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In recent years, microwave sensing and imaging have acquired an ever-growing importance in several applicative fields, such as non-destructive evaluations in industry and civil engineering, subsurface prospection, security, and biomedical imaging. Indeed, microwave techniques allow, in principle, for information to be obtained directly regarding the physical parameters of the inspected targets (dielectric properties, shape, etc.) by using safe electromagnetic radiations and cost-effective systems. Consequently, a great deal of research activity has recently been devoted to the development of efficient/reliable measurement systems, which are effective data processing algorithms that can be used to solve the underlying electromagnetic inverse scattering problem, and efficient forward solvers to model electromagnetic interactions. Within this framework, this Special Issue aims to provide some insights into recent microwave sensing and imaging systems and techniques.

MW magnetic field --- axial ratio --- polarization --- NV center --- two-dimensional radar imaging --- multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar --- Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) --- imaging plane calibration algorithm (IPCA) --- microwave tomography --- stroke detection --- DBIM --- linearized inverse scattering --- microwave imaging --- orbital angular momentum --- born approximation --- rytov approximation --- brain stroke --- monitoring --- antenna array --- electromagnetic scattering --- buried objects --- through-wall radar --- inverse scattering --- breast --- multipath --- dynamic range --- software defined radio --- leakage --- frequency-dimension scale --- terahertz --- measurements --- differential imaging --- numerical optimization --- block system inversion --- trade-off analysis --- medical MEMS --- wireless power transfer --- microwave --- thermography --- field illustration --- permittivity --- radar imaging --- target detection --- experimental measurements --- imaging --- wave propagation --- beam summation methods

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Nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) is one of the most important techniques for determining the quality and safety of materials, components, devices, and structures. NDT&E technologies include ultrasonic testing (UT), magnetic particle testing (MT), magnetic flux leakage testing (MFLT), eddy current testing (ECT), radiation testing (RT), penetrant testing (PT), and visual testing (VT), and these are widely used throughout the modern industry. However, some NDT processes, such as those for cleaning specimens and removing paint, cause environmental pollution and must only be considered in limited environments (time, space, and sensor selection). Thus, NDT&E is classified as a typical 3D (dirty, dangerous, and difficult) job. In addition, NDT operators judge the presence of damage based on experience and subjective judgment, so in some cases, a flaw may not be detected during the test. Therefore, to obtain clearer test results, a means for the operator to determine flaws more easily should be provided. In addition, the test results should be organized systemically in order to identify the cause of the abnormality in the test specimen and to identify the progress of the damage quantitatively.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- composites --- multi-scale --- embedded damage --- non-destructive testing --- photoacoustic --- ultrasonic representation --- terahertz --- coded-aperture imaging --- convolution neural network (CNN) --- fast image reconstruction --- nondestructive evaluation --- acoustic nonlinearity parameter --- indirect method --- laser ultrasound --- fully non-contact --- surface acoustic wave --- UWB-PPM --- UWB-OOK --- buried objects --- nondestructive environment --- Levenberg-Marquardt method --- textured surface anomaly detection --- computer vision --- deep learning --- attention mechanism --- adaptive fusion --- power quality disturbances --- long short term memory --- convolutional neural network --- short time Fourier transform --- leaky Lamb wave --- semi-analytical finite element (SAFE) --- waveguide sensor --- finite-width plate --- waveguide plate --- width modes --- spatial beating --- Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integral (RSI) --- weld cracks --- eddy current nondestructive testing --- gradiently relative magnetic permeability --- heat affected zone --- austenitic stainless steel --- circulating fluidized bed combustion boiler --- water-cooled wall tube --- magnetic sensor array --- magnetic flux density --- flexible ultrasonic probe --- neutron irradiation embrittlement --- reactor pressure vessel --- magnetic nondestructive evaluation --- micromagnetic multiparameter microstructure and stress analysis 3MA --- magnetic adaptive testing --- 3D imaging of metal grains --- non-destructive testing methods --- stacking images --- SA106 carbon steel --- terahertz waves --- refractive index --- thickness measurement --- Shim stock films --- composite materials --- reflection mode --- neutron radiography --- Bragg-edge imaging --- gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) --- low transformation temperature (LTT) steel --- austenite-to-martensite transformation --- Debye-Waller factor --- composites --- multi-scale --- embedded damage --- non-destructive testing --- photoacoustic --- ultrasonic representation --- terahertz --- coded-aperture imaging --- convolution neural network (CNN) --- fast image reconstruction --- nondestructive evaluation --- acoustic nonlinearity parameter --- indirect method --- laser ultrasound --- fully non-contact --- surface acoustic wave --- UWB-PPM --- UWB-OOK --- buried objects --- nondestructive environment --- Levenberg-Marquardt method --- textured surface anomaly detection --- computer vision --- deep learning --- attention mechanism --- adaptive fusion --- power quality disturbances --- long short term memory --- convolutional neural network --- short time Fourier transform --- leaky Lamb wave --- semi-analytical finite element (SAFE) --- waveguide sensor --- finite-width plate --- waveguide plate --- width modes --- spatial beating --- Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integral (RSI) --- weld cracks --- eddy current nondestructive testing --- gradiently relative magnetic permeability --- heat affected zone --- austenitic stainless steel --- circulating fluidized bed combustion boiler --- water-cooled wall tube --- magnetic sensor array --- magnetic flux density --- flexible ultrasonic probe --- neutron irradiation embrittlement --- reactor pressure vessel --- magnetic nondestructive evaluation --- micromagnetic multiparameter microstructure and stress analysis 3MA --- magnetic adaptive testing --- 3D imaging of metal grains --- non-destructive testing methods --- stacking images --- SA106 carbon steel --- terahertz waves --- refractive index --- thickness measurement --- Shim stock films --- composite materials --- reflection mode --- neutron radiography --- Bragg-edge imaging --- gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) --- low transformation temperature (LTT) steel --- austenite-to-martensite transformation --- Debye-Waller factor

