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Mitochondria are subcellular organelles evolved by the endosymbiosis of bacteria with eukaryotic cells. They are the main source of ATP in the cell and engaged in other aspects of cell metabolism and cell function, including the regulation of ion homeostasis, cell growth, redox status, and cell signaling. Due to their central role in cell life and death, mitochondria are also involved in the pathogenesis and progression of human diseases/conditions, including neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders, cancer, diabetes, inflammation, and aging. However, despite the increasing number of studies, precise mechanisms whereby mitochondria are involved in the regulation of basic physiological functions, as well as their role in the cell under pathophysiological conditions, remain unknown. A lack of in-depth knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial metabolism and function, as well as interplay between the factors that transform the organelle from its role in pro-survival to pro-death, have hindered the development of new mitochondria-targeted pharmacological and conditional approaches for the treatment of human diseases. This book highlights the latest achievements in elucidating the role of mitochondria under physiological conditions, in various cell/animal models of human diseases, and in patients.

Medicine --- hypoglycemia --- sodium dichloroacetate --- pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase --- pyruvate dehydrogenase --- oxidative stress --- neuron death --- cholangiocellular carcinoma --- mitochondria --- energy metabolism --- oxidative phosphorylation --- 4-HNE --- DRP1 --- ERK1/2 --- hippocampus --- JNK --- mitochondrial dynamics --- PKA --- protein phosphatases --- TUNEL --- DDE --- high-fat diet --- mitochondrial UCP2 --- ROS --- antioxidant system --- uncoupling protein --- mitochondria: energy metabolism --- lipid handling --- fatty acid oxidation --- potassium channel --- reactive oxygen species --- antioxidants --- life span --- aging --- BKCa channels --- pravastatin --- gemfibrozil --- liver --- colon --- mitochondrial function --- cyclosporin A --- mitochondria calcium buffering --- mitochondria bioenergetics --- mitochondria permeability transition pore --- inorganic phosphate --- hepatic fibrogenesis --- HtrA2/Omi --- reactive oxygen species stress --- mitochondrial homeostasis --- complex I (CI) deficiency --- metabolome and proteome profiling --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- respirasome assembly --- electron tunneling (ET) --- perilipin 5 --- lipid droplet --- H9c2 cardiomyoblasts --- adenine nucleotide translocase --- respiratory supercomplexes --- ETC complexes --- dentate granule cell --- epilepsy --- hyperforin --- LONP1 --- neuroprotection --- pilocarpine --- seizure --- siRNA --- cardioprotection --- mitochondrial permeability transition pores --- mitochondrial connexin 43 --- cardiolipin --- iron overload --- hepcidin --- transferrin --- ferritin --- ZIP --- inflammation --- mtDNA --- mitochondrial dysfunction --- muscle aging --- physical performance --- LHON --- Siberian population --- ancient mutation --- specific genetic background --- apoptosis --- human amniotic membrane --- mitochondrial cell death --- BAX --- BCL-2 --- tensile strength --- mitochondrial gene expression --- mtDNA transcription --- mtRNA --- post-transcriptional mtRNA processing --- dsRNA --- innate immunity --- interferon response --- amino acid neurotransmitter --- cerebellar amino acid metabolism --- hypoxia --- 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase --- tricarboxylic acid cycle --- heart --- cytoskeletal proteins --- mitochondrial interactions --- plectin --- tubulin beta --- signaling --- GW9662 --- ischemia reperfusion injury --- Langendorff --- myocardial --- pioglitazone --- redox state --- rosiglitazone --- TZD --- uncoupling --- ADP/ATP carrier --- KmADP --- dextran --- morphology --- cardiomyocytes --- telomere length --- telomerase activity --- development --- regeneration --- intranuclear mitochondria --- healthy cells --- electron and confocal microscopy --- signaling pathways --- ion homeostasis --- human diseases

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For a long time, the tight junction (TJ) was known to form and regulate the paracellular barrier between epithelia and endothelial cell sheets. Starting shortly after the discovery of the proteins forming the TJ—mainly the two families of claudins and TAMPs—several other functions have been discovered, a striking one being the surprising finding that some claudins form paracellular channels for small ions and/or water. This Special Issue includes 43 articles covering numerous dedicated topics including pathogens affecting the TJ barrier, TJ regulation via immune cells, the TJ as a therapeutic target, TJ and cell polarity, function and regulation by proteins of the tricellular TJ, TJ as a regulator of cellular processes, organ- and tissue-specific functions, TJ as sensors and reacting to environmental conditions, and last but not least, TJ proteins and cancer.

