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Cette recherche voudrait répondre à une question simple, mais à laquelle il n'a toujours pas été possible d'apporter une réponse précise et définitive : comment le village en Afrique romaine ("pagus", "castellum", voire "vicus"), est-il devenu une ville, un chef-lieu de "ciuitas" ? L'histoire du village est presque identique à celle de l'esclave, sans cesse à la recherche de la "libertas" pour lui-même ou de l'"ingenuitas" pour sa descendance immédiate. En face, on assiste à une opposition constante de la part de la cité mère qui ne veut aucunement que ses dépendances deviennent autonomes, que leurs membres les plus riches quittent définitivement sa curie avec, de plus, les avantages financiers qui en découlent. Cette promotion relève des compétences de l'Empereur qui peut aussi réduire une ancienne cité au statut de commune attribuée. En général, c'est à la suite d'une requête, une véritable lettre de motivation, qui contient les arguments justifiant la promotion que l'Empereur concède le bienfait. Les inscriptions latines de Dougga fournissent un bel exemple de cette démarche diplomatique dont le but était d'obtenir la liberté ou de la défendre par la suite. Dans ce cas précis, la liberté semble n'avoir aucun lien avec une hypothétique immunité et doit avoir le sens plus "concret" de dignité : "Libertas id est dignitas".
Classics --- History --- cité --- administration --- épigraphie latine --- pagus --- castellum --- civitas
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À partir de la seconde moitié du Xe siècle et jusqu'au XIIIe siècle, le Vivarais, comme la plupart des régions d'Europe occidentale à cette époque, se couvre de châteaux. Généralement de taille très modestes, ceux-ci sont souvent mal identifiés et mal interprétés en raison de l'image traditionnelle du château médiéval qui renvoie, en réalité, dans l'immense majorité des cas, à des forteresses postérieures aux années 1350. Faisant appel à une large documentation écrite et iconographique, fréquemment inédite, et aux ressources de l'archéologie, l'auteur dresse ici un état des lieux, aussi exhaustif que possible, de 175 sites fortifiés édifiés entre les Xe et XIIIe siècles en Vivarais, à l'intérieur d'un espace historiquement homogène.
Medieval & Renaissance Studies --- château --- archéologie --- Moyen Âge --- bourg castral --- castrum --- castellum --- rocca --- fortification --- forteresse --- Ardèche --- France
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Romance languages --- Historical linguistics --- Castellum (The word) --- Castrum (The word) --- Names, Geographical --- Noms géographiques --- 801.31:40 --- Naamkunde-:-?40 --- Castellum (The Latin word) --- Castrum (The Latin word) --- Latin language --- Names, Geographical. --- Semantics. --- 801.31:40 Naamkunde-:-?40 --- Castellum (The Latin word). --- Castrum (The Latin word). --- Noms géographiques
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The chapter ‘Water Engineering in Ancient Societies’ involves the use of modern hydraulic engineering principles to describe the design, construction and use of ancient World Heritage water-system structures in South America and the Middle East.
Biography & True Stories --- Archaeology --- Petra --- Nabataean --- water systems --- hydraulic analysis --- CFD --- canals --- reservoirs --- pipelines --- flow stability --- pre-Columbian --- urban Tiwanaku --- Bolivia --- hydraulic/hydrological analysis --- surface canals --- perimeter drainage channel --- moat --- subterranean channels --- societal structure --- Roman --- Pont du Gard --- water engineering --- castellum --- aqueduct --- CFD analysis --- hydraulic design --- critical flow --- Machu Picchu --- Inca --- ancient water engineering --- hydraulics --- central-Andes --- engineered landscapes --- political ecology --- Prehispanic --- resilience --- water security --- wetland management --- Roman aqueducts --- inverted siphons --- static pressure --- pressure surges --- lead pipes --- stone conduits --- air entrapment --- Vitruvius --- Inka --- Tipon --- precolumbian --- flow rates --- fountain --- Peru --- Archaic period --- Caral --- CFD models --- beach ridges --- ENSO events --- landscape change --- site termination
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The chapter ‘Water Engineering in Ancient Societies’ involves the use of modern hydraulic engineering principles to describe the design, construction and use of ancient World Heritage water-system structures in South America and the Middle East.
