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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- Medical microbiology & virology --- Microbiology (non-medical) --- cell cycle --- nucleoid --- divisome --- cell division --- cell envelope --- cell shape --- chromosome replication --- macromolecular hyperstructures --- Escherichia coli

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1 Introduction The plexuses of Auerbach and Meissner are peculiar to the gut; they extend from the beginning of the unstriated portion of the oesophagus to the end of the rectum. They have usually been considered to belong to the sympathetic system, but it appears to me preferable to place them in a class by themselves. We may speak of them as forming the enteric nervous system. (Langley 1900) In this context,itislessimportant that Langleyexcludedthe striated part of the oesophagus from his de?nition of the enteric nervous system (ENS). Much more remarkable seems to be that for Langley, a physiologist, structural reasons were the most decisive for taking the nervous system within the wall of the gastrointestinal tract as an entity unto itself. On the one hand, he argued that enteric nerve cells differ in their histological character from those in para- and prevertebral ganglia. On the other hand, there were few connections of enteric nerve plexuses with the central nervous system (CNS) through sympathetic or other autonomic nerves (which had already been described, however; Auerbach 1862). In his later, more famous monograph, he divided the autonomic nerves into three groups: sympathetic, parasympathetic and intestinal nerves (Langley 1921). This division seems to be all the more modern considering that, during the following decades, many authors and textbooks moved away from this division. The signi?cance of enteric neurons was reduced to that of postganglionic relay stations of vegetative nerves (Müller 1921; Lawrentjew 1929; Botár et al. 1942).

Neurons --- Cells --- Physiology. --- Morphology. --- Cell shape --- Morphology --- Cell physiology --- Neurophysiology --- Medicine. --- Biomedicine general. --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Biomedicine, general. --- Health Workforce --- Medicine --- Biology --- Biomedical Research. --- Research. --- Biological research --- Biomedical research

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Many agricultural crops worldwide suffer from zinc (Zn) deficiency. Despite widespread interest in Zn, plant professionals often lack current information on this indispensable essential mineral nutrient. G. Hacisalihoglu, PhD, in Unraveling the Mechanisms of Zinc Efficiency in Crop Plants, and a host of recognized experts address this gap with the up-to-date importance of Zn nutrition. This book examines research aimed at understanding how plants uptake and utilize Zn. It has been peer-reviewed and multi-authored by expert plant biology scientists with related expertise. The editor provides a comprehensive overview of zinc (Zn) nutrition in plants, seeds, roots, and soil, which renders this book a good reference for plant biology professionals. Agricultural sustainability in the time of the growing world population will be one of the major challenges in the next 30 plus years. Zn is one of the most important essential mineral nutrients required for metabolic processes, so a shortage of Zn constrains crop yield and quality worldwide. Zinc efficiency and higher growth and yield under low Zn supply make it a promising sustainable solution for developing cultivars that are zinc efficient. Several articles are included in this book that provide an overview of current developments and trends in the times of high-throughput genomics and phenomics data analysis. Furthermore, this book presents research findings in various experimental models and areas ranging from maize to alfalfa, flax, and sorghum.Unraveling the Mechanisms of Zinc Efficiency in Crop Plants is a must read for researchers and plant biology professionals.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- zinc --- sustainability --- food security --- seed quality --- zinc efficiency --- staple foods --- crops --- functional genomics --- homeostasis --- hormonal regulation --- iron --- maize --- malnutrition --- photosynthesis --- Adsorption --- desorption --- landscape position --- isotherm --- plant available Zn --- bioindication --- bryophytes --- moss --- cell shape --- particulate matter --- biofortification --- micronutrients --- nutrient uptake --- plant nutrition --- ZIP transporters --- nicotianamine --- metal tolerance protein (MTP) --- yellow stripe-like protein (YSL) --- zinc-induced facilitators (ZIF) --- heavy metal transporters (HMA) --- sodium selenate --- zinc sulfate --- cereal --- rainfed conditions --- forage yield --- 65Zn --- soil --- soil solution --- barley --- lability --- specific activity --- potential buffer capacity --- forms --- labile zinc pool --- silicon --- Zn-deficiency --- Zn-sufficiency --- Zn re-fertilization --- nutrient dense --- superfood --- multi minerals --- health benefits --- gluten free --- percent daily value --- elevated CO2 --- zinc --- sustainability --- food security --- seed quality --- zinc efficiency --- staple foods --- crops --- functional genomics --- homeostasis --- hormonal regulation --- iron --- maize --- malnutrition --- photosynthesis --- Adsorption --- desorption --- landscape position --- isotherm --- plant available Zn --- bioindication --- bryophytes --- moss --- cell shape --- particulate matter --- biofortification --- micronutrients --- nutrient uptake --- plant nutrition --- ZIP transporters --- nicotianamine --- metal tolerance protein (MTP) --- yellow stripe-like protein (YSL) --- zinc-induced facilitators (ZIF) --- heavy metal transporters (HMA) --- sodium selenate --- zinc sulfate --- cereal --- rainfed conditions --- forage yield --- 65Zn --- soil --- soil solution --- barley --- lability --- specific activity --- potential buffer capacity --- forms --- labile zinc pool --- silicon --- Zn-deficiency --- Zn-sufficiency --- Zn re-fertilization --- nutrient dense --- superfood --- multi minerals --- health benefits --- gluten free --- percent daily value --- elevated CO2

