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With a mean worldwide prevalence of 13%, chronic kidney disease imposes a massive health burden on our society. In addition to reduced kidney function, patients with chronic kidney disease increasingly suffer from cardiovascular diseases affecting the heart and vasculature. Cardiovascular diseases account for around half of the deaths of patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. However, therapeutic options are highly insufficient. The pathological mechanisms that underlie increased cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease remain largely unknown. This Special Issue provides insights into comorbidities in CKD patients, mainly focused on increased cardiovascular risk, and summarizes current knowledge of underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.

arterial stiffness --- carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity --- hemodialysis --- p-cresyl sulfate --- uremic toxins --- arterial calcification --- lipid metabolism --- inflammation --- coagulation --- endothelial dysfunction --- epigenetics --- chronic kidney disease --- uremic cardiopathy --- left ventricular hypertrophy --- phosphate --- PTH --- FGF23 --- klotho --- sclerostin --- chronodisruption --- chronodisruptor --- circadian rhythm --- internal clock --- uremia --- uremic cardiomyopathy --- organ crosstalk --- cardiorenal syndrome --- left-ventricular hypertrophy --- heart failure --- cardiac fibrosis --- cardiovascular disease --- vascular calcification --- experimental rodent models --- FGFG23 --- Klotho --- Wnt/β-catenin --- CKD --- parathyroid hormone --- secondary hyperparathyroidism --- uremic toxin --- ageing --- end-stage kidney disease --- premature ageing --- senescence --- bone --- gut --- cardiovascular --- CKD–MBD --- comorbidity --- fibrosis --- calcification

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Oxidative stress and altered redox signaling have been described in a plethora of pathological conditions. Redox-active molecules can thus potentially be used to modulate the etiology/progression of such diseases. Recent advances in molecular biology and pharmacology have strengthened this area of research by providing novel mechanistic insights. This book compiles a collection of 13 articles, covering a range of topics from in vitro studies to clinical research, focused on the potential therapeutic effects of either natural or synthetic compounds, applicable to different redox-related diseases.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- non-small cell lung cancer --- cisplatin --- apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 --- E3330 --- cytotoxicity --- apoptosis --- migration --- invasion --- oxidative stress --- sildenafil --- DNA damage --- systemic sclerosis --- bioactivity-based assays --- cyanidin --- metabolomics --- Rubus genus --- (poly)phenols --- yeast-based discovery platform --- withanolide --- breast cancer --- mitochondrial reactive oxygen species --- peroxiredoxin 3 --- pro-oxidant therapy --- thiostrepton --- GSH --- Cysteamine --- N-acetyl cysteine --- KEAP1 --- NRF2 --- ATF4 --- adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell --- amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cell --- antioxidants --- assisted reproductive technology --- conditioned medium --- embryo --- in vitro culture --- in vitro fertilization --- BAPN --- cell invasion --- EMT --- lysyl-oxidase --- lysyl-oxidase like 2 --- metastases --- inhibitors --- doxorubicin --- chemoresistance --- redox signaling --- nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) --- cancer therapy --- hydrogen sulfide --- reactive oxygen species --- H2S donors --- cardiorenal syndrome --- thiosulfate --- selenium-enriched Enterococcus faecium --- selenium-enriched Streptococcus thermophilus --- antioxidant capacity --- glutathione reductase --- glutathione peroxidase --- CD IGS rats --- lactic acid bacteria --- verbascoside --- hypercholesterolemia --- prostate cancer --- curcumin --- carnosic acid --- cell cycle --- OxPhos --- SGK1 --- n/a

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Medicine has evolved into a high level of specialization using the very detailed imaging of organs. This has impressively solved a multitude of acute health-related problems linked to single-organ diseases. Many diseases and pathophysiological processes, however, involve more than one organ. An organ-based approach is challenging when considering disease prevention and caring for elderly patients, or those with systemic chronic diseases or multiple co-morbidities. In addition, medical imaging provides more than a pretty picture. Much of the data are now revealed by quantitating algorithms with or without artificial intelligence. This Special Issue on “Systems Radiology and Personalized Medicine” includes reviews and original studies that show the strengths and weaknesses of structural and functional whole-body imaging for personalized medicine.

Medicine --- COVID-19 --- chest X-ray --- deep learning --- convolutional neural network --- Grad-CAM --- computed tomography --- image analysis --- osteoarthritis --- reliability --- FDG-PET/CT --- infection --- bloodstream infection --- endocarditis --- vascular graft infection --- spondylodiscitis --- cyst infection --- white blood cell scintigraphy --- total body PET/CT --- radiotracers --- artificial intelligence --- contrast media --- body composition --- large vessel vasculitis --- atherosclerosis --- imaging --- FDG-PET --- radiological imaging --- MRI --- non-contrast --- venography --- TRANCE --- QFlow --- neuroblastoma --- nuclear medicine --- radionuclide imaging --- [123I]mIBG --- [124I]mIBG --- [18F]mFBG --- [18F]FDG --- [68Ga]Ga-DOTA peptides --- [18F]F-DOPA --- [11C]mHED --- chronic limb-threatening ischemia --- peripheral arterial disease --- calcification pattern --- diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis --- risk factors --- adiposity --- intra-abdominal fat --- cardiorenal syndrome --- imaging biomarker --- tissue characterization --- cerebral aneurysm --- computational fluid dynamics --- hemodynamic --- morphological --- rupture --- n/a

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Medicine has evolved into a high level of specialization using the very detailed imaging of organs. This has impressively solved a multitude of acute health-related problems linked to single-organ diseases. Many diseases and pathophysiological processes, however, involve more than one organ. An organ-based approach is challenging when considering disease prevention and caring for elderly patients, or those with systemic chronic diseases or multiple co-morbidities. In addition, medical imaging provides more than a pretty picture. Much of the data are now revealed by quantitating algorithms with or without artificial intelligence. This Special Issue on “Systems Radiology and Personalized Medicine” includes reviews and original studies that show the strengths and weaknesses of structural and functional whole-body imaging for personalized medicine.

COVID-19 --- chest X-ray --- deep learning --- convolutional neural network --- Grad-CAM --- computed tomography --- image analysis --- osteoarthritis --- reliability --- FDG-PET/CT --- infection --- bloodstream infection --- endocarditis --- vascular graft infection --- spondylodiscitis --- cyst infection --- white blood cell scintigraphy --- total body PET/CT --- radiotracers --- artificial intelligence --- contrast media --- body composition --- large vessel vasculitis --- atherosclerosis --- imaging --- FDG-PET --- radiological imaging --- MRI --- non-contrast --- venography --- TRANCE --- QFlow --- neuroblastoma --- nuclear medicine --- radionuclide imaging --- [123I]mIBG --- [124I]mIBG --- [18F]mFBG --- [18F]FDG --- [68Ga]Ga-DOTA peptides --- [18F]F-DOPA --- [11C]mHED --- chronic limb-threatening ischemia --- peripheral arterial disease --- calcification pattern --- diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis --- risk factors --- adiposity --- intra-abdominal fat --- cardiorenal syndrome --- imaging biomarker --- tissue characterization --- cerebral aneurysm --- computational fluid dynamics --- hemodynamic --- morphological --- rupture --- n/a