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Due to their distinctive properties, ionic liquids have attracted the great and unflagging interest of researchers for over 30 years. This interest has been focused mainly on their use as a green alternative to volatile organic solvents. However, they often act not only as solvents but also as catalysts, catalyst immobilizers and initiators. Over 100 types of chemical reactions are known in which ionic liquids (ILs) were applied successfully. This Special Issue is aimed at showing the most recent advances and trends in the design, synthesis and characterization of catalysts based on ILs, as well as presenting their activity and application potential.

oxidation --- N-hydroxyphthalimide --- immobilization --- ionic liquids --- SCILL --- plasticizers --- acidic catalysis --- terephthalate esters --- ortho-phthalate esters --- esterification --- solvents --- hydrosilylation --- alkynes --- heterogeneous catalysis --- rhodium catalysts --- cellulose --- deep eutectic solvents --- 5-HMF --- biphasic system --- homogeneous catalysis --- supercritical CO2 --- borylative coupling --- catalyst recycling --- green chemistry --- ruthenium catalyst --- vinyl boronates --- organoboron compounds --- biomass --- microwaves --- Michael reaction --- chalcone --- dimethylmalonate --- biphasic catalysis --- platinum complexes --- acidic ionic liquid --- Eucalyptus wood --- furfural --- levulinic acid --- supported ionic liquid catalyst (SILCA) --- palladium --- Heck reaction --- catalyst screening --- optimization --- hydrothermal liquefaction of cellulose --- cellulose recovery and bleaching --- paper industry sludge --- municipal primary sludge --- value-added chemicals --- ionic liquid --- heterogeneous catalyst --- SILPC --- porous ionic liquids --- supported ionic liquid phase --- n/a

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In this book is reported novel information on diagnosis, treatment, and control of parasites that are naturally transmitted from animal reservoirs to humans. Subjects: Public Health and Healthcare: Prevention; Medicine and Pharmacology: Therapy.

Research & information: general --- canine vector-borne disease --- blocking primers --- blood DNA extraction --- next-generation sequencing --- kit contaminant bacteria --- mosquito-borne disease --- pest control --- insecticide resistance --- biological control --- paratransgenesis --- Wolbachia --- Asaia --- Bacillus --- Strongyloides stercoralis --- soil-transmitted helminths --- hookworms --- zoonotic parasites --- Australian remote communities --- One Health --- biting midges --- vector --- mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I --- C. gornostaevae --- C. griseidorsum --- C. pallidicornis --- onchocerciasis --- Onchocerca volvulus --- antibodies --- diagnosis --- OV16 testing --- microfilariae --- epilepsy --- Dirofilaria immitis --- modified Knott's test --- ELISA --- immune complex dissociation --- serological assays --- bacterial profile --- cox1 --- Haemaphysalis bancrofti --- Ixodes holocyclus --- Ixodes trichosuri --- Ixodes tasmani --- V3-V4 16S rRNA gene --- mosquito virome --- CRESS-DNA viruses --- CyCV-VN --- insect-specific viruses --- ISV --- BatCV --- Leishmania --- protozoan parasite --- epidemiology --- environment --- Toxocara --- multiple sclerosis --- association --- meta-analysis --- Transphlebotomus --- Central Europe --- autoimmunofluorescence --- MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry --- genotyping --- leishmaniasis --- Polygonum salicifolium --- chalcone --- flavanone --- Leishmania mexicana --- Trypanosoma brucei brucei --- Trypanosoma congolense --- Canis lupus --- Vulpes vulpes --- Sarcoptes scabiei --- PCR --- serology --- Iberian Peninsula --- toxoplasmosis --- animals --- native antigens --- recombinant antigens --- Echinococcus --- NaOH --- LAMP --- DNA extraction --- taeniid egg isolation --- schistosomiasis --- Schistosoma japonicum --- right open reading frame protein kinase (riok) genes --- riok-1 --- RIOK-1 --- double-stranded RNA interference (RNAi) --- chemical inhibition --- toyocamycin --- developmental and reproductive biology --- blood filter paper --- Chagas disease --- Nobuto strip --- Trypanosoma cruzi --- mammalian surveillance --- neglected tropical diseases --- Culex pipiens s. l. --- Culex torrentium --- Culiseta glaphyroptera --- caves --- subterranean environment --- Luxembourg --- Germany --- canine vector-borne disease --- blocking primers --- blood DNA extraction --- next-generation sequencing --- kit contaminant bacteria --- mosquito-borne disease --- pest control --- insecticide resistance --- biological control --- paratransgenesis --- Wolbachia --- Asaia --- Bacillus --- Strongyloides stercoralis --- soil-transmitted helminths --- hookworms --- zoonotic parasites --- Australian remote communities --- One Health --- biting midges --- vector --- mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I --- C. gornostaevae --- C. griseidorsum --- C. pallidicornis --- onchocerciasis --- Onchocerca volvulus --- antibodies --- diagnosis --- OV16 testing --- microfilariae --- epilepsy --- Dirofilaria immitis --- modified Knott's test --- ELISA --- immune complex dissociation --- serological assays --- bacterial profile --- cox1 --- Haemaphysalis bancrofti --- Ixodes holocyclus --- Ixodes trichosuri --- Ixodes tasmani --- V3-V4 16S rRNA gene --- mosquito virome --- CRESS-DNA viruses --- CyCV-VN --- insect-specific viruses --- ISV --- BatCV --- Leishmania --- protozoan parasite --- epidemiology --- environment --- Toxocara --- multiple sclerosis --- association --- meta-analysis --- Transphlebotomus --- Central Europe --- autoimmunofluorescence --- MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry --- genotyping --- leishmaniasis --- Polygonum salicifolium --- chalcone --- flavanone --- Leishmania mexicana --- Trypanosoma brucei brucei --- Trypanosoma congolense --- Canis lupus --- Vulpes vulpes --- Sarcoptes scabiei --- PCR --- serology --- Iberian Peninsula --- toxoplasmosis --- animals --- native antigens --- recombinant antigens --- Echinococcus --- NaOH --- LAMP --- DNA extraction --- taeniid egg isolation --- schistosomiasis --- Schistosoma japonicum --- right open reading frame protein kinase (riok) genes --- riok-1 --- RIOK-1 --- double-stranded RNA interference (RNAi) --- chemical inhibition --- toyocamycin --- developmental and reproductive biology --- blood filter paper --- Chagas disease --- Nobuto strip --- Trypanosoma cruzi --- mammalian surveillance --- neglected tropical diseases --- Culex pipiens s. l. --- Culex torrentium --- Culiseta glaphyroptera --- caves --- subterranean environment --- Luxembourg --- Germany

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In this book is reported novel information on diagnosis, treatment, and control of parasites that are naturally transmitted from animal reservoirs to humans. Subjects: Public Health and Healthcare: Prevention; Medicine and Pharmacology: Therapy.