Petra --- Nabataean --- water systems --- hydraulic analysis --- CFD --- canals --- reservoirs --- pipelines --- flow stability --- pre-Columbian --- urban Tiwanaku --- Bolivia --- hydraulic/hydrological analysis --- surface canals --- perimeter drainage channel --- moat --- subterranean channels --- societal structure --- Roman --- Pont du Gard --- water engineering --- castellum --- aqueduct --- CFD analysis --- hydraulic design --- critical flow --- Machu Picchu --- Inca --- ancient water engineering --- hydraulics --- central-Andes --- engineered landscapes --- political ecology --- Prehispanic --- resilience --- water security --- wetland management --- Roman aqueducts --- inverted siphons --- static pressure --- pressure surges --- lead pipes --- stone conduits --- air entrapment --- Vitruvius --- Inka --- Tipon --- precolumbian --- flow rates --- fountain --- Peru --- Archaic period --- Caral --- CFD models --- beach ridges --- ENSO events --- landscape change --- site termination
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The chapter ‘Water Engineering in Ancient Societies’ involves the use of modern hydraulic engineering principles to describe the design, construction and use of ancient World Heritage water-system structures in South America and the Middle East.
Biography & True Stories --- Archaeology --- Petra --- Nabataean --- water systems --- hydraulic analysis --- CFD --- canals --- reservoirs --- pipelines --- flow stability --- pre-Columbian --- urban Tiwanaku --- Bolivia --- hydraulic/hydrological analysis --- surface canals --- perimeter drainage channel --- moat --- subterranean channels --- societal structure --- Roman --- Pont du Gard --- water engineering --- castellum --- aqueduct --- CFD analysis --- hydraulic design --- critical flow --- Machu Picchu --- Inca --- ancient water engineering --- hydraulics --- central-Andes --- engineered landscapes --- political ecology --- Prehispanic --- resilience --- water security --- wetland management --- Roman aqueducts --- inverted siphons --- static pressure --- pressure surges --- lead pipes --- stone conduits --- air entrapment --- Vitruvius --- Inka --- Tipon --- precolumbian --- flow rates --- fountain --- Peru --- Archaic period --- Caral --- CFD models --- beach ridges --- ENSO events --- landscape change --- site termination
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The Late Roman fort at Yotvata is located in the southern Arava some 40 km north of Eilat/Aqaba (ancient Aila). The modern Hebrew name of the site is based on its suggested identification with biblical Jotbathah (Deut 10:7), where the Israelites encamped during their desert wanderings. The modern Arabic name of the site, Ein Ghadian, may preserve the ancient Roman name Ad Dianam. Because the Late Roman fort at Yotvata is visible as a low mound next to the Arava road, it has long been known to scholars. Each June between 2003 and 2007, Gwyn Davies (Florida International University) and Jodi Magness (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) co-directed excavations here. This volume provides the results of those excavations, adding substantially to our knowledge of Roman defenses in the third and fourth centuries of the Common Era, along the trade route that traversed the southern Arava and on the eastern frontier of the Empire.
Excavations (Archaeology) --- Fortification, Roman --- Romans --- Ethnology --- Italic peoples --- Latini (Italic people) --- Roman fortification --- Architecture, Roman --- Classical antiquities --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Archaeology --- Yoṭvatah (Israel) --- Yotvata (Israel) --- Yot'bathah (Israel) --- יטבתה --- Antiquities, Roman. --- Fouilles (Archéologie) --- Fortifications romaines --- Romains --- Yotvata (Israël) --- Antiquités romaines --- Kastell. --- Römerzeit. --- Funde. --- Archäologische Stätte. --- Romans. --- Fortification, Roman. --- Classical antiquities. --- Antiquities, Classical --- Antiquities, Grecian --- Antiquities, Roman --- Archaeology, Classical --- Classical archaeology --- Roman antiquities --- Antiquities --- Archaeological museums and collections --- Art, Ancient --- Classical philology --- Israel --- Palestine --- Dawlat Isrāʼīl --- Država Izrael --- Dzi︠a︡rz︠h︡ava Izrailʹ --- Gosudarstvo Izrailʹ --- I-se-lieh --- Israele --- Isrāʼīl --- Isŭrael --- Isuraeru --- Izrael --- Izrailʹ --- Medinat Israel --- Medinat Yiśraʼel --- Stát Izrael --- State of Israel --- Yiselie --- Yiśraʼel --- Ισραήλ --- Израиль --- Государство Израиль --- Дзяржава Ізраіль --- Ізраіль --- מדינת ישראל --- ישראל --- إسرائيل --- دولة إسرائيل --- イスラエル --- 以色列 --- Fundstätte --- Ausgrabungsstätte --- Ausgrabungsort --- Archäologische Stätten --- Archäologischer Park --- Bodenfund --- Bodenfunde --- Archäologische Funde --- Ausgrabung --- Bodendenkmal --- Römische Zeit --- Antike --- Römisches Reich --- v753-500 --- Castellum --- Römerkastell --- Kastelle --- Auxiliarkastell --- Lager --- Befestigung --- Legionslager --- Römisches Reich
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