --- thermodynamics --- phase diagrams --- kinetics --- symmetry breaking --- ferroelectricity --- antiferrolelectricity --- subphases --- resonant X-ray scattering --- vapochromism --- fluorescence --- macrocycles --- inclusion crystals --- host–guest chemistry --- spin symmetry breaking --- magnetic liquid crystals --- magneto-LC effect --- nitroxide radicals --- superparamagnetic domain --- spin glass state --- elastic organic crystals --- mechanical deformation --- π-conjugated molecules --- photoluminescence --- deformation-induced photoluminescence changes --- biomolecular handedness --- circular dichroism --- circularly polarized luminescence --- non-equilibrium --- colloid --- conjugated polymer
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This book entitled “Chemical Symmetry Breaking” is a collective volume of state-of-the-art reports on unique nonlinear chemical and physical symmetry-breaking phenomena that were experimentally observed upon a thermally or photochemically induced phase transition in various organic condensed phases, such as metastable liquid crystals, crystals, amorphous solids, and colloidal polymer materials, only under nonequilibrium conditions. Each author summarizes the introductory section in simple terms but in detail for beginners in this field. We wish that many readers familiarize themselves with the general concepts and features of nonlinear and nonequilibrium (or out of equilibrium) complexity theory, which govern a variety of unique dynamic behaviors observed in chemistry, physics, life science and other fields, so that they may discover novel symmetry-breaking phenomena in their own research areas.
Research & information: general --- amplification of chirality --- dynamic crystallization --- Diels–Alder reaction --- absolute asymmetric synthesis --- conglomerate --- racemization --- attrition-enhanced deracemization --- Viedma ripening --- reversible reaction --- enantiomorphic crystal --- polymorphism --- off-shell quantum field --- space-like momentum --- dressed photon --- micro-macro duality --- Clebsch dual field --- Majorana fermion --- the cosmological term --- Weyl tensor --- dark energy --- dark matter --- photomechanical --- crystal --- right–left symmetry breaking --- chiral symmetry breaking --- dissipative structure --- energy conversion --- mechanical work --- self-oscillation --- collective dynamics --- autonomous motion --- self-replication --- autocatalysis --- molecular motor --- molecular robot --- amorphous-to-crystal phase transformation --- detection of real-time symmetry breaking --- mechanofluorochromism --- fluorescence spectroscopy --- liquid-like cluster --- evaporative crystallization --- quartz crystal microbalance --- two-step nucleation model --- chiral --- circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) --- magnetic circularly polarized luminescence (MCPL) --- spontaneous resolution --- chirality --- deracemization --- preferential enrichment --- thermodynamics --- phase diagrams --- kinetics --- symmetry breaking --- ferroelectricity --- antiferrolelectricity --- subphases --- resonant X-ray scattering --- vapochromism --- fluorescence --- macrocycles --- inclusion crystals --- host–guest chemistry --- spin symmetry breaking --- magnetic liquid crystals --- magneto-LC effect --- nitroxide radicals --- superparamagnetic domain --- spin glass state --- elastic organic crystals --- mechanical deformation --- π-conjugated molecules --- photoluminescence --- deformation-induced photoluminescence changes --- biomolecular handedness --- circular dichroism --- circularly polarized luminescence --- non-equilibrium --- colloid --- conjugated polymer
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This book entitled “Chemical Symmetry Breaking” is a collective volume of state-of-the-art reports on unique nonlinear chemical and physical symmetry-breaking phenomena that were experimentally observed upon a thermally or photochemically induced phase transition in various organic condensed phases, such as metastable liquid crystals, crystals, amorphous solids, and colloidal polymer materials, only under nonequilibrium conditions. Each author summarizes the introductory section in simple terms but in detail for beginners in this field. We wish that many readers familiarize themselves with the general concepts and features of nonlinear and nonequilibrium (or out of equilibrium) complexity theory, which govern a variety of unique dynamic behaviors observed in chemistry, physics, life science and other fields, so that they may discover novel symmetry-breaking phenomena in their own research areas.