Research & information: general --- canine vector-borne disease --- blocking primers --- blood DNA extraction --- next-generation sequencing --- kit contaminant bacteria --- mosquito-borne disease --- pest control --- insecticide resistance --- biological control --- paratransgenesis --- Wolbachia --- Asaia --- Bacillus --- Strongyloides stercoralis --- soil-transmitted helminths --- hookworms --- zoonotic parasites --- Australian remote communities --- One Health --- biting midges --- vector --- mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I --- C. gornostaevae --- C. griseidorsum --- C. pallidicornis --- onchocerciasis --- Onchocerca volvulus --- antibodies --- diagnosis --- OV16 testing --- microfilariae --- epilepsy --- Dirofilaria immitis --- modified Knott’s test --- ELISA --- immune complex dissociation --- serological assays --- bacterial profile --- cox1 --- Haemaphysalis bancrofti --- Ixodes holocyclus --- Ixodes trichosuri --- Ixodes tasmani --- V3-V4 16S rRNA gene --- mosquito virome --- CRESS-DNA viruses --- CyCV-VN --- insect-specific viruses --- ISV --- BatCV --- Leishmania --- protozoan parasite --- epidemiology --- environment --- Toxocara --- multiple sclerosis --- association --- meta-analysis --- Transphlebotomus --- Central Europe --- autoimmunofluorescence --- MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry --- genotyping --- leishmaniasis --- Polygonum salicifolium --- chalcone --- flavanone --- Leishmania mexicana --- Trypanosoma brucei brucei --- Trypanosoma congolense --- Canis lupus --- Vulpes vulpes --- Sarcoptes scabiei --- PCR --- serology --- Iberian Peninsula --- toxoplasmosis --- animals --- native antigens --- recombinant antigens --- Echinococcus --- NaOH --- LAMP --- DNA extraction --- taeniid egg isolation --- schistosomiasis --- Schistosoma japonicum --- right open reading frame protein kinase (riok) genes --- riok-1 --- RIOK-1 --- double-stranded RNA interference (RNAi) --- chemical inhibition --- toyocamycin --- developmental and reproductive biology --- blood filter paper --- Chagas disease --- Nobuto strip --- Trypanosoma cruzi --- mammalian surveillance --- neglected tropical diseases --- Culex pipiens s. l. --- Culex torrentium --- Culiseta glaphyroptera --- caves --- subterranean environment --- Luxembourg --- Germany --- n/a --- modified Knott's test

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Coumarins are widely distributed in nature and can be found in a large number of naturally occurring and synthetic bioactive molecules. The unique and versatile oxygen-containing heterocyclic structure makes them a privileged scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry. Many coumarin derivatives have been extracted from natural sources, designed, synthetized, and evaluated on different pharmacological targets. In addition, coumarin-based ion receptors, fluorescent probes, and biological stains are growing quickly and have extensive applications to monitor timely enzyme activity, complex biological events, as well as accurate pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties in living cells. The extraction, synthesis, and biological evaluation of coumarins have become extremely attractive and rapidly developing topics. A large number of research and review papers have compiled information on this important family of compounds in 2020. Research articles, reviews, communications, and concept papers focused on the multidisciplinary profile of coumarins, highlighting natural sources, most recent synthetic pathways, along with the main biological applications and theoretical studies, were the main focus of this book. The huge and growing range of applications of coumarins described in this book is a demonstration of the potential of this family of compounds in Organic Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, and different sciences related to the study of natural products. This book includes 23 articles: 17 original papers and six review papers.

