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The appearance of the new generation in higher plants is ensured by the presence of viable seeds in the mother plant. A good number of signaling networks is necessary to provoke germination. Phytohormones play a key role in all stages of seed development, maturation, and dormancy acquisition. The dormancy of some seeds can be relieved through a tightly regulated process called after-ripening (AR) that occurs in viable seeds stored in a dry environment. Although ABA is directly involved in dormancy, recent data suggest that auxin also plays a preponderant role. On the other hand, the participation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the life of the seed is becoming increasingly confirmed. ROS accumulate at different stages of the seed’s life and are correlated with a low degree of dormancy. Thus, ROS increase upon AR and dormancy release. In the last decade, the advances in the knowledge of seed life have been noteworthy. In this Special Issue, those processes regulated by DOG1, auxin, and nucleic acid modifications are updated. Likewise, new data on the effect of alternating temperatures (AT) on dormancy release are here present. On the one hand, the transcriptome patterns stimulated at AT that encompasses ethylene and ROS signaling and metabolism together with ABA degradation were also discussed. Finally, it was also suggested that changes in endogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) may prevent seed germination.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- chestnut --- GABA --- seed germination --- carbon metabolism --- nitrogen metabolism --- DOG1 --- seed dormancy --- ABA --- ethylene --- clade-A PP2C phosphatase (AHG1 --- AHG3) --- after-ripening --- asDOG1 --- heme-group --- association mapping --- climate adaptation --- germination --- genomics --- legumes --- Medicago --- plasticity --- physical dormancy --- DNA methylation --- oxidation --- RNA stability --- seed vigour --- ROS --- primary dormancy --- ABI3 --- auxin --- YUC --- PIN --- ARF --- endosperm --- integuments --- AGL62 --- PRC2 --- RNA-Seq --- dormancy termination --- gene expression --- antioxidants --- ethylene signaling --- environmental signals --- long-lived mRNA --- monosomes --- auxin and ABA --- alternating temperatures --- chestnut --- GABA --- seed germination --- carbon metabolism --- nitrogen metabolism --- DOG1 --- seed dormancy --- ABA --- ethylene --- clade-A PP2C phosphatase (AHG1 --- AHG3) --- after-ripening --- asDOG1 --- heme-group --- association mapping --- climate adaptation --- germination --- genomics --- legumes --- Medicago --- plasticity --- physical dormancy --- DNA methylation --- oxidation --- RNA stability --- seed vigour --- ROS --- primary dormancy --- ABI3 --- auxin --- YUC --- PIN --- ARF --- endosperm --- integuments --- AGL62 --- PRC2 --- RNA-Seq --- dormancy termination --- gene expression --- antioxidants --- ethylene signaling --- environmental signals --- long-lived mRNA --- monosomes --- auxin and ABA --- alternating temperatures

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The appearance of the new generation in higher plants is ensured by the presence of viable seeds in the mother plant. A good number of signaling networks is necessary to provoke germination. Phytohormones play a key role in all stages of seed development, maturation, and dormancy acquisition. The dormancy of some seeds can be relieved through a tightly regulated process called after-ripening (AR) that occurs in viable seeds stored in a dry environment. Although ABA is directly involved in dormancy, recent data suggest that auxin also plays a preponderant role. On the other hand, the participation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the life of the seed is becoming increasingly confirmed. ROS accumulate at different stages of the seed’s life and are correlated with a low degree of dormancy. Thus, ROS increase upon AR and dormancy release. In the last decade, the advances in the knowledge of seed life have been noteworthy. In this Special Issue, those processes regulated by DOG1, auxin, and nucleic acid modifications are updated. Likewise, new data on the effect of alternating temperatures (AT) on dormancy release are here present. On the one hand, the transcriptome patterns stimulated at AT that encompasses ethylene and ROS signaling and metabolism together with ABA degradation were also discussed. Finally, it was also suggested that changes in endogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) may prevent seed germination.

chestnut --- GABA --- seed germination --- carbon metabolism --- nitrogen metabolism --- DOG1 --- seed dormancy --- ABA --- ethylene --- clade-A PP2C phosphatase (AHG1 --- AHG3) --- after-ripening --- asDOG1 --- heme-group --- association mapping --- climate adaptation --- germination --- genomics --- legumes --- Medicago --- plasticity --- physical dormancy --- DNA methylation --- oxidation --- RNA stability --- seed vigour --- ROS --- primary dormancy --- ABI3 --- auxin --- YUC --- PIN --- ARF --- endosperm --- integuments --- AGL62 --- PRC2 --- RNA-Seq --- dormancy termination --- gene expression --- antioxidants --- ethylene signaling --- environmental signals --- long-lived mRNA --- monosomes --- auxin and ABA --- alternating temperatures

