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Various bacteria with hydantoinase activity were recovered from terrestrial soil samples of different geographic origins (Antarctica, South Africa, China). Based on these findings it is shown that microorganisms with hydantoinase activity are (i) distributed in various geographically distinct environmental habitats (ii) distributed worldwide (iii) found in certain bacterial genera.

Delftia --- Bacillus --- enzyme characterisation --- hydantoinase --- halophile --- Ochrobactrum

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In this work the influence of normal force on the shear behavior of carbon fiber fabric during the draping process at different temperatures is investigated. For this purpose an extended test method based on the picture frame test is developed and its suitability tested. The normal force and the visco-elastic friction of the binder particles applied to the fabric show a significant increase in shear resistance.

Normalkraft --- Gewebe --- Binder --- Shear Deformation --- Materialcharakterisierung --- Material Characterisation --- Normal Force --- Scherdeformation --- Fabric

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The SARS-Cov-2 covid-19 pandemic outbreak continues to claim victims to this day. As the vaccine is ineffective for completely eradicating the virus, there is an urgent need to look at other solutions, including developing antivirals.
Lipopeptides, particularly surfactin, have been recognized for their antiviral activity against several enveloped viruses. However, a better comprehension of their mode of action is necessary to develop antivirals based on those lipopeptides. Moreover, studying several variants allows a better insight into the relationships between the structure of lipopeptides and their antiviral activity.
In this work, a biophysical approach involving the use of liposomes as membrane biomimetic models was used. Four liposome models were created, including one aiming to mimic the host cell plasma membrane and one seeking to mimic the viral membrane.
The effect of surfactin variants on membrane permeability and fluidity was analyzed on these biomimetic liposomes.
Several mechanisms have been suggested to explain the surfactins action on liposomes. It was hypothesized that some variants had two-stage effects on membranes incorporating lipids such as cholesterol and PE. These lipids, potentially at the origin of this biphasic mechanism, could make the membrane more resistant to high surfactin concentrations. It was also hypothesized that the structure of some variants might influence the toxicity of surfactins on the membranes. Finally, it was observed that the studied variants might be more toxic on biological mimicking membranes than viral ones. Further studies are nevertheless mandatory to assert all these hypotheses.

Coronavirus --- Liposomes --- Characterisation --- Biophysics --- Membranes --- Surfactin --- Lipopeptides --- In vitro --- Sciences du vivant > Multidisciplinaire, généralités & autres

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The state of the art in the optical characterization of materials is advancing rapidly. New insights have been gained into the theoretical foundations of this research and exciting developments have been made in practice, driven by new applications and innovative sensor technologies that are constantly evolving. The great success of past conferences proves the necessity of a platform for presentation, discussion and evaluation of the latest research results in this interdisciplinary field.

Electrical engineering --- Charakterisierung von Materialien --- Hyperspektral --- multispektrale Bildanalyse --- Röntgenmethoden --- Recycling --- characterisation of materials --- hyperspectral --- multispectral image analysis --- X-ray methods --- recycling

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This book is made up of contributions dealing with heritage stones from different countries around the world. The stones are described, as well as their use in vernacular and contemporaneous architecture. Heritage stones are those stones that have special significance in human culture. Examples include some very important stones that have been either neglected because they are no longer extracted, or stones that have great significance in commercial terms but knowledge of their national and/or international heritage has not been well documented. In this collection of articles, we have tried to spread awareness of architectural heritage around the world, the natural stones that have been used in its construction, and the need to preserve historical quarries that once provided the source of such stones. Historical quarries are linked to regional culture and tradition. Because of the specific technical and aesthetical characteristics of heritage stones, which have lasted for centuries, these historical quarries should be preserved to be able to use the stones for the proper restoration of monuments and historical buildings to avoid negative actions that can be observed in many places in the restoration of buildings, which are some times part of World Heritage sites. The final intention of this book is to continuosly grow the interest on this fascinating subject of heritage stones.

Cheomseongdae --- building stones --- petrographic analysis --- the bay of Kotor --- quarry characterisation --- architectural heritage --- cultural heritage conservation --- ultrafast pulse laser --- archaeometry --- Sopo?ani --- marble deposits --- Guadeloupe --- architectural conservation --- multiscale roughness --- rocks characterization --- cultural stone --- restoration --- pyroclastic rock --- Duomo di Milano --- dolostone --- geological heritage --- historical and Archaeological sites --- modern principles of double-layered ventilated roofs --- heritage --- Bargiolina --- dynamic centrifuge test --- sustainability --- cultural heritage --- geoheritage --- market --- marble --- serpentinites --- Western Alps --- SEM-EDS --- Unesco World Heritage Site --- UNESCO World Heritage List --- Studenica --- kaolin --- Coimbra Formation --- eastern Caribbean --- dimension stone --- laser surface texturing --- 2016 Gyeongju Earthquake --- houses based on natural stone --- industrial minerals --- wettability properties --- fracturing pattern --- natural stone --- Gyeongju Historic Areas --- ancient seismic design technique --- Martinique --- quartzite --- site-specific ground response analysis --- stone architectural heritage --- French West Indies --- Sardinia --- quarrying --- quarries --- stone architecture heritage --- Candoglia marble --- UNESCO cultural heritage --- site characterisation --- hydrophobicity --- Chianocco marble --- conservation requirements --- management --- heritage stone --- isotopic analysis