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Les bio-insecticides ont vu leur popularité augmenter au cours des dernières décennies. Les champignons entomopathogènes font partie des alternatives aux pesticides chimiques. Aspergillus flavus Link et Metarhizium acridum (Driver & Milner) JF Bischoff, Rehner & Humber sont des agents de bio-contrôle dont l’action insecticide a déjà été attestée. C’est pourquoi les effets d’agents fongiques issus de ces organismes ont été évalués sur deux ravageurs de culture, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) et Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris, 1776), ainsi que sur un prédateur de pucerons, Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer, 1776). Des formulations de surnageant de culture d’A. flavus (6 concentrations) et de suspensions de spores de M. acridum (10³ à 107 spores/mL) ont été pulvérisées sur A. pisum. Les résultats obtenus n’ont pas permis de déterminer d’effet significatif de ces agents. Ensuite, une étude multitrophique a été réalisée pour assurer la compatibilité des agents potentiels avec les principes de la lutte intégrée. Dès lors, l’effet des spores de M. acridum et d’A. flavus ainsi que le surnageant de ce dernier a été évalué sur des larves de syrphes par contact, ainsi que par ingestion pour les spores d’A. flavus. Aucune différence significative entre les traitements et le témoin n’a pu être mise en évidence, quel que soit la durée d’exposition ou la concentration. Finalement, l’action des spores des deux champignons a été testée sur T.absoluta par le biais de diètes artificielles (de 10³ à 105 spores/mL). M. acridum n’a pas démontré d’effet insecticide significatif durant l’expérience, tandis qu’après 3 jours les traitements à 104 et 105 spores/mL d’A. flavus ont démontré une action insecticide. Enfin, les profils protéiques des surnageants de cultures en biofilm des deux souches ont été comparés qualitativement par électrophorèse 2D et analyse MALDI-TOF-MS-MS. Le faible nombre de protéines identifiées ne permet pas de différencier les profils fongiques comparés. Bioinsecticides have gained popularity in the last decades. Entomopathogenic fungi are one of the alternatives to chemical pesticides. Aspergillus flavus Link and Metarhizium acridum (Driver & Milner) JF Bischoff, Rehner & Humber are bio-control agents of which insecticidal action has already been attested. Therefore the effects of fungal agents from those organisms were assessed on two culture pests, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris, 1776), as well as an aphid predator, Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer, 1776). Formulations of culture supernatants (6 concentrations) and spores suspensions (10³ to 107 spores/mL) were pulverized on A. pisum. The results did not enable the assessment of significant effects of these bioagents. A multitrophic study was performed to ensure the compatibility of the potential biocidal agents with integrated pest management principles. Henceforth, spores effect of M. acridum, A. flavus and its supernatant were assessed on syrphid larvae by contact, and also by ingestion for A. flavus spores. No significant difference between control and treatments was highlighted, regardless of the time duration or the tested concentration. Finally, spores actions of both fungi were tested on T. absoluta via artificial diets (from 10³ to105 spores/mL). M. acridum did not show any significant insecticidal effect during the experiment, whereas after 3 days the 104 and 105spores/mL formulation of A. flavus treatments demonstrated an insecticidal effect. Lastly, the proteins profiles of the biofilm cultures supernatants were qualitatively compared by 2D electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF-MS-MS analysis. Due to the low level of identified proteins, profiles from both fungal productions could not be differentiated.

Aspergillus flavus --- Metarhizium anisopliae --- spores --- sunageant de culture --- Acyrthociphon pisum --- Episyrphus balteatus --- Tuta absoluta --- champignon entomopathogène --- bio-insecticide --- Aspergillus flavus --- Metarhizium anisopliae --- spores --- culture supernatant --- Acyrthosiphon pisum --- Episyrphus balteatus --- Tuta absoluta --- Entomopathogenic fungus --- bioinsecticide --- Sciences du vivant > Agriculture & agronomie

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Proefschriften --- Thèses --- Scarabaeidae --- Ravageur des plantes --- pests of plants --- Champignon entomopathogène --- Entomogenous fungi --- Nématode entomopathogène --- Entomophilic nematodes --- Lutte biologique --- Biological control --- Steinernema feltiae --- Photorhabdus luminescens --- Metarhizium --- Beauveria --- Paecilomyces --- Belgium --- 595.764 --- 632.7 --- 632.937.11 --- 632.937.14 --- Lamellicornia. Scarabeidae. Dung-beetles. Chafers. Cockchafer (maybug, rookworm). Summer chafer (June bug). Garden chafer (bracken clock). Lucanidae. Stag beetles. Rhinoceros beetles --- Insects injurious to plants --- Invertebrates (other than Insecta). Mites --- Fungi --- Theses --- Sciences and engineering --- biological sciences --- biology --- entomology --- 632.937.14 Fungi --- 632.937.11 Invertebrates (other than Insecta). Mites --- 632.7 Insects injurious to plants --- 595.764 Lamellicornia. Scarabeidae. Dung-beetles. Chafers. Cockchafer (maybug, rookworm). Summer chafer (June bug). Garden chafer (bracken clock). Lucanidae. Stag beetles. Rhinoceros beetles --- entomology. --- Heterorhabditis megidis --- Steinernema glaseri --- Xenorhabdus bovienii --- Xenorhabdus poinarii --- Biological sciences --- Biology --- Entomology.

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Champignon entomopathogène --- Entomogenous fungi --- Champignon nématophage --- Nematophagous fungi --- Croissance --- Growth --- Mycorhizé --- Mycorrhizae --- Plante --- plants --- Développement biologique --- biological development --- Lutte biologique --- Biological control --- Biotechnologie --- Biotechnology --- Champignon --- Fungi --- Great Britain --- 66.098 --- 582.28 --- 631.847 --- 632.937.14 --- -Growth (Plants) --- Plant propagation --- Plant-fungus relationships --- Fungal-plant interactions --- Fungi and plants --- Fungi-plant relationships --- Fungus-plant interactions --- Fungus-plant relationships --- Interactions, Plant-fungus --- Plant-fungi relationships --- Plant-fungus interactions --- Plants and fungi --- Relationships, Plant-fungus --- Plant ecology --- Endophytic fungi --- Phytopathogenic fungi --- Propagation of plants --- Horticulture --- Plants --- Plant growth --- Plant physiology --- Meristems --- Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria --- Rejuvenescence (Botany) --- Fungal kingdom --- Fungus kingdom --- Funguses --- Mycobiota --- Mycota --- Cryptogams --- Mycology --- Biological processes. Biotechnology --- Eumycetes. True fungi. Moulds. Mycology --- Vegetable nitrogen fertilizers. Bacterial and mycorrhizal inoculation of soil --- Ecology --- Host plants --- Reproduction --- Development --- Growth (Plants) --- Plant propagation. --- Plant-fungus relationships. --- Biotechnology. --- FUN Fungi & Lichenes --- mycorrhizae --- symposium proceedings --- Growth (Plants). --- 66.098 Biological processes. Biotechnology --- 632.937.14 Fungi --- 631.847 Vegetable nitrogen fertilizers. Bacterial and mycorrhizal inoculation of soil --- 582.28 Eumycetes. True fungi. Moulds. Mycology --- Fungal biotechnology --- Mycoherbicide