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Environment perception with cameras is an important requirement for many applications for autonomous vehicles and robots. This work presents a stereoscopic omnidirectional camera system for autonomous vehicles which resolves the problem of a limited field of view and provides a 360° panoramic view of the environment. We present a new projection model for these cameras and show that the camera setup overcomes major drawbacks of traditional perspective cameras in many applications.

Bildverarbeitung --- Autonomous Vehicles --- Rundumsicht --- Kamera-Kalibrierung --- Computer Vision --- Autonomes Fahren --- Robotik --- Camera-Calibration --- Omni-Vision --- Robotics

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The Special Issue collects papers showing the progress made in key areas of photogrammetry and remote sensing such as modern and/or forthcoming sensors, improvements in data processing strategies and assessment of their reliability, application of innovations as proof of the contribution offered in the observation of the natural and built environment with better understanding of phenomena at required spatial scale.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- VHR tri-stereo satellite imagery --- digital elevation model --- isolated objects --- dense image matching --- change detection --- natural disasters --- deep learning --- threshold selection --- optical flow estimation --- Structure from Motion (SfM) --- 3D reconstruction --- noise estimation --- point clouds --- roughness --- surface reconstruction --- mesh model --- visibility constraints --- volumetric methods --- dense point cloud --- multiple view stereo (MVS) --- dense image matching (DIM) --- photogrammetry --- computer vision --- Copernicus --- Sentinel-1 --- Sentinel-2 --- InSAR --- damage proxy map --- Beirut --- Lebanon --- explosion --- radiometric calibration --- modeling --- geometric error --- high-precision calibration --- preprocessing --- enhancement --- point cloud --- image processing --- image histogram --- UAV --- camera calibration --- GNSS-assisted block orientation --- dome effect --- Monte Carlo simulation --- soil moisture content --- artificial neural network --- sample optimization --- synthetic aperture radar --- optical remote sensing image --- VHR tri-stereo satellite imagery --- digital elevation model --- isolated objects --- dense image matching --- change detection --- natural disasters --- deep learning --- threshold selection --- optical flow estimation --- Structure from Motion (SfM) --- 3D reconstruction --- noise estimation --- point clouds --- roughness --- surface reconstruction --- mesh model --- visibility constraints --- volumetric methods --- dense point cloud --- multiple view stereo (MVS) --- dense image matching (DIM) --- photogrammetry --- computer vision --- Copernicus --- Sentinel-1 --- Sentinel-2 --- InSAR --- damage proxy map --- Beirut --- Lebanon --- explosion --- radiometric calibration --- modeling --- geometric error --- high-precision calibration --- preprocessing --- enhancement --- point cloud --- image processing --- image histogram --- UAV --- camera calibration --- GNSS-assisted block orientation --- dome effect --- Monte Carlo simulation --- soil moisture content --- artificial neural network --- sample optimization --- synthetic aperture radar --- optical remote sensing image

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The Special Issue collects papers showing the progress made in key areas of photogrammetry and remote sensing such as modern and/or forthcoming sensors, improvements in data processing strategies and assessment of their reliability, application of innovations as proof of the contribution offered in the observation of the natural and built environment with better understanding of phenomena at required spatial scale.

VHR tri-stereo satellite imagery --- digital elevation model --- isolated objects --- dense image matching --- change detection --- natural disasters --- deep learning --- threshold selection --- optical flow estimation --- Structure from Motion (SfM) --- 3D reconstruction --- noise estimation --- point clouds --- roughness --- surface reconstruction --- mesh model --- visibility constraints --- volumetric methods --- dense point cloud --- multiple view stereo (MVS) --- dense image matching (DIM) --- photogrammetry --- computer vision --- Copernicus --- Sentinel-1 --- Sentinel-2 --- InSAR --- damage proxy map --- Beirut --- Lebanon --- explosion --- radiometric calibration --- modeling --- geometric error --- high-precision calibration --- n/a --- preprocessing --- enhancement --- point cloud --- image processing --- image histogram --- UAV --- camera calibration --- GNSS-assisted block orientation --- dome effect --- Monte Carlo simulation --- soil moisture content --- artificial neural network --- sample optimization --- synthetic aperture radar --- optical remote sensing image

