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The extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold, which surrounds and supports the cells in tissues, consists of fibrillar proteins, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, signaling molecules, and enzymes involved in its remodeling. The stages of cancer progression, e.g., local invasion, intravasation, extravasation, distant invasion and immunosuppression, are obligatorily perpetrated through interactions of these tumor cells with the ECM. Cancer-related ECM changes can be exploited for the evaluation of disease progression, anticancer therapy development, and monitoring of therapy response. Thus, in breast cancer, hyaluronan-mediated wound repair mechanisms are hijacked to promote tumor development. Altered mechanical properties of the pancreatic cancer ECM are immunosuppressive and prevent the penetration of cytotoxic chemotherapy agents. The expression of the proteoglycan syndecan-4 is modulated by anticancer drugs, suggesting its potential druggabilty capacity. Another proteoglycan, lumican, is proposed as a cancer prognosis marker, chemoresistance regulator, and cancer therapy target. Due to their remodeling properties, the MMPs are vital mediators and important therapeutic targets. Treatment of breast cancer cells with sulfated hyaluronan has been shown to attenuate tumor cell growth, migration, and invasion. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), comprising exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are released by all cells into the ECM and body fluids and can be utilized as diagnostic markers in malignant pleural mesothelioma. These exciting developments encourage tumor biology scientists for further creative research.

Research & information: general --- elastin --- ribosomal protein SA --- tongue carcinoma --- MMP-2 --- EGCG --- pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma --- syndecans --- proteoglycans --- tumor progression --- angiogenesis --- syndecan-4 --- heparan sulfate --- cancer --- prognosis --- biomarker --- signal transduction --- proteoglycan --- metastasis --- extracellular matrix --- fibrosis --- immune cell modulation --- neutrophils --- neutrophil extracellular trap --- macrophages --- BCC --- MMP --- TIMP --- invasion --- lumican --- cancer cell growth --- motility --- hyaluronan --- RHAMM --- CD44 --- wound repair --- breast cancer --- malignant pleural mesothelioma --- pleural effusion --- extracellular vesicles --- biomarkers --- sulfated hyaluronan --- estrogen receptors --- epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition --- matrix metalloproteinases --- elastin --- ribosomal protein SA --- tongue carcinoma --- MMP-2 --- EGCG --- pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma --- syndecans --- proteoglycans --- tumor progression --- angiogenesis --- syndecan-4 --- heparan sulfate --- cancer --- prognosis --- biomarker --- signal transduction --- proteoglycan --- metastasis --- extracellular matrix --- fibrosis --- immune cell modulation --- neutrophils --- neutrophil extracellular trap --- macrophages --- BCC --- MMP --- TIMP --- invasion --- lumican --- cancer cell growth --- motility --- hyaluronan --- RHAMM --- CD44 --- wound repair --- breast cancer --- malignant pleural mesothelioma --- pleural effusion --- extracellular vesicles --- biomarkers --- sulfated hyaluronan --- estrogen receptors --- epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition --- matrix metalloproteinases

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The extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold, which surrounds and supports the cells in tissues, consists of fibrillar proteins, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, signaling molecules, and enzymes involved in its remodeling. The stages of cancer progression, e.g., local invasion, intravasation, extravasation, distant invasion and immunosuppression, are obligatorily perpetrated through interactions of these tumor cells with the ECM. Cancer-related ECM changes can be exploited for the evaluation of disease progression, anticancer therapy development, and monitoring of therapy response. Thus, in breast cancer, hyaluronan-mediated wound repair mechanisms are hijacked to promote tumor development. Altered mechanical properties of the pancreatic cancer ECM are immunosuppressive and prevent the penetration of cytotoxic chemotherapy agents. The expression of the proteoglycan syndecan-4 is modulated by anticancer drugs, suggesting its potential druggabilty capacity. Another proteoglycan, lumican, is proposed as a cancer prognosis marker, chemoresistance regulator, and cancer therapy target. Due to their remodeling properties, the MMPs are vital mediators and important therapeutic targets. Treatment of breast cancer cells with sulfated hyaluronan has been shown to attenuate tumor cell growth, migration, and invasion. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), comprising exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are released by all cells into the ECM and body fluids and can be utilized as diagnostic markers in malignant pleural mesothelioma. These exciting developments encourage tumor biology scientists for further creative research.