amplification of chirality --- dynamic crystallization --- Diels–Alder reaction --- absolute asymmetric synthesis --- conglomerate --- racemization --- attrition-enhanced deracemization --- Viedma ripening --- reversible reaction --- enantiomorphic crystal --- polymorphism --- off-shell quantum field --- space-like momentum --- dressed photon --- micro-macro duality --- Clebsch dual field --- Majorana fermion --- the cosmological term --- Weyl tensor --- dark energy --- dark matter --- photomechanical --- crystal --- right–left symmetry breaking --- chiral symmetry breaking --- dissipative structure --- energy conversion --- mechanical work --- self-oscillation --- collective dynamics --- autonomous motion --- self-replication --- autocatalysis --- molecular motor --- molecular robot --- amorphous-to-crystal phase transformation --- detection of real-time symmetry breaking --- mechanofluorochromism --- fluorescence spectroscopy --- liquid-like cluster --- evaporative crystallization --- quartz crystal microbalance --- two-step nucleation model --- chiral --- circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) --- magnetic circularly polarized luminescence (MCPL) --- spontaneous resolution --- chirality --- deracemization --- preferential enrichment --- thermodynamics --- phase diagrams --- kinetics --- symmetry breaking --- ferroelectricity --- antiferrolelectricity --- subphases --- resonant X-ray scattering --- vapochromism --- fluorescence --- macrocycles --- inclusion crystals --- host–guest chemistry --- spin symmetry breaking --- magnetic liquid crystals --- magneto-LC effect --- nitroxide radicals --- superparamagnetic domain --- spin glass state --- elastic organic crystals --- mechanical deformation --- π-conjugated molecules --- photoluminescence --- deformation-induced photoluminescence changes --- biomolecular handedness --- circular dichroism --- circularly polarized luminescence --- non-equilibrium --- colloid --- conjugated polymer
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This Reprint Book highlights and overviews the most important and novel aspects of chiral auxiliary and chirogenesis in different natural/physical sciences and in modern technologies. In particular, some newly emerging classes of molecules used for these purposes have been described. Furthermore, some important experimental and theoretical issues associated with the chirality field have been addressed. This book consists of one review article and six research papers and is of interest for general chemistry readership, including graduate and post-graduate students, and for researchers specializing in the fields of chirality and stereochemistry
pillar[5]arene --- planar chirality --- chiral resolution --- racemization kinetics --- supramolecular chemistry --- self-induced diastereomeric anisochronism (SIDA) --- enantiomeric analysis --- molecular association --- NMR --- diffusion --- molecular chirality --- self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) --- indole --- asymmetric synthesis --- organocatalysis --- transition-metal catalysis --- C-N bond formation --- enantioselective --- heterocycles --- porphyrinoids --- multinuclear complexes --- chiral ligands --- circular dichroism --- paramagnetic NMR --- magnetochemistry --- porphyrin --- guanidine --- host–guest binding --- chirality --- DFT --- TD-DFT simulation --- induced optical activity --- stereodynamic chirality probe --- exciton coupling --- circularly polarized luminescence --- sergeants-and-soldiers --- majority-rule --- polysilane --- polyfluorenevinylene --- polyfluorene --- mirror symmetry breaking --- parity violation --- n/a --- host-guest binding
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This Reprint Book highlights and overviews the most important and novel aspects of chiral auxiliary and chirogenesis in different natural/physical sciences and in modern technologies. In particular, some newly emerging classes of molecules used for these purposes have been described. Furthermore, some important experimental and theoretical issues associated with the chirality field have been addressed. This book consists of one review article and six research papers and is of interest for general chemistry readership, including graduate and post-graduate students, and for researchers specializing in the fields of chirality and stereochemistry