coumarin --- hydroxyl-modified coumarin --- photophysical --- thermal and structural characterization --- Glycyrrhiza uralensis --- glycyrol --- liquiritigenin --- cholinesterases --- human monoamine oxidases --- kinetics --- docking simulation --- chalcone --- neurodegenerative diseases --- adenosine receptors --- binding affinity --- docking --- 4-hydroxy-7-methoxycoumarin --- macrophage --- inflammation --- NF-κB --- MAPK --- calanolides --- pseudocalanolides --- calanolide A --- Calophyllum --- Calophyllaceae --- anti-HIV --- reverse transcriptase --- non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) --- osthole --- umbelliferone --- esculin --- 4-hydroxycoumarin --- sorafenib --- apoptosis --- autophagy --- Yin Chen Hao --- constitutive androstane receptor --- scoparone --- coumarins --- quorum sensing --- QS inhibitors --- plant-derived molecules --- Chromobacterium violaceum --- immunoproteasome --- psoralen core --- non-peptidic --- electrophilic compounds --- warhead scan --- inflammatory bowel disease --- isocoumarin --- Crohn’s disease --- ulcerative colitis --- glutathione --- oxidative stress --- complementary therapies --- intestinal inflammation --- benzopyrones --- five-membered aromatic heterocycles --- furan --- pyrrole --- thiophene --- selenophen --- dihydrocoumarin-fused dihydropyranones --- 3-aroylcoumarines --- benzyl 2,3-butadienoate --- 6’-(4-biphenyl)-β-iso-cinchonine --- biological applications --- drug discovery --- fluorescent probes --- warfarin --- acenocoumarol --- mechanical valve --- time in therapeutic range --- anticoagulation --- Ruta chalepensis --- Rutaceae --- chalepin --- chalepensin --- bioactivity --- biosynthesis --- coumarin3-carboxamides --- pyranocoumarins --- anticancer activity --- antibacterial activity --- free radical polymerization --- LED --- photocomposites --- direct laser write --- analytical methods --- model plant --- natural genetic variation --- natural products --- simple coumarins --- chalcocoumarin --- MAO-B --- molecular dynamics --- in silico studies --- dye-sensitized solar cells --- coumarin dyes --- thieno [3,2-b] thiophene --- charge transfer --- ethynylaryl --- esculetin --- antiplatelet activity --- impedance aggregometry --- COX --- polyphenols --- pyrazole --- imidazole --- thiazole --- oxazole --- triazole --- thiadiazole --- curcumin --- curcumin–coumarin hybrids --- neuroprotection --- monoamine oxidase inhibition --- cholinesterase inhibition --- scavenging activity --- Escherichia coli --- biotransformation --- ferulenol --- structural annotation --- in silico tools --- n/a --- Crohn's disease --- 6'-(4-biphenyl)-β-iso-cinchonine --- curcumin-coumarin hybrids

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The Special Issue "Anticancer Drugs 2021" of Pharmaceuticals is focused on recent significant advances in the design, synthesis, molecular mechanism of action and therapeutic applications of anticancer drugs. This collection of preclinical research papers and reviews includes designed chemotherapeutic agents, targeted therapies and biological agents. The rationalization for the biological activity of these drugs is presented, which helps to guide the design of more effective agents. Structure–activity relationships, together with the biological context in which targets are selected for oncology drug development, are also considered.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- thymidylate synthase --- cytotoxicity --- 1,2,3-triazole --- 1,3,4-oxadiazole --- 5-fluoruracil --- pemetrexed --- docking --- 3,4'-bis-guanidino --- 3-amino-4'-guanidino --- diphenyl ether --- phenyl pyridyl ether --- intramolecular hydrogen bond --- cancer cell viability --- HL-60 --- BRAF --- apoptosis --- thieno[2,3-d][1,2,3]triazine --- acetamide --- H1299 --- HER2 --- EGFR --- Bcl-2 inhibitors --- Indole-based analogues --- benzimidazole --- MTT cytotoxic assay --- cell cycle analysis --- DNA fragmentation --- ELISA --- solid/lipid nanoparticles --- phenstatin --- letrozole --- tubulin polymerisation inhibitor --- aromatase inhibitor --- breast cancer --- hybrid molecule --- dual-targeting molecule --- designed multiple ligand --- NaMSA --- cyclophosphamide --- histopathology --- testis --- urinary bladder --- anticancer agents --- enantioselective synthesis --- gastric adenocarcinoma --- tryptophanol --- concentration-guided dosing --- model informed dosing --- physiologically based pharmacokinetics --- sorafenib --- tyrosil-DNA-phosphodiesterase 1 --- adamantane --- resin acid --- TDP1 --- cytotoxic agents --- apoptosis induction --- HT-29 cells --- MDA-MB-231 cells --- mechanism prediction --- STAT inhibitors --- miR-21 --- hydrazide derivatives --- nitrogen scaffolds --- mitoxantrone --- cardiotoxicity --- inflammation --- oxidative stress --- age --- cumulative dose --- Trk --- NTRK --- tissue-agnostic --- larotrectinib --- entrectinib --- Trk fusion --- protein kinase inhibitors --- USFDA --- cancer --- patent review --- generic product --- doxazosin --- MD simulations --- combretastatin A-4 --- cytotoxic activity --- hybrid compounds --- indazole --- mucin --- MUC1 --- MUC16 --- immunotherapy --- cancer vaccine --- CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) --- ADC (antibody-drug conjugate) --- thiourea --- interleukin-6 --- trypan blue assay --- chalcones --- exportin-1 --- covalent binding --- CovDock --- anticancer activity --- xanthone --- in vitro --- in vivo --- isolation --- synthesis --- heterocyclic compound --- benzenesulfonamides --- imidazoles --- alkylated --- colony formation --- tumor spheroids --- HDAC inhibitors --- chalcone --- dual inhibitors --- carvedilol --- kidney --- toxicity --- 7-deaza-4'-thioadenosine derivatives --- multi-kinase inhibitor --- anticancer --- nucleoside --- Imiquimod --- drug efflux --- multidrug resistance --- Toll-Like Receptor --- thymidylate synthase --- cytotoxicity --- 1,2,3-triazole --- 1,3,4-oxadiazole --- 5-fluoruracil --- pemetrexed --- docking --- 3,4'-bis-guanidino --- 3-amino-4'-guanidino --- diphenyl ether --- phenyl pyridyl ether --- intramolecular hydrogen bond --- cancer cell viability --- HL-60 --- BRAF --- apoptosis --- thieno[2,3-d][1,2,3]triazine --- acetamide --- H1299 --- HER2 --- EGFR --- Bcl-2 inhibitors --- Indole-based analogues --- benzimidazole --- MTT cytotoxic assay --- cell cycle analysis --- DNA fragmentation --- ELISA --- solid/lipid nanoparticles --- phenstatin --- letrozole --- tubulin polymerisation inhibitor --- aromatase inhibitor --- breast cancer --- hybrid molecule --- dual-targeting molecule --- designed multiple ligand --- NaMSA --- cyclophosphamide --- histopathology --- testis --- urinary bladder --- anticancer agents --- enantioselective synthesis --- gastric adenocarcinoma --- tryptophanol --- concentration-guided dosing --- model informed dosing --- physiologically based pharmacokinetics --- sorafenib --- tyrosil-DNA-phosphodiesterase 1 --- adamantane --- resin acid --- TDP1 --- cytotoxic agents --- apoptosis induction --- HT-29 cells --- MDA-MB-231 cells --- mechanism prediction --- STAT inhibitors --- miR-21 --- hydrazide derivatives --- nitrogen scaffolds --- mitoxantrone --- cardiotoxicity --- inflammation --- oxidative stress --- age --- cumulative dose --- Trk --- NTRK --- tissue-agnostic --- larotrectinib --- entrectinib --- Trk fusion --- protein kinase inhibitors --- USFDA --- cancer --- patent review --- generic product --- doxazosin --- MD simulations --- combretastatin A-4 --- cytotoxic activity --- hybrid compounds --- indazole --- mucin --- MUC1 --- MUC16 --- immunotherapy --- cancer vaccine --- CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) --- ADC (antibody-drug conjugate) --- thiourea --- interleukin-6 --- trypan blue assay --- chalcones --- exportin-1 --- covalent binding --- CovDock --- anticancer activity --- xanthone --- in vitro --- in vivo --- isolation --- synthesis --- heterocyclic compound --- benzenesulfonamides --- imidazoles --- alkylated --- colony formation --- tumor spheroids --- HDAC inhibitors --- chalcone --- dual inhibitors --- carvedilol --- kidney --- toxicity --- 7-deaza-4'-thioadenosine derivatives --- multi-kinase inhibitor --- anticancer --- nucleoside --- Imiquimod --- drug efflux --- multidrug resistance --- Toll-Like Receptor