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L’emploi de probiotiques et prébiotiques est de plus en plus répandu pour leurs effets bénéfiques sur le microbiote gastro-intestinal, constatés par de nombreuses études sur le sujet. Les probiotiques sont des microorganismes qui, lorsqu’administrés en quantité suffisante, confèrent un effet bénéfique pour la santé de l’hôte tels que les bactéries Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus et Streptococcus thermophilus contenues dans les yaourts. Les prébiotiques sont des substrats utilisés de façon sélective par les microorganismes de l’hôte et qui ont un effet bénéfique sur la santé, comme par exemple les galacto-oligosaccharides. Les produits principaux de la fermentation ou de la dégradation des prébiotiques sont les acides gras volatils (acétate, propionate et butyrate). Les symbiotiques sont la combinaison des probiotiques et des prébiotiques.
Le complément alimentaire oral qui fait l’objet de notre étude est une boisson fermentée dérivée du lactosérum - partie liquide qui se sépare du caillé lors de la fabrication de fromage.
Afin d’étudier les effets de ce complément alimentaire sur le microbiote gastro-intestinal, un modèle intestinal, le système SHIME, a été utilisé. Les résultats du premier essai ont permis de mettre en évidence des effets intéressants tels qu’une hausse des proportions de bifidobactéries par rapport à la flore totale ainsi qu’une hausse de la production d’acétate et de butyrate. Cependant des analyses plus poussées sont nécessaires afin de confirmer ces résultats et pouvoir en tirer des conclusions.

Probiotiques --- Prébiotiques --- Symbiotiques --- Microbiote --- Acides gras volatils --- GOS --- Butyrate --- SHIME --- Sciences de la santé humaine > Endocrinologie, métabolisme & nutrition

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This eBook focuses on current progress in understanding the role of chromatin structure, its modifications and remodeling in developmental and physiological processes. Eukaryotic genomes are packed into the supramolecular nucleoprotein structure of chromatin. Therefore, our understanding of processes such as DNA replication and repair, transcription, and cell differentiation requires an understanding of the structure and function of chromatin. While the nucleotide sequence of the DNA component of chromatin constitutes the genetic material of the cell, the other chromatin components (and also modifications of bases in the DNA itself) participate in so-called epigenetic processes. These processes are essential, e.g., in ontogenesis or adaptation to environmental changes. Therefore, epigenetics is particularly important (and elaborated) in plants that show a high developmental plasticity and, as sessile organisms, display an enormous capacity to cope with environmental stress. In these processes, epigenetic mechanisms show a crosstalk with plant signaling pathways mediated by phytohormones and redox components. You are welcome to read examples of current research and review articles in this hot research topic.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- auxin --- chromatin remodeling factor --- cuticular wax --- drought tolerance --- epigenetic regulation --- leaf width --- histone modification --- narrow leaf --- OsCHR4 --- rice --- 3D-FISH --- barley --- chromatin --- hybrid --- introgression --- nucleus --- rye --- wheat --- chromatin remodeling --- INO80/SWR1 complexes --- NuA4 complex --- histone variant H2A.Z --- gene regulation --- plant development --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- epigenetics --- histone --- mass spectrometry --- post-translational modifications --- sodium butyrate --- trichostatin A --- Swi3-like proteins --- gene expression --- protein interaction --- leaf development --- tomato --- Arabidopsis --- KNL2 --- kinetochores --- RNA-seq --- centromere --- SWI3C --- SWI/SNF --- cold response --- ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling --- transcriptional control of gene expression --- circRNAs --- jasmonic acid --- GO enrichment --- miRNA decoys --- epigenetic modifications --- DNA methylation --- redox regulation --- reactive oxygen species --- nitric oxide --- antioxidants --- circular chromosome conformation capture --- genome architecture --- T-DNA --- transgenic --- chromosomal rearrangements --- synthetic biology --- auxin --- chromatin remodeling factor --- cuticular wax --- drought tolerance --- epigenetic regulation --- leaf width --- histone modification --- narrow leaf --- OsCHR4 --- rice --- 3D-FISH --- barley --- chromatin --- hybrid --- introgression --- nucleus --- rye --- wheat --- chromatin remodeling --- INO80/SWR1 complexes --- NuA4 complex --- histone variant H2A.Z --- gene regulation --- plant development --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- epigenetics --- histone --- mass spectrometry --- post-translational modifications --- sodium butyrate --- trichostatin A --- Swi3-like proteins --- gene expression --- protein interaction --- leaf development --- tomato --- Arabidopsis --- KNL2 --- kinetochores --- RNA-seq --- centromere --- SWI3C --- SWI/SNF --- cold response --- ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling --- transcriptional control of gene expression --- circRNAs --- jasmonic acid --- GO enrichment --- miRNA decoys --- epigenetic modifications --- DNA methylation --- redox regulation --- reactive oxygen species --- nitric oxide --- antioxidants --- circular chromosome conformation capture --- genome architecture --- T-DNA --- transgenic --- chromosomal rearrangements --- synthetic biology