Medicine --- tissue barrier --- tight junction --- claudins --- tricellulin --- tight junctions --- organ preservation --- intestine --- transplantation --- ischemia --- intestinal mucosa --- lung --- epithelia --- interleukin 13 --- UBE2Z --- ubiquitin --- osmolality --- hydrostatic pressure --- cancer --- sensor --- tricellular tight junctions --- endometrial cancer --- epithelial barrier dysfunction --- Claudin-7 --- permeability --- WNK4 --- epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), collecting duct cells --- claudin-1 --- hydrogen peroxide --- phosphorylation --- claudin --- angulin --- drug development --- angubindin-1 --- Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin --- Clostridium perfringens iota-toxin --- antibody --- Mz-ChA-1 cells --- biliary epithelial cells --- phosphatidylcholine --- mucus --- paracellular transport --- atopic dermatitis --- cytokines --- STAT3 --- ZO-2 --- cholestasis --- gene transcription --- hypertrophy --- tumor suppressor --- NLS --- NES --- CaSR --- RhoA --- barrier function --- paracellular permeability --- antidiuretic hormone --- Claudin-14 --- CLDN14 --- hearing loss --- vestibular function --- cochlear implantation --- Hepatitis C Virus --- viral entry --- epidermal barrier --- reconstructed human epidermis --- claudin targeting --- Campylobacter jejuni --- curcumin --- apoptosis --- co-culture --- mouse colon --- TNF --- NFκB --- lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) --- epithelial barrier --- cell–cell contact --- caspase --- kidney stones --- ion reabsorption --- quercetin --- brain barriers --- blood-brain barrier --- neurovascular unit --- blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier --- arachnoid barrier --- glia limitans --- adherens junctions --- paracellular sodium transport --- thick ascending limb --- nephropathy --- HELIX syndrome --- hypokalemia --- hypermagnesemia --- anhidrosis --- gland dysfunction --- aging --- blood–brain barrier --- mutations --- kidney --- liver --- skin --- human --- mice --- disease --- in silico --- drug discovery --- membrane proteins --- protein interactions --- molecular dynamics --- antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis --- Klebsiella oxytoca --- tight junction assembly --- monocytes --- celiac disease --- claudin-2 --- epithelium --- inflammation --- fibrosis --- proliferation --- migration --- tricellular tight junction --- paracellular water transport --- tight epithelium --- MDCK C7 cells --- cell growth --- endothelia --- adherens junction --- apical junctional complex --- AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) --- paracellular barrier --- protein structure --- protein domain --- occludin --- junctional adhesion molecule --- zonula occludens --- MAGUK proteins --- PDZ domain --- stem cell --- chemoresistance --- retinal pigment epithelium --- retinopathy --- barrier formation --- collecting duct --- claudin-5 --- neuropathic pain --- nerve injury --- dorsal root ganglion --- enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) --- tight junctions (TJ) --- polarity --- atypical aPKCζ --- transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) --- sorting nexin 9 (SNX9) --- EspF --- claudin 1 --- tumor --- metastasis --- epithelial to mesenchymal transition --- cerebral cavernous malformation --- endothelial barrier --- Rho --- ROCK --- MEKK3 --- ion transport --- ion channel --- super-resolution microscopy --- structured illumination microscopy --- stimulated emission depletion --- single molecule localization microscopy --- Claudin --- blood-biliary barrier --- chronic liver disease --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- cholangiocellular carcinoma --- NISCH syndrome --- repair --- NHE2 --- ClC-2 --- inflammatory bowel disease --- mucosal immunology --- ZO-1 --- actomyosin --- aquaporin --- drinking rate --- epithelial fluid transport --- enterocyte --- osmoregulation --- paracellular --- proximal tubule --- calcium permeability --- claudin-12 --- paracellular channels and barriers --- cell polarity --- pathogens --- immune cells --- environmental sensors

