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Natural polysaccharides, such as cellulose and chitin, possess unique hierarchical nanoarchitectures that can never be artificially reconstructed, and their nano-organized structures are involved in the hidden materials functions with great potential. Pioneering the emerging functions of nano-organized polysaccharides will break through to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.

Technology: general issues --- chitin nanofiber --- deacetylated chitin --- nanopaper --- thermal diffusivity --- powder electroluminescent device --- cellulose nanofiber --- paper electronic device --- paper-based light-emitting device --- dehydrogenative polymer --- enzymatic radical coupling --- lignin --- nanocellulose --- microsphere --- TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber --- chitosan−ZnCl2 complex --- crystal structure --- X-ray fiber diffraction --- nanofibrillated bacterial cellulose --- bacterial cellulose --- peritoneally disseminated gastric cancer --- doxorubicin --- intraperitoneal chemotherapy --- hemicellulose --- xylan --- nanocrystal --- Pickering emulsion --- cellulose derivatives --- cellulose nanocrystal --- cholesteric liquid crystal --- functional materials --- material form --- cellulose nanofibers --- nanocomposite --- xerogel --- flame-retardant --- polydopamine doping --- pyrolysis --- 3D porous nanocarbon --- supercapacitor --- surface carboxylation --- surface deacetylation --- cell culture scaffold --- skin repair --- wound healing --- biomedical applications --- functional nanocomposite --- aqueous process --- sol–gel --- hydrogels --- aerogels --- freeze-drying --- cryogels --- n/a --- sol-gel

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The extraction and exploration of cellulose-based polymers is an exciting area of research. For many years, wood (especially from bleached kraft wood pulp) was considered the main source of cellulosic compounds because of its abundance in nature. However, in the past decade, researchers have been devoted to finding alternatives to extract cellulose from byproducts of agricultural crops and/or textile wastes, which are both highly available at a very reduced raw material cost. This book brings together original research that details the recent progresses and new developments in this field, and how this research is contributing to a circular economy.

citrus sinensis --- nano-fibrillated cellulose --- silver nanoparticles --- acid hydrolysis --- heavy metal sorption --- anaerobic digestion --- biofuel --- biomass --- cotton-based waste --- closed-loop --- lignocellulose --- textile waste --- cellulose nanofibre --- green materials --- biopolymers --- environmental --- recycled newspaper --- composite laminates --- water resistance --- high strength --- cotton wastes --- textile --- nanomaterials --- cellulose nanocrystal --- extraction methods --- environmental application --- regenerated cellulose fiber --- Au NP --- controllably assembled --- SERS --- dimetridazole --- cellulose hydrogel --- thermo-responsive --- sustained release --- silver sulfadiazine --- burn wound --- polymer --- carpet fiber --- direct analysis in real time --- time of flight --- mass spectrometry --- function switching --- oleamide --- cellulose nanofibers isolation --- carpet wastes --- supercritical carbon dioxide --- enhanced properties --- recovery of cellulose --- textile fibers --- eco-efficiency --- circular economy --- textile industry --- n/a

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Graphene-polymer nanocomposites continue to gain interest in diverse scientific and technological fields. Graphene-based nanomaterials present the advantages of other carbon nanofillers, like electrical and thermal conductivity, while having significantly lower production costs when compared to materials such as carbon nanotubes, for instance. In addition, in the oxidized forms of graphene, the large specific area combined with a large quantity of functionalizable chemical groups available for physical or chemical interaction with polymers, allow for good dispersion and tunable binding with the surrounding matrix. Other features are noteworthy in graphene-based nanomaterials, like their generally good biocompatibility and the ability to absorb near-infrared radiation, allowing for the use in biomedical applications, such as drug delivery and photothermal therapy.This Special Issue provides an encompassing view on the state of the art of graphene-polymer composites, showing how current research is dealing with new and exciting challenges. The published papers cover topics ranging from novel production methods and insights on mechanisms of mechanical reinforcement of composites, to applications as diverse as automotive and aeronautics, cancer treatment, anticorrosive coatings, thermally conductive fabrics and foams, and oil-adsorbent aerogels.

