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In this book, the performance of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts applied in biomass processing was assessed, paying special attention to the main advantages and challenges related to their use. Indeed, these challenges are opportunities to develop new research lines that could be fruitful in the near future. Thus, different studies are included, dealing with diverse subjects, with one main goal in common: the improvement of different aspects related to biomass processing through the use of catalysts.

Research & information: general --- nanospheroids --- zinc-doped CaO --- natural triglycerides --- aminolysis --- heterogeneous catalyst --- recyclability --- catalyst --- sodium hydroxide --- fatty acid methyl ester --- central composite rotatable design --- operational conditions --- aerated irrigation --- soil enzyme activity --- soil microbial biomass --- soil respiration --- bio-derived phenol --- Ni-Cu-Co/Al2O3 --- in-situ hydrodeoxygenation --- cyclohexane --- hydrogenolysis --- biomass --- 5-hydroxymethylfurfural --- 2,5-furandicrboxylic acid --- aerobic oxidation --- metal catalysts --- acid catalysis --- biodiesel --- biofuel --- esterification --- fatty acid --- methanolysis --- molybdenum oxide --- transesterification --- vegetable oil --- fatty acid methyl esters --- 2-ethyl-1-hexanol --- 1-heptanol --- 4-methyl-2-pentanol --- viscosity --- flash and combustion points --- methyl oleate --- methyl ricinoleate --- cellulase --- cellulose --- paper sludge --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae --- synergism --- furfural --- carbon-supported catalyst --- xylose conversion --- iron --- heterogeneous catalysts --- thermoset polymer --- epoxy --- cellulose nanofiber --- curing characteristics --- thermal properties --- mechanical properties --- RSM --- numerical optimization --- keratinase --- feather --- Bacillus sp. --- amino acids --- n/a

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The development of new foods or nutraceuticals with health benefits is among today’s most important issues, which presents an opportune moment for the food and/or pharmaceutical industries. However, the launch of new products should be supported by strong scientific evidence on the health benefits attributable to the intake of these bioactive food ingredients. Studies focusing on changes during the storage conditions, digestion process, intestinal absorption rates, biological mechanisms of action, or bioactivity of their metabolites are also required to establish the real contribution of these compounds to the health status of today’s societies

Humanities --- Social interaction --- phytochemicals --- antioxidant --- antinausea --- antiobesity --- anticancer --- anti-inflammatory --- ‘Cara Cara’ juice --- storage --- hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant --- carotenoid --- flavonoid --- degradation --- dried distilled spent grain (DDSG) --- melanoidins --- content --- structure --- antioxidant activity --- ACE-inhibitory activity --- beverages --- brewing method --- antioxidant potential --- total polyphenols content --- mineral composition --- grape stem --- phenolic compounds --- central composite rotatable design --- sustainable food systems --- pressurized liquid extraction --- side streams valorisation --- curcumin --- milk proteins --- nanoparticles --- antimicrobial activities --- bioactive peptides --- hypertension --- functional food --- metabolic syndrome --- microbiota --- insulin sensitivity --- polyphenols --- grape pomace --- donkey milk (DM) --- donkey colostrum (DC) --- mammal’s milk --- cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) --- biologic activity --- immunosenescence --- health benefits --- cryoconcentration --- calafate juice --- storage time --- physicochemical properties --- bioactive compounds --- sensorial analysis --- apitherapy --- royal jelly --- propolis --- bee pollen --- sarcopenia --- dietary interventions --- muscle --- skeletal --- muscle wasting --- physical performance --- coronavirus disease 2019 --- COVID-19 --- body composition --- lean body mass --- insulin resistance --- mitochondrial dysfunction --- satellite stem cells --- polysaccharide purification --- anti-obesity --- proliferation --- PPARγ --- biological activities --- isolation --- analysis --- mechanism of action --- bioaccessibility --- intestinal absorption --- bioavailability

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In this book, the performance of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts applied in biomass processing was assessed, paying special attention to the main advantages and challenges related to their use. Indeed, these challenges are opportunities to develop new research lines that could be fruitful in the near future. Thus, different studies are included, dealing with diverse subjects, with one main goal in common: the improvement of different aspects related to biomass processing through the use of catalysts.

