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Pulling the rug out from debates about interpretation, The Language of Statutes joins together learning from law, linguistics, and cognitive science to illuminate the fundamental issues and problems in this highly contested area. Here, Lawrence M. Solan argues that statutory interpretation is alive, well, and not in need of the major overhaul that many have suggested. Rather, he suggests, the majority of people understand their rights and obligations most of the time, with difficult cases occurring in circumstances that we can predict from understanding when our minds do not work in a lawlike way. Solan explains that these cases arise because of the gap between our inability to write crisp yet flexible laws on one hand and the ways in which our cognitive and linguistic faculties are structured on the other. Making our lives easier and more efficient, we're predisposed to absorb new situations into categories we have previously formed-but in the legislative and judicial realms this can present major difficulties. Solan provides an excellent introduction to statutory interpretation, rejecting the extreme arguments that judges have either too much or too little leeway, and explaining how and why a certain number of interpretive problems are simply inevitable.

Law --- Interpretation and construction. --- laws, legal, litigation, courtroom, interpretation, linguistics, law school, academic, scholarly, textbook, higher ed, educational, debate, cognitive, science, scientific, behavior, interdisciplinary, controversial, rights, legislative, judicial, meaning, definitions, interpreter, statuatory, juror, case study, research, lawyer, professional.

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Does growing economic interdependence among great powers increase or decrease the chance of conflict and war? Liberals argue that the benefits of trade give states an incentive to stay peaceful. Realists contend that trade compels states to struggle for vital raw materials and markets. Moving beyond the stale liberal-realist debate, Economic Interdependence and War lays out a dynamic theory of expectations that shows under what specific conditions interstate commerce will reduce or heighten the risk of conflict between nations.Taking a broad look at cases spanning two centuries, from the Napoleonic and Crimean wars to the more recent Cold War crises, Dale Copeland demonstrates that when leaders have positive expectations of the future trade environment, they want to remain at peace in order to secure the economic benefits that enhance long-term power. When, however, these expectations turn negative, leaders are likely to fear a loss of access to raw materials and markets, giving them more incentive to initiate crises to protect their commercial interests. The theory of trade expectations holds important implications for the understanding of Sino-American relations since 1985 and for the direction these relations will likely take over the next two decades.Economic Interdependence and War offers sweeping new insights into historical and contemporary global politics and the actual nature of democratic versus economic peace.

POLITICAL SCIENCE / Peace. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / International Relations / Diplomacy. --- HISTORY / World. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Government / International. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / International Relations / General. --- Economic history --- Military history, Modern. --- Natural resources --- Competition, International. --- War --- Modern military history --- National resources --- Resources, Natural --- Resource-based communities --- Resource curse --- International competition --- World economics --- International relations --- International trade --- Causes of war --- Armed conflict (War) --- Conflict, Armed (War) --- Fighting --- Hostilities --- Wars --- Military art and science --- Peace --- Political aspects. --- Causes. --- Economic aspects --- History. --- American oil embargo. --- China. --- Cold War. --- Europe. --- European great powers. --- Japanese economy. --- Japanese foreign policy. --- Manchuria. --- Nazism. --- Pacific War. --- Russo-Japanese War. --- Shidehara Kijuro. --- Sino-American relations. --- Taisho democracy. --- USЃhinese relations. --- USЊapanese relations. --- USГoviet relations. --- World War I. --- World War II. --- case study research. --- causal theories. --- colonial territory. --- commerce. --- commercial expectations. --- conflict. --- democratic peace. --- economic interdependence. --- economic peace. --- existing literature. --- existing scholarship. --- future probabilities. --- future trade. --- global politics. --- global war. --- great power politics. --- great power system. --- great powers. --- historical analysis. --- imperial expansion. --- interdependence. --- international political economy. --- international relations. --- interstate commerce. --- investment. --- large-N quantitative research. --- leader expectations. --- liberalism. --- modern conflict. --- nineteenth-century geopolitics. --- political control. --- preventive wars. --- quantitative analysis. --- rare events research. --- realism. --- third-party territories. --- trade expectations theory. --- trade expectations. --- trade. --- war.