elastin --- ribosomal protein SA --- tongue carcinoma --- MMP-2 --- EGCG --- pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma --- syndecans --- proteoglycans --- tumor progression --- angiogenesis --- syndecan-4 --- heparan sulfate --- cancer --- prognosis --- biomarker --- signal transduction --- proteoglycan --- metastasis --- extracellular matrix --- fibrosis --- immune cell modulation --- neutrophils --- neutrophil extracellular trap --- macrophages --- BCC --- MMP --- TIMP --- invasion --- lumican --- cancer cell growth --- motility --- hyaluronan --- RHAMM --- CD44 --- wound repair --- breast cancer --- malignant pleural mesothelioma --- pleural effusion --- extracellular vesicles --- biomarkers --- sulfated hyaluronan --- estrogen receptors --- epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition --- matrix metalloproteinases --- n/a

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This book focuses on both fundamental and applied research on nanogenerators. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is based on expanded Maxwell’s equations for a mechano-driven system, including the polarization density term Ps in a displacement vector owing to the electrostatic charges on medium surfaces as produced by effects such as triboelectrification. The TENGs have potential applications in blue energy, wearable devices, environmental protectioin, medical science, and security. Hybridized and coupled nanogenerators further expand the application of nanogenerators in energy stability and multi-functional sensing.

Technology: general issues --- triboelectric nanogenerator --- network --- blue energy --- wave energy --- energy harvesting --- surface engineering --- surface morphology --- surface modification --- enhanced performance --- human–machine interface (HMI) --- triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) --- artificial intelligence (AI) --- robot perception --- wearable sensor --- Internet of things (IoT) --- Beaufort scale monitoring --- near-zero power --- wake-up system --- triboelectric sensor --- ferroelectric materials --- nanogenerators --- piezoelectricity --- triboelectricity --- pyroelectricity --- bulk ferroelectric photovoltaic effect (BPVE) --- harvesting --- coupled effects --- mechanical conversion --- mechanical transmission --- triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) --- external mechanical system control --- regulated output --- uniform output --- stretchable electronic skin --- self-powered sensing --- human motion monitoring --- thermoplastic polyurethane fibers --- biosensors --- hybridization --- piezoelectric nanogenerator --- electromechanical conversion --- self-powered --- cell modulation --- smart textiles --- triboelectric nanogenerators --- electricity generation --- output enhancement --- air breakdown --- lubricant liquid --- mechanical lifespan --- triboelectric nanogenerator --- network --- blue energy --- wave energy --- energy harvesting --- surface engineering --- surface morphology --- surface modification --- enhanced performance --- human–machine interface (HMI) --- triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) --- artificial intelligence (AI) --- robot perception --- wearable sensor --- Internet of things (IoT) --- Beaufort scale monitoring --- near-zero power --- wake-up system --- triboelectric sensor --- ferroelectric materials --- nanogenerators --- piezoelectricity --- triboelectricity --- pyroelectricity --- bulk ferroelectric photovoltaic effect (BPVE) --- harvesting --- coupled effects --- mechanical conversion --- mechanical transmission --- triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) --- external mechanical system control --- regulated output --- uniform output --- stretchable electronic skin --- self-powered sensing --- human motion monitoring --- thermoplastic polyurethane fibers --- biosensors --- hybridization --- piezoelectric nanogenerator --- electromechanical conversion --- self-powered --- cell modulation --- smart textiles --- triboelectric nanogenerators --- electricity generation --- output enhancement --- air breakdown --- lubricant liquid --- mechanical lifespan