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Machine learning is extending its applications in various fields, such as image processing, the Internet of Things, user interface, big data, manufacturing, management, etc. As data are required to build machine learning networks, sensors are one of the most important technologies. In addition, machine learning networks can contribute to the improvement in sensor performance and the creation of new sensor applications. This Special Issue addresses all types of machine learning applications related to sensors and imaging. It covers computer vision-based control, activity recognition, fuzzy label classification, failure classification, motor temperature estimation, the camera calibration of intelligent vehicles, error detection, color prior model, compressive sensing, wildfire risk assessment, shelf auditing, forest-growing stem volume estimation, road management, image denoising, and touchscreens.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- star image --- image denoising --- reinforcement learning --- maximum likelihood estimation --- mixed Poisson–Gaussian likelihood --- machine learning-based classification --- non-uniform foundation --- stochastic analysis --- vehicle–pavement–foundation interaction --- forest growing stem volume --- coniferous plantations --- variable selection --- texture feature --- random forest --- red-edge band --- on-shelf availability --- semi-supervised learning --- deep learning --- image classification --- machine learning --- explainable artificial intelligence --- wildfire --- risk assessment --- Naïve bayes --- transmission-line corridors --- image encryption --- compressive sensing --- plaintext related --- chaotic system --- convolutional neural network --- color prior model --- object detection --- piston error detection --- segmented telescope --- BP artificial neural network --- modulation transfer function --- computer vision --- intelligent vehicles --- extrinsic camera calibration --- structure from motion --- convex optimization --- temperature estimation --- BLDC --- electric machine protection --- touchscreen --- capacitive --- display --- SNR --- stylus --- laser cutting --- quality monitoring --- artificial neural network --- burr formation --- cut interruption --- fiber laser --- semi-supervised --- fuzzy --- noisy --- real-world --- plankton --- marine --- activity recognition --- wearable sensors --- imbalanced activities --- sampling methods --- path planning --- Q-learning --- neural network --- YOLO algorithm --- robot arm --- target reaching --- obstacle avoidance --- star image --- image denoising --- reinforcement learning --- maximum likelihood estimation --- mixed Poisson–Gaussian likelihood --- machine learning-based classification --- non-uniform foundation --- stochastic analysis --- vehicle–pavement–foundation interaction --- forest growing stem volume --- coniferous plantations --- variable selection --- texture feature --- random forest --- red-edge band --- on-shelf availability --- semi-supervised learning --- deep learning --- image classification --- machine learning --- explainable artificial intelligence --- wildfire --- risk assessment --- Naïve bayes --- transmission-line corridors --- image encryption --- compressive sensing --- plaintext related --- chaotic system --- convolutional neural network --- color prior model --- object detection --- piston error detection --- segmented telescope --- BP artificial neural network --- modulation transfer function --- computer vision --- intelligent vehicles --- extrinsic camera calibration --- structure from motion --- convex optimization --- temperature estimation --- BLDC --- electric machine protection --- touchscreen --- capacitive --- display --- SNR --- stylus --- laser cutting --- quality monitoring --- artificial neural network --- burr formation --- cut interruption --- fiber laser --- semi-supervised --- fuzzy --- noisy --- real-world --- plankton --- marine --- activity recognition --- wearable sensors --- imbalanced activities --- sampling methods --- path planning --- Q-learning --- neural network --- YOLO algorithm --- robot arm --- target reaching --- obstacle avoidance

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In past decades, various sensor technologies have been used in all areas of our lives, thus improving our quality of life. In particular, imaging sensors have been widely applied in the development of various imaging approaches such as optical imaging, ultrasound imaging, X-ray imaging, and nuclear imaging, and contributed to achieve high sensitivity, miniaturization, and real-time imaging. These advanced image sensing technologies play an important role not only in the medical field but also in the industrial field. This Special Issue covers broad topics on imaging sensors and applications. The scope range of imaging sensors can be extended to novel imaging sensors and diverse imaging systems, including hardware and software advancements. Additionally, biomedical and nondestructive sensing applications are welcome.