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The Mediterranean diet is a model of eating based on the traditional foods and drinks of the countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. The cultural and the nutritional aspects of the multisecular Mediterranean civilization include diet as a central element of health and wellbeing, including wine, if it is consumed in moderation. In recent decades, it has been promoted worldwide (UNESCO 2010) as one of the healthiest dietary patterns. The objective of this book is to bring the role of wine as part of the Mediterranean diet to light, especially through policy makers, the medical world, and vectors of images.

apigenin --- docosahexaenoic acid --- eicosapentaenoic acid --- 7-ketocholesterol --- α-linolenic acid --- Mediterranean diet --- N2a cells --- oleic acid --- oxidative stress --- quercetin --- resveratrol. --- wine --- ethanol --- acetaldehyde --- oral cavity cancer --- carcinogenesis --- resveratrol --- polydatin --- peonidin 3-O-glucoside --- malvidin 3-O-glucoside --- quercetin 3-O-glucoside --- (+)-catechin --- (+)-taxifolin --- apoptosis --- neuronal death --- cerebellum --- polyphenols --- flavonoids --- diet --- clinical trials --- metabolites --- resveratrol butyrate ester --- butyric acid --- Steglich esterification --- prevent fat accumulation --- wine intake --- cardiovascular disease --- cancer --- dementia --- red wine extract --- AMD --- retinal cells --- ARPE-19 --- degenerative diseases --- ocular diseases --- olive oil --- alcohol --- phytochemicals --- tyrosol --- inflammatory bowel disease --- Crohn’s disease --- ulcerative colitis --- inflammation --- neurodegeneration --- neuroprotection --- therapeutic targets --- pharmacology --- novel delivery system --- postovulatory aging --- oocyte quality --- reactive oxygen species --- n/a --- Crohn's disease

