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Development of strategies to assist the movement of poorly permeable molecules across biological barriers has long been the goal of drug delivery science. In the last three decades, there has been an exponential increase in advanced drug delivery systems that aim to address this issue. However, most proprietary delivery technologies that have progressed to clinical development are based on permeation enhancers (PEs) that have a history of safe use in man. This Special Issue entitled “Transmucosal Absorption Enhancers in the Drug Delivery Field” aims to present the current state-of-the-art in the application of PEs to improve drug absorption. Emphasis is placed on identification of novel permeation enhancers, mechanisms of barrier alteration, physicochemical properties of PEs that contribute to optimal enhancement action, new delivery models to assess PEs, studies assessing safety of PEs, approaches to assist translation of PEs into effective oral, nasal, ocular and vaginal dosage forms and combining PEs with other delivery strategies.

chitosan --- intestinal epithelial cells --- ocular delivery --- amphiphilic polymers --- cornea --- tight junction modulator --- cyclodextrin --- permeability --- gemini surfactant --- transferrin --- compound 48/80 --- epithelial permeability --- cervicovaginal tumors --- nanoparticles --- confocal laser scanning microscopy --- safety --- formulation --- salcaprozate sodium --- intestinal absorption --- FITC-dextran --- curcumin --- block copolymers --- nasal vaccination --- whole leaf --- brush border --- ocular drug delivery --- vaccine adjuvant --- nanoparticle --- nasal delivery --- efflux --- permeation enhancers --- absorption enhancers --- nose to brain delivery --- small intestine --- epithelium --- CNS disorders --- absorption modifying excipients --- insulin --- absorption enhancer --- gel --- intestinal delivery --- thermogel system --- Caco-2 --- biocompatibility studies --- absorption enhancement --- man --- PN159 --- poorly absorbed drug --- tryptophan --- tight junction --- oral macromolecule delivery --- penetration enhancer --- intestinal permeation enhancers --- nanocrystals --- simvastatin --- nanomedicine --- enterocyte --- N-dodecyl-?-D-maltoside (DDM) --- cell-penetrating peptide --- quaternization --- KLAL --- nasal --- nasal permeability --- transmucosal drug delivery --- Caco-2 cells --- mast cell activator --- penetration enhancers --- drug delivery --- nose-to-brain --- bioenhancer --- polymeric micelles --- mucoadhesion --- cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) --- simulated intestinal fluid --- vaginal delivery --- nasal formulation --- pharmacokinetic interaction --- sodium caprate --- clinical trial --- transmucosal permeation --- drug absorption enhancer --- sugar-based surfactants --- nanocapsules --- imatinib --- teriparatide --- osteoporosis --- hydrophobization --- F-actin --- combined microsphere --- transepithelial electrical resistance --- oral delivery --- ocular conditions --- metabolism --- antimicrobial peptide --- permeation enhancer --- drug administration --- antiepileptic drug --- amino acid --- in vivo studies --- sodium cholate (NaC) --- epithelial transport --- preclinical --- nose to brain transport --- pharmacokinetics --- chitosan derivatives --- ophthalmology --- tight junctions --- sheep --- cationic functionalization --- GLP-1 --- pulmonary --- and liposome --- cytochrome P450 --- claudin --- P-glycoprotein --- in situ hydrogel --- mucoadhesiveness --- PTH 1-34 --- Aloe vera --- oral peptides

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This book summarizes the importance of peptide–membrane interactions, mostly aiming at developing new therapeutic approaches. The experimental and computational methodologies used to investigate such interactions reveal the evolution of existing biophysical methodologies, shedding some light on potential applications of peptides, as well as on the improvement of their design. Understanding the determinants for peptide–membrane interactions may also improve the knowledge of membrane functions such as the membrane transport, fusion, and signaling processes, contributing to the development of new agents for highly relevant applications ranging from disease treatment to food technology.

tachyplesin --- host defense peptide --- anticancer --- antimicrobial --- antibiofilm --- peptide-membrane interaction --- structure-activity --- model membranes --- nuclear magnetic resonance solution structure --- accelerated molecular dynamics --- alamethicin --- membrane --- peptaibol --- cell-penetrating peptide --- peptide–lipid interaction --- lipid model systems --- molecular dynamics --- NMR --- membrane biophysics --- antimicrobial peptides --- non-lytic peptides --- bacterial membranes --- calcium hydroxide --- chemokine --- human beta defensin-3-C15 --- human dental pulp cell --- Streptococcus gordonii lipoprotein --- luffa sponge --- phosphopeptide --- mass spectrometry --- Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization --- solid-phase extraction --- surface plasmon resonance --- melittin --- liposomes --- peptide–lipid interactions --- anti-microbial peptides --- pore-forming peptides --- ESKAPE pathogens --- Staphylococcus aureus --- KR12 --- LL-37 --- lipopeptide --- critical aggregation concentration --- CD spectroscopy --- biofilm --- cytotoxicity --- organisms --- sequence analysis --- machine learning --- feature selection --- sesame protein --- ACE inhibitory peptides --- simulated gastrointestinal digestion --- amino acid sequence --- molecular docking --- chionodracines --- circular dichroism --- membrane affinity --- cell-penetrating peptides --- circular dichroism spectroscopy --- atomic force microscopy --- mycolic acid --- Langmuir monolayer --- drug–peptide conjugates --- metastasis model of B16F10 melanoma --- Pisum sativum defensin 1 (Psd1) --- anti-metastatic activity --- glucosylceramide (GlcCer) --- cyclin F --- anti-inflammatory peptide --- cell permeable peptide --- heparin-binding peptide --- collagen-induced arthritis --- inducible nitric oxide --- interferon gamma --- interleukin-6 --- Enbrel