nanospheroids --- zinc-doped CaO --- natural triglycerides --- aminolysis --- heterogeneous catalyst --- recyclability --- catalyst --- sodium hydroxide --- fatty acid methyl ester --- central composite rotatable design --- operational conditions --- aerated irrigation --- soil enzyme activity --- soil microbial biomass --- soil respiration --- bio-derived phenol --- Ni-Cu-Co/Al2O3 --- in-situ hydrodeoxygenation --- cyclohexane --- hydrogenolysis --- biomass --- 5-hydroxymethylfurfural --- 2,5-furandicrboxylic acid --- aerobic oxidation --- metal catalysts --- acid catalysis --- biodiesel --- biofuel --- esterification --- fatty acid --- methanolysis --- molybdenum oxide --- transesterification --- vegetable oil --- fatty acid methyl esters --- 2-ethyl-1-hexanol --- 1-heptanol --- 4-methyl-2-pentanol --- viscosity --- flash and combustion points --- methyl oleate --- methyl ricinoleate --- cellulase --- cellulose --- paper sludge --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae --- synergism --- furfural --- carbon-supported catalyst --- xylose conversion --- iron --- heterogeneous catalysts --- thermoset polymer --- epoxy --- cellulose nanofiber --- curing characteristics --- thermal properties --- mechanical properties --- RSM --- numerical optimization --- keratinase --- feather --- Bacillus sp. --- amino acids --- n/a

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Lipid-based nanosystems, including solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), cationic lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and liposomes, have been extensively studied to improve drug delivery through different administration routes. The main advantages of these systems are their ability to protect, transport, and control the release of lipophilic and hydrophilic molecules (either small-molecular-weight molecules or macromolecules); the use of generally recognized as safe (GRAS) excipients that minimize the toxicity of the formulations; and the possibility to modulate pharmacokinetics and enable the site-specific delivery of encapsulated payloads. In addition, the versatility of lipid-based nanosystems has further been demonstrated for the delivery of vaccines, the protection of active cosmetic ingredients, and the improvement of moisturizing properties of cosmetic formulations.Lipid-based nanosystems are well established and there are already different commercially approved formulations for various human disorders. This success has paved the way for the diversification of the pipeline of development, to address unmet medical needs for several indications, such as cancer, neurological disorders, and autoimmune, genetic, and infectious diseases.This Special Issue aims to update readers on the latest research on lipid-based nanosystems, both at the preclinical and clinical levels. A series of 15 articles (six reviews and nine studies) is presented, with authors from 12 different countries, showing the globality of the investigations that are being carried out in this area.

Technology: general issues --- Echinococcus granulosus --- scolicidal --- nanoliposome --- juglone --- apoptotic activity --- hydrogel --- SLNs --- nose-to-brain delivery --- mucoadhesion --- quality by design --- antioxidant activity --- nasal administration --- nanostructured lipid carriers --- solid lipid nanoparticles --- in vitro cell cultures --- 3D nasal casts --- lung cancer --- targeted drug delivery --- lipid-based nanocarriers --- pulmonary delivery --- dry powder inhalers --- aerosols --- liposomes --- nanoemulsions --- nanotechnology --- biologically active compounds --- dermal drug delivery --- polyphenols --- phytophenols --- skin permeation --- chemotherapy --- radiotherapy --- active targeting --- passive targeting --- tumor --- immunoconjugate --- traditional liposome --- stealth liposome --- triggered release --- limitations of liposomes --- drug transfer --- in vitro release --- colloidal drug carriers --- lipid nanoparticles --- hydrogel beads --- cholesteryl nonanoate --- bovine serum albumin --- skin diseases --- lipid-based nanosystems --- cream --- ointment --- gel --- pH-sensitive --- liposome --- imidazole --- anticancer --- drug delivery --- multicellular spheroids --- dapagliflozin --- Box–Behnken design --- FTIR --- DSC --- XRD --- SEM --- AFM --- in vitro Franz diffusion cells --- lipid-based nanoparticles --- nanocarrier --- surface charge --- delivery systems --- chronic treatment --- mice --- anti-oxidant activity --- hepatoprotective effect --- phospholipid --- phytosomes --- Silymarin --- Colorectal Cancer --- Niosomes --- Oxaliplatin --- Paclitaxel --- d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) --- therapeutic nucleic acids --- schizophrenia --- quetiapine fumarate --- glycerosomes --- central composite rotatable design --- bioavailability --- pharmacokinetic --- n/a --- Box-Behnken design