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Health is defined as “the state of the organism when it functions optimally without evidence of disease”. Surprisingly, the words “microbes” or “microorganism” are missing in this definition. The regulation of gut microbiota is mediated by an enormous quantity of aspects, such as microbiological factors, host characteristics, diet patterns, and environmental variables. Some protective, structural, and metabolic functions have been reported for gut microbiota, and these functions are related to the regulation of homeostasis and host health. Host defense against pathogens is, in part, mediated through gut microbiota action and requires intimate interpretation of the current microenvironment and discrimination between commensal and occasional bacteria. The present Special Issue provides a summary of the progress on the topic of intestinal microbiota and its important role in human health in different populations. This Special Issue will be of great interest from a clinical and public health perspective. Nevertheless, more studies with more samples and comparable methods are necessary to understand the actual function of intestinal microbiota in disease development and health maintenance.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- sperm quality --- probiotics --- zebrafish --- motility --- behavior --- intestinal microbiota --- intestinal Bacteroides --- cardiorespiratory fitness --- trunk muscle training --- aerobic exercise training --- brisk walking --- nutrients --- gut microbiota --- nutrition --- habitual diets --- Western diet --- obesity --- cardiometabolic risk factors --- chronic health conditions --- gastrointestinal disorders --- prebiotics and probiotics --- metabolic syndrome --- gastrointestinal microbiome --- Lactobacillus reuteri V3401 --- sugar alcohol --- prebiotic --- bowel function --- immune function --- respiratory tract infections --- otitis media --- sinusitis --- weight management --- satiety --- bone health --- AMP-activated protein kinase --- butyrate --- developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) --- high fat diet --- hypertension --- nutrient-sensing signals --- propionate --- short chain fatty acids --- kefir --- autism spectrum disorders --- oral microbiota --- dysbiosis --- co-occurring conditions --- allergy --- abdominal pain --- biomarker discovery --- anorexia --- food restriction --- ClpB --- microbiota --- Enterobacteriaceae --- inulin --- circadian rhythm --- feeding timing --- choline --- trimethylamine --- trimethylamine n-oxide --- 16S rRNA gene profiling --- qPCR --- linear mixed models --- soy protein --- lipid metabolism --- circadian --- chrono-nutrition --- microbiome --- pregnancy --- fetus --- placenta --- newborn --- infancy --- critical illness --- sepsis --- lipid metabolome --- amlodipine --- corticosterone --- ACTH --- gut bacteriome --- ischemia-reperfusion injury --- nutritional status --- supplemented nutrition --- partial hepatectomy --- liver transplantation --- vaginal microbiome --- bacterial communities --- vaginal dysbiosis --- bacterial vaginosis --- risk factors --- hormone replacement therapy --- cardiovascular diseases --- atherosclerosis --- prebiotics --- alanine aminotransferase --- antibiotic --- Optifast --- gut microbiome --- metronidazole --- nonnutritive sweeteners --- sweetening agents --- sperm quality --- probiotics --- zebrafish --- motility --- behavior --- intestinal microbiota --- intestinal Bacteroides --- cardiorespiratory fitness --- trunk muscle training --- aerobic exercise training --- brisk walking --- nutrients --- gut microbiota --- nutrition --- habitual diets --- Western diet --- obesity --- cardiometabolic risk factors --- chronic health conditions --- gastrointestinal disorders --- prebiotics and probiotics --- metabolic syndrome --- gastrointestinal microbiome --- Lactobacillus reuteri V3401 --- sugar alcohol --- prebiotic --- bowel function --- immune function --- respiratory tract infections --- otitis media --- sinusitis --- weight management --- satiety --- bone health --- AMP-activated protein kinase --- butyrate --- developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) --- high fat diet --- hypertension --- nutrient-sensing signals --- propionate --- short chain fatty acids --- kefir --- autism spectrum disorders --- oral microbiota --- dysbiosis --- co-occurring conditions --- allergy --- abdominal pain --- biomarker discovery --- anorexia --- food restriction --- ClpB --- microbiota --- Enterobacteriaceae --- inulin --- circadian rhythm --- feeding timing --- choline --- trimethylamine --- trimethylamine n-oxide --- 16S rRNA gene profiling --- qPCR --- linear mixed models --- soy protein --- lipid metabolism --- circadian --- chrono-nutrition --- microbiome --- pregnancy --- fetus --- placenta --- newborn --- infancy --- critical illness --- sepsis --- lipid metabolome --- amlodipine --- corticosterone --- ACTH --- gut bacteriome --- ischemia-reperfusion injury --- nutritional status --- supplemented nutrition --- partial hepatectomy --- liver transplantation --- vaginal microbiome --- bacterial communities --- vaginal dysbiosis --- bacterial vaginosis --- risk factors --- hormone replacement therapy --- cardiovascular diseases --- atherosclerosis --- prebiotics --- alanine aminotransferase --- antibiotic --- Optifast --- gut microbiome --- metronidazole --- nonnutritive sweeteners --- sweetening agents

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In recent years, artificial intelligence has increasingly been playing an essential role in diverse areas in medicine, assisting clinicians in patient management. In nephrology and transplantation, artificial intelligence can be utilized to enhance clinical care, such as through hemodialysis prescriptions and the follow-up of kidney transplant patients. Furthermore, there are rapidly expanding applications and validations of comprehensive, computerized medical records and related databases, including national registries, health insurance, and drug prescriptions. For this Special Issue, we made a call to action to stimulate researchers and clinicians to submit their invaluable works and present, here, a collection of articles covering original clinical research (single- or multi-center), database studies from registries, meta-analyses, and artificial intelligence research in nephrology including acute kidney injury, electrolytes and acid–base, chronic kidney disease, glomerular disease, dialysis, and transplantation that will provide additional knowledge and skills in the field of nephrology and transplantation toward improving patient outcomes.