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Metabolomics has been a useful method for various study fields. However, its application in animal science does not seem to be sufficient. Metabolomics will be useful for various studies in animal science: Animal genetics and breeding, animal physiology, animal nutrition, animal products (milk, meat, eggs, and their by-products) and their processing, livestock environment, animal biotechnology, animal behavior, and animal welfare. More application examples and protocols for animal science will promote more motivation to use metabolomics effectively in the study field. Therefore, in this Special Issue, we introduced some research and review articles for “Metabolomic Applications in Anmal Science”. The main methods used were mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Not only a non-targeted, but also a targeted, analysis of metabolites is shown. The topics include dietary and pharmacological interventions and protocols for metabolomic experiments.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- albumen --- breed --- chicken --- feed --- metabolome --- yolk --- arachidonic acid --- omega-3 fatty acids --- lipidomics --- mass spectrometry --- dietary fat --- fatty acid metabolism --- pork --- meat --- skeletal muscle --- fiber type --- cooking --- beef --- Wagyu --- Holstein --- captive giraffes --- urine --- metabolomics --- 1H-NMR --- NMR --- metabotype --- transition --- ketosis --- cattle --- chemometrics --- spectral correction --- authentication --- biomarker --- feeding --- meat quality traits --- metabolite --- postmortem aging --- processing --- chickens --- heat stress --- lipid peroxidation --- orotic acid --- feed efficiency --- biomarkers --- SNPs --- GWAS --- RFI --- pigs --- pathways --- metabolic profile --- transition period --- livestock --- methyl donor --- one-carbon metabolism --- negative energy balance --- pasture legumes --- phytoestrogens --- flavonoids --- coumestans --- polyphenols --- proanthocyanidins --- metabolic profiling --- biosynthesis --- linear model --- transcriptomics --- horse --- metabolomic --- metabolism --- exercise --- saliva --- anabolic practices --- testosterone --- plasma --- CE-TOFMS --- intramuscular fat --- meat quality --- porcine --- albumen --- breed --- chicken --- feed --- metabolome --- yolk --- arachidonic acid --- omega-3 fatty acids --- lipidomics --- mass spectrometry --- dietary fat --- fatty acid metabolism --- pork --- meat --- skeletal muscle --- fiber type --- cooking --- beef --- Wagyu --- Holstein --- captive giraffes --- urine --- metabolomics --- 1H-NMR --- NMR --- metabotype --- transition --- ketosis --- cattle --- chemometrics --- spectral correction --- authentication --- biomarker --- feeding --- meat quality traits --- metabolite --- postmortem aging --- processing --- chickens --- heat stress --- lipid peroxidation --- orotic acid --- feed efficiency --- biomarkers --- SNPs --- GWAS --- RFI --- pigs --- pathways --- metabolic profile --- transition period --- livestock --- methyl donor --- one-carbon metabolism --- negative energy balance --- pasture legumes --- phytoestrogens --- flavonoids --- coumestans --- polyphenols --- proanthocyanidins --- metabolic profiling --- biosynthesis --- linear model --- transcriptomics --- horse --- metabolomic --- metabolism --- exercise --- saliva --- anabolic practices --- testosterone --- plasma --- CE-TOFMS --- intramuscular fat --- meat quality --- porcine

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Bones --- Bone --- Metabolism --- Os --- Bone Diseases, Metabolic. --- Osteology --- Metabolic Bone Diseases --- Osteopenia --- Bone Disease, Metabolic --- Disease, Metabolic Bone --- Diseases, Metabolic Bone --- Metabolic Bone Disease --- Osteopenias --- Physiology --- Pathophysiology --- Diseases --- Physiologie --- Périodiques. --- Physiopathologie --- Maladies --- Diseases. --- Pathophysiology. --- Physiology. --- Musculoskeletal system --- Skeleton --- Bone Diseases, Metabolic --- Low Bone Density --- Low Bone Mineral Density --- Bone Density, Low --- Low Bone Densities --- anabolism --- catabolism --- biochemistry --- physiology --- biocatalysis --- biosynthesis --- carbohydrate metabolism --- carbon metabolism --- catabolite repression --- copper metabolism --- dealkylation --- energy metabolism --- hormone metabolism --- lipid metabolism --- metabolic detoxification --- metabolic sequestration --- mineral metabolism --- nitrogen metabolism --- pharmacokinetics --- protein metabolism --- steroid metabolism --- vitamin metabolism --- water metabolism --- metabolic flux analysis --- metabolic studies --- metabolites --- metabolome --- metabolomics --- oxidative stress --- connective tissues --- musculoskeletal system --- bone density --- bone marrow --- bone types --- clavicle --- epiphyses --- sternum --- bone health --- renal osteodystrophy --- bone transplantation --- Bone Diseases, Metabolic, --- bones --- metabolism

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This book is a compilation of articles that brings together current knowledge from an international team of contributors who are dedicated investigators exploring novel strategies for the treatment of glioblastoma. These articles describe some of the latest concepts that will provide students, researchers and clinicians with an overview of the therapeutic approaches being developed in the field of neuro-oncology to combat this deadly disease.

glioblastoma --- glioma --- temozolomide --- radiotherapy --- immunotherapy --- novel therapy --- personalized treatment --- drug repurposing --- invasion --- invadopodia --- ion channels --- gene therapy --- viral vectors --- brain tumor --- nanomedicine --- cancer stem cell --- targeted therapy --- brain cancer --- cell cycle --- differentiation --- proliferation --- RAS --- SRGAP2 --- stem cell --- TP53 --- glioblastoma multiforme --- GBM --- nerve/glial antigen 2 --- NG2 --- CK2 --- CX-4945 --- migration --- CRISPR/Cas9 --- anticancer --- anti-angiogenesis --- thyrointegrin αvβ3 --- PEG --- triazole tetrac --- P-bi-TAT --- P-m-TAT --- tetrac --- one-carbon metabolism --- de novo purine synthesis --- metabolic reprogramming --- metabolic treatment --- vaccine --- immune checkpoint inhibitors --- chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells --- glioblastoma (GB) --- prolyl-oligopeptidase (POP) --- vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) --- transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) --- angiopoietin (Ang) --- endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) --- newly diagnosed glioblastoma --- recurrent glioblastoma --- new trial design --- drug-inducible gene expression --- Mardepodect --- Regorafenib --- drug targets --- tumor antigens --- renin–angiotensin system --- pluripotent stem cells --- organoids --- cancer stem cells --- cancer stem cell niche --- tumor microenvironment --- n/a --- renin-angiotensin system