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For a long time, the tight junction (TJ) was known to form and regulate the paracellular barrier between epithelia and endothelial cell sheets. Starting shortly after the discovery of the proteins forming the TJ—mainly the two families of claudins and TAMPs—several other functions have been discovered, a striking one being the surprising finding that some claudins form paracellular channels for small ions and/or water. This Special Issue includes 43 articles covering numerous dedicated topics including pathogens affecting the TJ barrier, TJ regulation via immune cells, the TJ as a therapeutic target, TJ and cell polarity, function and regulation by proteins of the tricellular TJ, TJ as a regulator of cellular processes, organ- and tissue-specific functions, TJ as sensors and reacting to environmental conditions, and last but not least, TJ proteins and cancer.

tissue barrier --- tight junction --- claudins --- tricellulin --- tight junctions --- organ preservation --- intestine --- transplantation --- ischemia --- intestinal mucosa --- lung --- epithelia --- interleukin 13 --- UBE2Z --- ubiquitin --- osmolality --- hydrostatic pressure --- cancer --- sensor --- tricellular tight junctions --- endometrial cancer --- epithelial barrier dysfunction --- Claudin-7 --- permeability --- WNK4 --- epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), collecting duct cells --- claudin-1 --- hydrogen peroxide --- phosphorylation --- claudin --- angulin --- drug development --- angubindin-1 --- Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin --- Clostridium perfringens iota-toxin --- antibody --- Mz-ChA-1 cells --- biliary epithelial cells --- phosphatidylcholine --- mucus --- paracellular transport --- atopic dermatitis --- cytokines --- STAT3 --- ZO-2 --- cholestasis --- gene transcription --- hypertrophy --- tumor suppressor --- NLS --- NES --- CaSR --- RhoA --- barrier function --- paracellular permeability --- antidiuretic hormone --- Claudin-14 --- CLDN14 --- hearing loss --- vestibular function --- cochlear implantation --- Hepatitis C Virus --- viral entry --- epidermal barrier --- reconstructed human epidermis --- claudin targeting --- Campylobacter jejuni --- curcumin --- apoptosis --- co-culture --- mouse colon --- TNF --- NFκB --- lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) --- epithelial barrier --- cell–cell contact --- caspase --- kidney stones --- ion reabsorption --- quercetin --- brain barriers --- blood-brain barrier --- neurovascular unit --- blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier --- arachnoid barrier --- glia limitans --- adherens junctions --- paracellular sodium transport --- thick ascending limb --- nephropathy --- HELIX syndrome --- hypokalemia --- hypermagnesemia --- anhidrosis --- gland dysfunction --- aging --- blood–brain barrier --- mutations --- kidney --- liver --- skin --- human --- mice --- disease --- in silico --- drug discovery --- membrane proteins --- protein interactions --- molecular dynamics --- antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis --- Klebsiella oxytoca --- tight junction assembly --- monocytes --- celiac disease --- claudin-2 --- epithelium --- inflammation --- fibrosis --- proliferation --- migration --- tricellular tight junction --- paracellular water transport --- tight epithelium --- MDCK C7 cells --- cell growth --- endothelia --- adherens junction --- apical junctional complex --- AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) --- paracellular barrier --- protein structure --- protein domain --- occludin --- junctional adhesion molecule --- zonula occludens --- MAGUK proteins --- PDZ domain --- stem cell --- chemoresistance --- retinal pigment epithelium --- retinopathy --- barrier formation --- collecting duct --- claudin-5 --- neuropathic pain --- nerve injury --- dorsal root ganglion --- enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) --- tight junctions (TJ) --- polarity --- atypical aPKCζ --- transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) --- sorting nexin 9 (SNX9) --- EspF --- claudin 1 --- tumor --- metastasis --- epithelial to mesenchymal transition --- cerebral cavernous malformation --- endothelial barrier --- Rho --- ROCK --- MEKK3 --- ion transport --- ion channel --- super-resolution microscopy --- structured illumination microscopy --- stimulated emission depletion --- single molecule localization microscopy --- Claudin --- blood-biliary barrier --- chronic liver disease --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- cholangiocellular carcinoma --- NISCH syndrome --- repair --- NHE2 --- ClC-2 --- inflammatory bowel disease --- mucosal immunology --- ZO-1 --- actomyosin --- aquaporin --- drinking rate --- epithelial fluid transport --- enterocyte --- osmoregulation --- paracellular --- proximal tubule --- calcium permeability --- claudin-12 --- paracellular channels and barriers --- cell polarity --- pathogens --- immune cells --- environmental sensors

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

For a long time, the tight junction (TJ) was known to form and regulate the paracellular barrier between epithelia and endothelial cell sheets. Starting shortly after the discovery of the proteins forming the TJ—mainly the two families of claudins and TAMPs—several other functions have been discovered, a striking one being the surprising finding that some claudins form paracellular channels for small ions and/or water. This Special Issue includes 43 articles covering numerous dedicated topics including pathogens affecting the TJ barrier, TJ regulation via immune cells, the TJ as a therapeutic target, TJ and cell polarity, function and regulation by proteins of the tricellular TJ, TJ as a regulator of cellular processes, organ- and tissue-specific functions, TJ as sensors and reacting to environmental conditions, and last but not least, TJ proteins and cancer.

