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In 2013, the Hirsch Institute of Tropical Medicine (HITM) was officially inaugurated as a branch of the Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf under the direction of Professor Dieter Häussinger. The HITM serves as a place of scientific medical knowledge transfer, postgraduate medical training, and of conducting scientific projects relating to tropical medicine and infectious diseases. The publication relates the past activities of the institute, its history, and perspectives. Moreover, it permits a look behind the scenes during the construction of the institute in Africa and describes the living conditions and impressions of the staff. Dieter Häussinger, Director of the HITM and the Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases and Professor of Internal Medicine at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, focuses on the areas of clinical and experimental hepatology and gastroenterology, he is committed to the expansion and further development of the field of infectious diseases. He encouraged the certification of his department as a Center of Infectious Diseases, the addition of a tropical medicine and an infectious diseases outpatient clinic, the building of the Liver and Infectious Diseases Center, which houses the only treatment unit in North Rhine-Westphalia for highly infectious patients, and the founding of the Hirsch Institute of Tropical Medicine.

Tropical Medicine, Infection Medicine, Medical Faculty of Adama Science and Technology University, Asella Teaching Hospital, Etiology of Chronic Liver Disease, Chronic Liver Diseases, Ensemble pour une Solidarité Thérapeutique Hospitalière En Réseau, ESTHER-Initiative. --- chronic liver diseases. --- infectiology. --- infectious diseases. --- research in high prevalence country. --- tropical medicine. --- MEDICAL / General.

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The innate immune system is the first line of defense against bacterial and viral infections and sterile inflammation through the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) resulting in the production of proinflammatory and antiviral cytokines and chemokines. Several damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which were released by passive or active mechanisms under sterile conditions, are additionally recognized by PRRs and can cause or even aggravate the inflammatory response. In this special issue many aspects of innate immunity are summarized. Mechanisms of different DAMPs to induce pro- and anti-inflammatory activities, functions of different immune cells, as well as the crosstalk between coagulation and innate immunity were described. Furthermore, aspects of autoinflammatory diseases, types of programmed cell death pathways, and insect immunity are covered. Finally, therapeutic options for the treatment of diseases related to autoimmunity or infections are suggested. Overall, this special issue presents a broad overview of activities related to sterile inflammation and defense mechanisms of innate immunity.

Medicine --- inflammation --- type I interferons --- interleukin-1β --- crosstalk --- hepatic non-parenchymal cells --- albumin --- chronic liver diseases --- bacteria --- cytomegalovirus --- endothelin receptor --- repurposing --- cell culture --- Drosophila suzukii --- hemocytes --- plasmatocytes --- extracellular traps --- HMGB1 --- RAGE --- TLR4 --- DAMP --- SIRT1 --- α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor --- nociceptor --- cancer --- COVID-19 --- proteostasis --- autoinflammation --- ribosomopathies --- proteinopathies --- proteasomopathies --- extracellular RNA --- cytokines --- macrophages --- endothelial cells --- toll-like receptors --- angiogenesis --- γδ T cells --- gamma delta T cells --- proliferation --- macrophage polarization --- neutrophils --- neutrophil extracellular traps --- NETs --- ischemia --- PANoptosis --- PANoptosome --- pyroptosis --- apoptosis --- necroptosis --- inflammatory cell death --- inflammasome --- innate immunity --- infection --- NLR --- caspase --- IRF1 --- ZBP1 --- RIPK1 --- RIPK3 --- MLKL --- NLRP3 --- AIM2 --- Pyrin --- caspase-1 --- ASC --- caspase-8 --- caspase-3 --- caspase-7 --- plasticity --- redundancy --- SMOC1 --- thrombin --- n/a

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Nutrition, often along with physical activity, is by now acknowledged as a cornerstone in the prevention and even more so the treatment of many diseases. Indeed, food and nutritional intake nowadays are often thought to be the main source of wellbeing sometimes over- but also underestimating the impact of nutritional intake, dietary pattern and food-derived natural compounds in their impact on human health. In this Special Issue entitled `Clinical Nutrition: Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges´ a broad overview and summary on recent findings in various fields of clinical nutrition with special focus on chronic and degenerative diseases like metabolic diseases, cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, sarcopenia but also malnutrition in elderly, infants and children is provided. Nutrition, often along with physical activity, is by now acknowledged as a cornerstone in the prevention and even more so the treatment of many diseases. Indeed, food and nutritional intake nowadays are often thought to be the main source of wellbeing sometimes over- but also underestimating the impact of nutritional intake, dietary pattern and food-derived natural compounds in their impact on human health. In this Special Issue entitled `Clinical Nutrition: Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges´ a broad overview and summary on recent findings in various fields of clinical nutrition with special focus on chronic and degenerative diseases like metabolic diseases, cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, sarcopenia but also malnutrition in elderly, infants and children is provided.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- malnutrition --- cirrhosis --- nutritional screening --- nutritional assessment --- gut–liver axis --- macronutrients --- micronutrients --- dysbiosis --- diet --- enteral nutrition --- inflammatory bowel disease --- nutrition --- nutritional therapy --- prevention --- artificial nutrition --- nasogastric feeding --- nasogastric tube --- palliative care --- calcium oxalate stone formation --- dietary assessment --- fatty acids --- fluid --- oxalate --- protein --- sodium --- uric acid --- water --- insulin --- lifestyle --- non-alcoholic --- steatohepatitis --- fibrosis --- metabolic syndrome --- weight loss --- time-restricted feeding --- intermittent fasting --- low-carb diet --- liver disease --- Brugada syndrome --- long QT syndrome --- ingredients --- glucose --- ketone bodies --- ROS --- sudden cardiac death --- bariatric surgery --- cardiovascular disease --- endovascular bariatric surgery --- obesity --- oral nutritional supplements --- perioperative nutrition --- sarcopenia --- gastrointestinal surgery --- behaviour --- nutrition supplements --- type 2 diabetes --- ageing --- inflammaging --- anorexia of aging --- DoMAP --- GLIM criteria --- cholestasis --- chronic liver diseases --- nutritional needs --- pediatrics --- medical nutrition therapy --- critical care --- parenteral nutrition --- energy --- review --- Crohn’s disease --- gut microenvironment --- celiac disease --- gluten --- gluten-free diet --- prostate --- metabolism --- benign prostatic hyperplasia --- erectile dysfunction --- dietary recommendation --- overweight --- carbohydrate --- fat