Technology: general issues --- fluorescence LiDAR --- laser-induced fluorescence --- vegetation monitoring --- classification discrimination --- 3D measurement --- fringe projection --- 3D Fourier transform --- phase unwrapping --- phase measurement --- ultrasound --- photoacoustic imaging --- photoacoustic microscopy --- biomedical imaging --- multifocal point transducer --- wave patterns --- analytical model --- directivity pattern --- guided wave (GW) --- non-destructive testing (NDT) --- macro-fiber composite (MFC) --- transducer --- elastography --- soft tissue --- nonlinearity --- viscoelasticity --- acoustic emission --- hydrogel --- nanosilica --- transcranial --- skull bone --- aberration --- photoacoustic --- distortion --- brain imaging --- balloon catheter --- image guiding --- medical diagnostic imaging --- ultrasonic imaging --- abdominal ultrasound --- plane wave imaging --- diverging wave imaging --- synthetic focusing --- back muscle stiffness --- spine --- elasticity --- shear-wave elastography (SWE) --- tissue ultrasound palpation system (TUPS) --- reliability --- Young's modulus --- carfilzomib --- peripheral vasculature --- quantitative analysis --- transrectal probe --- optical lens --- ultrasound imaging --- prostate cancer --- optical coherence tomography --- quad-scanner scanning strategy --- whole-directional scanning --- full-directional imaging --- IoT --- remote control --- remote operation --- remote sharing economy --- research equipment sharing --- two-photon laser scanning microscopy --- MQTT --- deep learning --- ensemble learning --- brain tumor classification --- machine learning --- transfer learning --- around view monitoring system --- automatic camera calibration --- vision-based advanced driver assistance systems --- high-frequency ultrasound --- ophthalmic imaging --- synthetic aperture --- convex array transducer --- bandwidth expander --- ultrasound transducer device --- power amplifier --- super-resolution --- clinical applications --- fluorescence LiDAR --- laser-induced fluorescence --- vegetation monitoring --- classification discrimination --- 3D measurement --- fringe projection --- 3D Fourier transform --- phase unwrapping --- phase measurement --- ultrasound --- photoacoustic imaging --- photoacoustic microscopy --- biomedical imaging --- multifocal point transducer --- wave patterns --- analytical model --- directivity pattern --- guided wave (GW) --- non-destructive testing (NDT) --- macro-fiber composite (MFC) --- transducer --- elastography --- soft tissue --- nonlinearity --- viscoelasticity --- acoustic emission --- hydrogel --- nanosilica --- transcranial --- skull bone --- aberration --- photoacoustic --- distortion --- brain imaging --- balloon catheter --- image guiding --- medical diagnostic imaging --- ultrasonic imaging --- abdominal ultrasound --- plane wave imaging --- diverging wave imaging --- synthetic focusing --- back muscle stiffness --- spine --- elasticity --- shear-wave elastography (SWE) --- tissue ultrasound palpation system (TUPS) --- reliability --- Young's modulus --- carfilzomib --- peripheral vasculature --- quantitative analysis --- transrectal probe --- optical lens --- ultrasound imaging --- prostate cancer --- optical coherence tomography --- quad-scanner scanning strategy --- whole-directional scanning --- full-directional imaging --- IoT --- remote control --- remote operation --- remote sharing economy --- research equipment sharing --- two-photon laser scanning microscopy --- MQTT --- deep learning --- ensemble learning --- brain tumor classification --- machine learning --- transfer learning --- around view monitoring system --- automatic camera calibration --- vision-based advanced driver assistance systems --- high-frequency ultrasound --- ophthalmic imaging --- synthetic aperture --- convex array transducer --- bandwidth expander --- ultrasound transducer device --- power amplifier --- super-resolution --- clinical applications