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) is one of the most important techniques for determining the quality and safety of materials, components, devices, and structures. NDT&E technologies include ultrasonic testing (UT), magnetic particle testing (MT), magnetic flux leakage testing (MFLT), eddy current testing (ECT), radiation testing (RT), penetrant testing (PT), and visual testing (VT), and these are widely used throughout the modern industry. However, some NDT processes, such as those for cleaning specimens and removing paint, cause environmental pollution and must only be considered in limited environments (time, space, and sensor selection). Thus, NDT&E is classified as a typical 3D (dirty, dangerous, and difficult) job. In addition, NDT operators judge the presence of damage based on experience and subjective judgment, so in some cases, a flaw may not be detected during the test. Therefore, to obtain clearer test results, a means for the operator to determine flaws more easily should be provided. In addition, the test results should be organized systemically in order to identify the cause of the abnormality in the test specimen and to identify the progress of the damage quantitatively.

composites --- multi-scale --- embedded damage --- non-destructive testing --- photoacoustic --- ultrasonic representation --- terahertz --- coded-aperture imaging --- convolution neural network (CNN) --- fast image reconstruction --- nondestructive evaluation --- acoustic nonlinearity parameter --- indirect method --- laser ultrasound --- fully non-contact --- surface acoustic wave --- UWB-PPM --- UWB-OOK --- buried objects --- nondestructive environment --- Levenberg–Marquardt method --- textured surface anomaly detection --- computer vision --- deep learning --- attention mechanism --- adaptive fusion --- power quality disturbances --- long short term memory --- convolutional neural network --- short time Fourier transform --- leaky Lamb wave --- semi-analytical finite element (SAFE) --- waveguide sensor --- finite-width plate --- waveguide plate --- width modes --- spatial beating --- Rayleigh–Sommerfeld integral (RSI) --- weld cracks --- eddy current nondestructive testing --- gradiently relative magnetic permeability --- heat affected zone --- austenitic stainless steel --- circulating fluidized bed combustion boiler --- water-cooled wall tube --- magnetic sensor array --- magnetic flux density --- flexible ultrasonic probe --- neutron irradiation embrittlement --- reactor pressure vessel --- magnetic nondestructive evaluation --- micromagnetic multiparameter microstructure and stress analysis 3MA --- magnetic adaptive testing --- 3D imaging of metal grains --- non-destructive testing methods --- stacking images --- SA106 carbon steel --- terahertz waves --- refractive index --- thickness measurement --- Shim stock films --- composite materials --- reflection mode --- neutron radiography --- Bragg-edge imaging --- gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) --- low transformation temperature (LTT) steel --- austenite-to-martensite transformation --- Debye–Waller factor --- n/a --- Levenberg-Marquardt method --- Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integral (RSI) --- Debye-Waller factor