Medicine --- tacrolimus --- C/D ratio --- tacrolimus metabolism --- everolimus --- conversion --- kidney transplantation --- gut microbiome --- renal transplant recipient --- diarrhea --- immunosuppressive medication --- gut microbiota --- 16S rRNA sequencing --- butyrate-producing bacteria --- Proteobacteria --- torquetenovirus --- immunosuppression --- transplantation --- immunosuppressed host --- outcome --- renal transplantation --- Goodpasture syndrome --- anti-GBM disease --- epidemiology --- hospitalization --- outcomes --- acute kidney injury --- risk prediction --- artificial intelligence --- patent ductus arteriosus --- conservative management --- blood pressure --- eradication --- interferon-free regimen --- hepatitis C infection --- kidney transplant --- allograft steatosis --- lipopeliosis --- transplant numbers --- live donors --- public awareness --- Google TrendsTM --- machine learning --- big data --- nephrology --- chronic kidney disease --- NLR --- PLR --- RPGN --- predictive value --- hemodialysis --- withdrawal --- cellular crescent --- global sclerosis --- procurement kidney biopsy --- glomerulosclerosis --- minimally-invasive donor nephrectomy --- robot-assisted surgery --- laparoscopic surgery --- organ donation --- living kidney donation --- MeltDose® --- LCPT --- renal function --- liver transplantation --- metabolism --- erythropoietin --- fibroblast growth factor 23 --- death --- weekend effect --- in-hospital mortality --- comorbidity --- dialysis --- elderly --- klotho --- α-Klotho --- FGF-23 --- kidney donor --- Nephrology --- CKD-MBD --- CKD-Mineral and Bone Disorder --- deceased donor --- Eurotransplant Senior Program --- risk stratification --- intensive care --- kidney transplant recipients --- long-term outcomes --- graft failure --- cardiovascular mortality --- lifestyle --- inflammation --- vascular calcification --- bone mineral density --- dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry --- living donation --- repeated kidney transplantation --- graft survival --- prolonged ischaemic time --- patient survival --- pre-emptive transplantation --- metabolomics --- urine --- acute rejection --- allograft --- cystatin C --- hyperfiltration --- kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1 --- tubular damage --- genetic polymorphisms --- (cardiac) surgery --- inflammatory cytokines --- clinical studies --- chronic kidney disease (CKD) --- no known kidney disease (NKD) --- ICD-10 billing codes --- phenotyping --- electronic health record (EHR) --- estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) --- machine learning (ML) --- generalized linear model network (GLMnet) --- random forest (RF) --- artificial neural network (ANN), clinical natural language processing (clinical NLP) --- discharge summaries --- laboratory values --- area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) --- area under the precision-recall curve (AUCPR) --- fibrosis --- extracellular matrix --- collagen type VI --- living-donor kidney transplantation --- ethnic disparity --- tacrolimus --- C/D ratio --- tacrolimus metabolism --- everolimus --- conversion --- kidney transplantation --- gut microbiome --- renal transplant recipient --- diarrhea --- immunosuppressive medication --- gut microbiota --- 16S rRNA sequencing --- butyrate-producing bacteria --- Proteobacteria --- torquetenovirus --- immunosuppression --- transplantation --- immunosuppressed host --- outcome --- renal transplantation --- Goodpasture syndrome --- anti-GBM disease --- epidemiology --- hospitalization --- outcomes --- acute kidney injury --- risk prediction --- artificial intelligence --- patent ductus arteriosus --- conservative management --- blood pressure --- eradication --- interferon-free regimen --- hepatitis C infection --- kidney transplant --- allograft steatosis --- lipopeliosis --- transplant numbers --- live donors --- public awareness --- Google TrendsTM --- machine learning --- big data --- nephrology --- chronic kidney disease --- NLR --- PLR --- RPGN --- predictive value --- hemodialysis --- withdrawal --- cellular crescent --- global sclerosis --- procurement kidney biopsy --- glomerulosclerosis --- minimally-invasive donor nephrectomy --- robot-assisted surgery --- laparoscopic surgery --- organ donation --- living kidney donation --- MeltDose® --- LCPT --- renal function --- liver transplantation --- metabolism --- erythropoietin --- fibroblast growth factor 23 --- death --- weekend effect --- in-hospital mortality --- comorbidity --- dialysis --- elderly --- klotho --- α-Klotho --- FGF-23 --- kidney donor --- Nephrology --- CKD-MBD --- CKD-Mineral and Bone Disorder --- deceased donor --- Eurotransplant Senior Program --- risk stratification --- intensive care --- kidney transplant recipients --- long-term outcomes --- graft failure --- cardiovascular mortality --- lifestyle --- inflammation --- vascular calcification --- bone mineral density --- dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry --- living donation --- repeated kidney transplantation --- graft survival --- prolonged ischaemic time --- patient survival --- pre-emptive transplantation --- metabolomics --- urine --- acute rejection --- allograft --- cystatin C --- hyperfiltration --- kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1 --- tubular damage --- genetic polymorphisms --- (cardiac) surgery --- inflammatory cytokines --- clinical studies --- chronic kidney disease (CKD) --- no known kidney disease (NKD) --- ICD-10 billing codes --- phenotyping --- electronic health record (EHR) --- estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) --- machine learning (ML) --- generalized linear model network (GLMnet) --- random forest (RF) --- artificial neural network (ANN), clinical natural language processing (clinical NLP) --- discharge summaries --- laboratory values --- area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) --- area under the precision-recall curve (AUCPR) --- fibrosis --- extracellular matrix --- collagen type VI --- living-donor kidney transplantation --- ethnic disparity