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This book empirically investigates the social practice of ascribing moral responsibility to others for the things they failed to do, and it discusses the philosophical relevance of this practice. In our everyday life, we often blame others for things they failed to do. For instance, we might blame our neighbour for not watering our plants during our vacation. Interestingly, the attribution of blame is typically accompanied by the attribution of causal responsibility. We do not only blame our neighbour for not watering our plants, but we do so because we believe that not watering the plants caused them to dry up and die. In this book, I investigate how we make moral and causal judgments about omissions. I discuss different philosophical perspectives on this matter, and I outline to what extent the actual social practice is in line with philosophical theories.
Moralische Verantwortung --- moralische Kognition --- moralisches Urteil --- Tadel --- Unterlassung --- kausale Verantwortung --- Kausalität --- experimentelle Philosophie --- moral responsibility --- moral cognition --- moral judgment --- blame --- omission --- causal responsibility --- causation --- experimental philosophy --- folk intuitionsm
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Nothing is more integral to democracy than voting. Most people believe that every citizen has the civic duty or moral obligation to vote, that any sincere vote is morally acceptable, and that buying, selling, or trading votes is inherently wrong. In this provocative book, Jason Brennan challenges our fundamental assumptions about voting, revealing why it is not a duty for most citizens--in fact, he argues, many people owe it to the rest of us not to vote. Bad choices at the polls can result in unjust laws, needless wars, and calamitous economic policies. Brennan shows why voters have duties to make informed decisions in the voting booth, to base their decisions on sound evidence for what will create the best possible policies, and to promote the common good rather than their own self-interest. They must vote well--or not vote at all. Brennan explains why voting is not necessarily the best way for citizens to exercise their civic duty, and why some citizens need to stay away from the polls to protect the democratic process from their uninformed, irrational, or immoral votes. In a democracy, every citizen has the right to vote. This book reveals why sometimes it's best if they don't. In a new afterword, "How to Vote Well," Brennan provides a practical guidebook for making well-informed, well-reasoned choices at the polls.
Voting --- Applied ethics. --- Ethics. --- Voting ethics. --- Polls --- Elections --- Politics, Practical --- Social choice --- Suffrage --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Agency Argument. --- Civic Virtue Argument. --- Public Goods Argument. --- abstention. --- autonomy. --- bad governance. --- bad voting. --- beneficial policies. --- causal responsibility. --- citizens. --- civic duty. --- civic virtue. --- common good. --- community volunteering. --- contemporary liberal democracies. --- deference. --- democracy. --- egoistic voting. --- epistemic justification. --- epistemic standards. --- extrapolitical conception. --- fortuitous voting. --- good governance. --- good intentions. --- good policy. --- good voting. --- government policies. --- government. --- harmful policies. --- harmful voting. --- independent judgment. --- informed decisions. --- military service. --- moral obligation. --- moral obligations. --- moral virtue. --- national interest. --- news. --- personal biases. --- political beliefs. --- political judgment. --- political movements. --- political participation. --- political parties. --- politics. --- public-spirited voting. --- self-interest. --- social order. --- social science. --- social-scientific literature. --- sound evidence. --- vote buying. --- vote commodification. --- vote selling. --- voters. --- voting ethics. --- voting rights. --- voting. --- welfare. --- Balloting --- Democracy --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Voting - Moral and ethical aspects
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