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Many agricultural crops worldwide suffer from zinc (Zn) deficiency. Despite widespread interest in Zn, plant professionals often lack current information on this indispensable essential mineral nutrient. G. Hacisalihoglu, PhD, in Unraveling the Mechanisms of Zinc Efficiency in Crop Plants, and a host of recognized experts address this gap with the up-to-date importance of Zn nutrition. This book examines research aimed at understanding how plants uptake and utilize Zn. It has been peer-reviewed and multi-authored by expert plant biology scientists with related expertise. The editor provides a comprehensive overview of zinc (Zn) nutrition in plants, seeds, roots, and soil, which renders this book a good reference for plant biology professionals. Agricultural sustainability in the time of the growing world population will be one of the major challenges in the next 30 plus years. Zn is one of the most important essential mineral nutrients required for metabolic processes, so a shortage of Zn constrains crop yield and quality worldwide. Zinc efficiency and higher growth and yield under low Zn supply make it a promising sustainable solution for developing cultivars that are zinc efficient. Several articles are included in this book that provide an overview of current developments and trends in the times of high-throughput genomics and phenomics data analysis. Furthermore, this book presents research findings in various experimental models and areas ranging from maize to alfalfa, flax, and sorghum.Unraveling the Mechanisms of Zinc Efficiency in Crop Plants is a must read for researchers and plant biology professionals.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- zinc --- sustainability --- food security --- seed quality --- zinc efficiency --- staple foods --- crops --- functional genomics --- homeostasis --- hormonal regulation --- iron --- maize --- malnutrition --- photosynthesis --- Adsorption --- desorption --- landscape position --- isotherm --- plant available Zn --- bioindication --- bryophytes --- moss --- cell shape --- particulate matter --- biofortification --- micronutrients --- nutrient uptake --- plant nutrition --- ZIP transporters --- nicotianamine --- metal tolerance protein (MTP) --- yellow stripe-like protein (YSL) --- zinc-induced facilitators (ZIF) --- heavy metal transporters (HMA) --- sodium selenate --- zinc sulfate --- cereal --- rainfed conditions --- forage yield --- 65Zn --- soil --- soil solution --- barley --- lability --- specific activity --- potential buffer capacity --- forms --- labile zinc pool --- silicon --- Zn-deficiency --- Zn-sufficiency --- Zn re-fertilization --- n/a --- nutrient dense --- superfood --- multi minerals --- health benefits --- gluten free --- percent daily value --- elevated CO2