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Bernard E. Harcourt develops a transformative theory and practice that builds on worldwide models of successful cooperation.

Fraternal organizations. --- Cooperation. --- Black Youth Project 100. --- Coöperism. --- abolition democracy. --- carceral state. --- mutual aid. --- mutualism. --- racial capitalism. --- socialism. --- unionization.

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'Presumed Criminal' is a provocative analysis of youth, race, and crime in New York City from the 1930s to the 1960s that shows how shifts in the criminal justice system bolstered authoritative efforts that criminalized black youths. Grounded in extensive research, it is a startling examination of a historical past that appears to be anything but past.

Youth and violence. --- Race relations. --- Juvenile delinquency. --- Discrimination in criminal justice administration. --- African Americans --- Discrimination in criminal justice administration --- African American youth --- Youth and violence --- Juvenile delinquency --- Race discrimination in criminal justice administration --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Delinquency, Juvenile --- Juvenile crime --- Conduct disorders in children --- Crime --- Juvenile corrections --- Reformatories --- Integration, Racial --- Race problems --- Race question --- Relations, Race --- Ethnology --- Social problems --- Sociology --- Ethnic relations --- Minorities --- Racism --- Violence and youth --- Violence --- Social conditions. --- History --- Social conditions --- New York (State) --- New York (N.Y.) --- New York (City) --- Race relations --- 1943 Harlem uprising. --- Black Lives Matter. --- David Campanella. --- Depression-era Harlem. --- Fiorella La Guardia. --- Harlem Six. --- Harlem YMCA. --- Harlem Young Citizens Council. --- Harlem riot. --- Jane M. Bolin. --- Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency. --- Trayvon Martin. --- antidelinquency. --- carceral state. --- community organizing. --- crime prevention. --- crime wave sensationalism. --- crime wave. --- criminal justice reform. --- criminal justice. --- criminalization. --- juvenile delinquency. --- juvenile justice. --- no-knock law. --- police brutality. --- police state. --- police-community relations. --- postwar delinquency. --- preventive policing. --- racial criminalization. --- racial liberalism. --- social justice. --- social psychiatry. --- stop-and-Frisk legislation. --- surveillance. --- wartime Harlem.