Technology: general issues --- graphene oxide --- polymer composite fiber --- interfacial bonding --- polypropylene --- thermal stability --- graphene --- unsaturated polyester resins --- tung oil --- biobased polymer nanocomposites --- in situ melt polycondensation --- graphene polymer matrix composite --- polyamide 66 --- elongational flow --- hydrogen bond --- poly(trimethylene terephthalate) --- electrospinning --- composite fiber --- morphology --- crystallization --- electrical conductivity --- mechanical property --- elastic recovery --- cellulose nanofibers --- polyvinyl alcohol --- directional freeze-drying --- oil absorption --- graphene oxide-platinum nanoparticles nanocomposites --- prostate cancer --- cytotoxicity --- oxidative stress --- mitochondrial membrane potential --- DNA damage --- conducting polymer --- PANI --- LEIS --- corrosion --- fabric --- cellulose nanocrystal --- thermal conductivity --- adhesives --- cohesive zone model --- finite element method --- graphene-polymer nanocomposite --- graphene/polymer interface --- molecular dynamics --- regressive softening law --- polysulfone foams --- tortuosity --- water vapor induced phase separation --- scCO2 --- toughening mechanisms --- graphene nanoplatelets --- recycled rubber --- Halpin-Tsai --- SEM --- light emitting diode --- phototherapy --- polyethylene glycol --- thermal reduction --- graphene oxide --- polymer composite fiber --- interfacial bonding --- polypropylene --- thermal stability --- graphene --- unsaturated polyester resins --- tung oil --- biobased polymer nanocomposites --- in situ melt polycondensation --- graphene polymer matrix composite --- polyamide 66 --- elongational flow --- hydrogen bond --- poly(trimethylene terephthalate) --- electrospinning --- composite fiber --- morphology --- crystallization --- electrical conductivity --- mechanical property --- elastic recovery --- cellulose nanofibers --- polyvinyl alcohol --- directional freeze-drying --- oil absorption --- graphene oxide-platinum nanoparticles nanocomposites --- prostate cancer --- cytotoxicity --- oxidative stress --- mitochondrial membrane potential --- DNA damage --- conducting polymer --- PANI --- LEIS --- corrosion --- fabric --- cellulose nanocrystal --- thermal conductivity --- adhesives --- cohesive zone model --- finite element method --- graphene-polymer nanocomposite --- graphene/polymer interface --- molecular dynamics --- regressive softening law --- polysulfone foams --- tortuosity --- water vapor induced phase separation --- scCO2 --- toughening mechanisms --- graphene nanoplatelets --- recycled rubber --- Halpin-Tsai --- SEM --- light emitting diode --- phototherapy --- polyethylene glycol --- thermal reduction

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Graphene-polymer nanocomposites continue to gain interest in diverse scientific and technological fields. Graphene-based nanomaterials present the advantages of other carbon nanofillers, like electrical and thermal conductivity, while having significantly lower production costs when compared to materials such as carbon nanotubes, for instance. In addition, in the oxidized forms of graphene, the large specific area combined with a large quantity of functionalizable chemical groups available for physical or chemical interaction with polymers, allow for good dispersion and tunable binding with the surrounding matrix. Other features are noteworthy in graphene-based nanomaterials, like their generally good biocompatibility and the ability to absorb near-infrared radiation, allowing for the use in biomedical applications, such as drug delivery and photothermal therapy.This Special Issue provides an encompassing view on the state of the art of graphene-polymer composites, showing how current research is dealing with new and exciting challenges. The published papers cover topics ranging from novel production methods and insights on mechanisms of mechanical reinforcement of composites, to applications as diverse as automotive and aeronautics, cancer treatment, anticorrosive coatings, thermally conductive fabrics and foams, and oil-adsorbent aerogels.

Technology: general issues --- graphene oxide --- polymer composite fiber --- interfacial bonding --- polypropylene --- thermal stability --- graphene --- unsaturated polyester resins --- tung oil --- biobased polymer nanocomposites --- in situ melt polycondensation --- graphene polymer matrix composite --- polyamide 66 --- elongational flow --- hydrogen bond --- poly(trimethylene terephthalate) --- electrospinning --- composite fiber --- morphology --- crystallization --- electrical conductivity --- mechanical property --- elastic recovery --- cellulose nanofibers --- polyvinyl alcohol --- directional freeze-drying --- oil absorption --- graphene oxide–platinum nanoparticles nanocomposites --- prostate cancer --- cytotoxicity --- oxidative stress --- mitochondrial membrane potential --- DNA damage --- conducting polymer --- PANI --- LEIS --- corrosion --- fabric --- cellulose nanocrystal --- thermal conductivity --- adhesives --- cohesive zone model --- finite element method --- graphene-polymer nanocomposite --- graphene/polymer interface --- molecular dynamics --- regressive softening law --- polysulfone foams --- tortuosity --- water vapor induced phase separation --- scCO2 --- toughening mechanisms --- graphene nanoplatelets --- recycled rubber --- Halpin–Tsai --- SEM --- light emitting diode --- phototherapy --- polyethylene glycol --- thermal reduction --- n/a --- graphene oxide-platinum nanoparticles nanocomposites --- Halpin-Tsai