Medicine --- tissue barrier --- tight junction --- claudins --- tricellulin --- tight junctions --- organ preservation --- intestine --- transplantation --- ischemia --- intestinal mucosa --- lung --- epithelia --- interleukin 13 --- UBE2Z --- ubiquitin --- osmolality --- hydrostatic pressure --- cancer --- sensor --- tricellular tight junctions --- endometrial cancer --- epithelial barrier dysfunction --- Claudin-7 --- permeability --- WNK4 --- epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), collecting duct cells --- claudin-1 --- hydrogen peroxide --- phosphorylation --- claudin --- angulin --- drug development --- angubindin-1 --- Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin --- Clostridium perfringens iota-toxin --- antibody --- Mz-ChA-1 cells --- biliary epithelial cells --- phosphatidylcholine --- mucus --- paracellular transport --- atopic dermatitis --- cytokines --- STAT3 --- ZO-2 --- cholestasis --- gene transcription --- hypertrophy --- tumor suppressor --- NLS --- NES --- CaSR --- RhoA --- barrier function --- paracellular permeability --- antidiuretic hormone --- Claudin-14 --- CLDN14 --- hearing loss --- vestibular function --- cochlear implantation --- Hepatitis C Virus --- viral entry --- epidermal barrier --- reconstructed human epidermis --- claudin targeting --- Campylobacter jejuni --- curcumin --- apoptosis --- co-culture --- mouse colon --- TNF --- NFκB --- lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) --- epithelial barrier --- cell–cell contact --- caspase --- kidney stones --- ion reabsorption --- quercetin --- brain barriers --- blood-brain barrier --- neurovascular unit --- blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier --- arachnoid barrier --- glia limitans --- adherens junctions --- paracellular sodium transport --- thick ascending limb --- nephropathy --- HELIX syndrome --- hypokalemia --- hypermagnesemia --- anhidrosis --- gland dysfunction --- aging --- blood–brain barrier --- mutations --- kidney --- liver --- skin --- human --- mice --- disease --- in silico --- drug discovery --- membrane proteins --- protein interactions --- molecular dynamics --- antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis --- Klebsiella oxytoca --- tight junction assembly --- monocytes --- celiac disease --- claudin-2 --- epithelium --- inflammation --- fibrosis --- proliferation --- migration --- tricellular tight junction --- paracellular water transport --- tight epithelium --- MDCK C7 cells --- cell growth --- endothelia --- adherens junction --- apical junctional complex --- AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) --- paracellular barrier --- protein structure --- protein domain --- occludin --- junctional adhesion molecule --- zonula occludens --- MAGUK proteins --- PDZ domain --- stem cell --- chemoresistance --- retinal pigment epithelium --- retinopathy --- barrier formation --- collecting duct --- claudin-5 --- neuropathic pain --- nerve injury --- dorsal root ganglion --- enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) --- tight junctions (TJ) --- polarity --- atypical aPKCζ --- transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) --- sorting nexin 9 (SNX9) --- EspF --- claudin 1 --- tumor --- metastasis --- epithelial to mesenchymal transition --- cerebral cavernous malformation --- endothelial barrier --- Rho --- ROCK --- MEKK3 --- ion transport --- ion channel --- super-resolution microscopy --- structured illumination microscopy --- stimulated emission depletion --- single molecule localization microscopy --- Claudin --- blood-biliary barrier --- chronic liver disease --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- cholangiocellular carcinoma --- NISCH syndrome --- repair --- NHE2 --- ClC-2 --- inflammatory bowel disease --- mucosal immunology --- ZO-1 --- actomyosin --- aquaporin --- drinking rate --- epithelial fluid transport --- enterocyte --- osmoregulation --- paracellular --- proximal tubule --- calcium permeability --- claudin-12 --- paracellular channels and barriers --- cell polarity --- pathogens --- immune cells --- environmental sensors