Research & information: general --- pillar[5]arene --- planar chirality --- chiral resolution --- racemization kinetics --- supramolecular chemistry --- self-induced diastereomeric anisochronism (SIDA) --- enantiomeric analysis --- molecular association --- NMR --- diffusion --- molecular chirality --- self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) --- indole --- asymmetric synthesis --- organocatalysis --- transition-metal catalysis --- C-N bond formation --- enantioselective --- heterocycles --- porphyrinoids --- multinuclear complexes --- chiral ligands --- circular dichroism --- paramagnetic NMR --- magnetochemistry --- porphyrin --- guanidine --- host-guest binding --- chirality --- DFT --- TD-DFT simulation --- induced optical activity --- stereodynamic chirality probe --- exciton coupling --- circularly polarized luminescence --- sergeants-and-soldiers --- majority-rule --- polysilane --- polyfluorenevinylene --- polyfluorene --- mirror symmetry breaking --- parity violation --- pillar[5]arene --- planar chirality --- chiral resolution --- racemization kinetics --- supramolecular chemistry --- self-induced diastereomeric anisochronism (SIDA) --- enantiomeric analysis --- molecular association --- NMR --- diffusion --- molecular chirality --- self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) --- indole --- asymmetric synthesis --- organocatalysis --- transition-metal catalysis --- C-N bond formation --- enantioselective --- heterocycles --- porphyrinoids --- multinuclear complexes --- chiral ligands --- circular dichroism --- paramagnetic NMR --- magnetochemistry --- porphyrin --- guanidine --- host-guest binding --- chirality --- DFT --- TD-DFT simulation --- induced optical activity --- stereodynamic chirality probe --- exciton coupling --- circularly polarized luminescence --- sergeants-and-soldiers --- majority-rule --- polysilane --- polyfluorenevinylene --- polyfluorene --- mirror symmetry breaking --- parity violation
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In 1978, Fred Hoyle proposed that interstellar comets carrying several viruses landed on Earth as part of the panspermia hypotheses. With respect to life, the origin of homochirality on Earth has been the greatest mystery because life cannot exist without molecular asymmetry. Many scientists have proposed several possible hypotheses to answer this long-standing L-D question. Previously, Martin Gardner raised the question about mirror symmetry and broken mirror symmetry in terms of the homochirality question in his monographs (1964 and 1990). Possible scenarios for the L-D issue can be categorized into (i) Earth and exoterrestrial origins, (ii) by-chance and necessity mechanisms, and (iii) mirror-symmetrical and non-mirror-symmetrical forces as physical and chemical origins. These scenarios should involve further great amplification mechanisms, enabling a pure L- or D-world.
supramolecular assembly --- weak neutral current --- homochiral and heterochiral aggregates --- vortex --- neutrinos --- Soai reaction --- Viedma ripening effect --- nucleus–molecular coupling --- absolute asymmetric synthesis --- circular dichroism --- enantiomer self-disproportionation --- magmatic flow --- metal-organic framework --- Z0 boson --- hidden chirality --- gravitation --- SDE --- etch figures --- replicators --- supramolecular chirality --- deracemization --- assemblies --- spin polarized electrons --- super-high-velocity impact --- homochirality --- chirogenesis --- heat capacity --- tunneling --- prebiotic --- Salam hypothesis --- tilt-chirality --- self-assembly --- racemic field --- triethylenediamine (DABCO) molecules --- environmental chirality --- bioorganic homochirality --- polymer --- enantioselective reaction --- two-fold helix --- origin of life --- biological homochirality --- parity violation in the weak interaction --- amino acids --- multi-point approximation --- magnetism --- C1- and C2-symmetric catalysts --- spin-polarized lepton --- lipid --- chiral field (memory) --- Wallach’s rule --- asymmetric autocatalysis --- plasma reactor --- circularly polarized photon --- asymmetric reaction --- racemate --- enantiomorphism --- symmetry breaking --- ?-strand --- chirality --- circularly polarized light --- circularly polarized luminescence --- autocatalysis --- amino acid handedness --- asymmetric synthesis --- precision measurement --- nepheline --- chiral separation --- parity violation --- achiral stationary phase --- genesis of life chirality --- high dimensional chirality
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