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The rapid growth of the world's population has significantly increased energy consumption and environmental impact. The transition from fossil fuels to sustainable energy sources that is needed for a sustainable future demands more efficient materials and improved technologies, but allows us to tackle this great and necessary challenge. This Special Issue highlights some of the latest energy advances in the field of materials, in particular low-dimensional materials, and nanostructured materials. Various topics related to synthesis and characterization methods, properties, and energy application uses are highlighted.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- peritectic compound Li4(OH)3Br --- phase change materials --- thermal energy storage --- shape stabilized composites --- supporting materials --- oxides --- colloidal lithography --- thin-film photovoltaics --- photonics --- light-trapping --- self-cleaning --- graphene --- triboelectric nanogenerator --- charge trapping layer --- flexible --- stability --- energy harvesting --- solar cells --- parameter extraction --- single diode model --- non-iterative --- sodium borohydride --- hydrolysis --- porous carbon --- Co nanoparticles --- durability --- Ti-MOFs --- amine functionalization --- CO2 capture --- separation --- breakthrough experiment --- carbon nanotube --- plastic --- chemical recycling --- life cycle assessment --- ethernet --- circular economy --- data transmission --- carbon footprint --- BaF2 nanophase --- oxyfluoride nano-glass-ceramics --- Tb3+/Eu3+ energy transfer --- sol-gel chemistry --- nanocellulose --- ionic liquid --- ionogel --- gel polymer electrolyte --- renewable energy storage --- supercapacitors --- Ti2SnC --- M2AX --- powders --- thin films --- STEM --- nanoindentation --- zinc-ion supercapacitor --- three-dimensional vertically aligned graphene --- polydopamine --- highly concentrated salt electrolyte --- mini-jets --- diffuse discharge --- spark discharge --- red sprites --- blue jets --- ghosts --- Atomic Force Microscopy --- Electrochemical Strain Microscopy --- hybrid electrolyte --- Energy Storage --- lithium transport --- lithium distribution --- all-solid-state electrolytes --- diffusion --- ferric ion sensor --- MOF --- finite difference --- composite materials --- Mn3O4-CeO2-rGO --- nanocatalyst --- methanol oxidation --- cyclic voltammetry --- cellulose nanocrystal --- surface functionalization --- conductive electrodes --- energy storage --- peritectic compound Li4(OH)3Br --- phase change materials --- thermal energy storage --- shape stabilized composites --- supporting materials --- oxides --- colloidal lithography --- thin-film photovoltaics --- photonics --- light-trapping --- self-cleaning --- graphene --- triboelectric nanogenerator --- charge trapping layer --- flexible --- stability --- energy harvesting --- solar cells --- parameter extraction --- single diode model --- non-iterative --- sodium borohydride --- hydrolysis --- porous carbon --- Co nanoparticles --- durability --- Ti-MOFs --- amine functionalization --- CO2 capture --- separation --- breakthrough experiment --- carbon nanotube --- plastic --- chemical recycling --- life cycle assessment --- ethernet --- circular economy --- data transmission --- carbon footprint --- BaF2 nanophase --- oxyfluoride nano-glass-ceramics --- Tb3+/Eu3+ energy transfer --- sol-gel chemistry --- nanocellulose --- ionic liquid --- ionogel --- gel polymer electrolyte --- renewable energy storage --- supercapacitors --- Ti2SnC --- M2AX --- powders --- thin films --- STEM --- nanoindentation --- zinc-ion supercapacitor --- three-dimensional vertically aligned graphene --- polydopamine --- highly concentrated salt electrolyte --- mini-jets --- diffuse discharge --- spark discharge --- red sprites --- blue jets --- ghosts --- Atomic Force Microscopy --- Electrochemical Strain Microscopy --- hybrid electrolyte --- Energy Storage --- lithium transport --- lithium distribution --- all-solid-state electrolytes --- diffusion --- ferric ion sensor --- MOF --- finite difference --- composite materials --- Mn3O4-CeO2-rGO --- nanocatalyst --- methanol oxidation --- cyclic voltammetry --- cellulose nanocrystal --- surface functionalization --- conductive electrodes --- energy storage