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We would like to provide the scientists a set of studies entitled "Study of the Influence of Abiotic and Biotic Stress Factors on Horticultural Plants". The reprint book contains 12 papers about the influence of the stress factors on the plant growth and soil parameters. Authors descripted the impact of the biotic and abiotic stress factors (i.e., high, and low temperature, salt, inorganic pollutants such as salts, heavy metals, phosphite, as well as irrigation) on the physiological, biochemical, and anatomical changes occurring in the plants at the cellular, tissue, organ, and whole plant level. The subject of these studies were different plant species, i.e., watermelon, lettuce, kale, potato, grapevine, hops, orchid, strawberry, and boxwood. The ideas of the papers can be divided into five topics: (1) achieving better quality of plant material for food production by changes made in the growth conditions, metabolic and genetic modifications; (2) increasing the plant resistance to environmental stresses by application of exogenous compounds of different chemical character; (3) reducing plant stress caused by anthropogenic activity applying nonmodified and genetically modified plants; (4) mitigating drought stress by irrigation; and 5) the positive effect of plant growth-promoting microorganisms on horticulture plants performance during drought stress.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- abiotic stress --- strawberry --- companion plants --- phytoremediation --- cold stress --- cold-responsive genes --- anti-oxidants --- proline --- malondialdehyde --- hormone profiling --- 5-aminolevulinic acid --- Buxus megistophylla --- chlorophyll fast fluorescence characteristics --- mineral nutrition --- urban road greening --- orchid --- transformed ecosystems --- fly ash --- metals --- adaptive responses --- water exchange --- leaf mesostructure --- photosynthetic pigments --- photosynthesis --- plant introduction --- grapevine --- maximum daily shrinkage --- daily increase --- stem water potential --- leaf relative water content --- signal intensity --- Humulus lupulus L. --- soil porosity --- soil bulk density --- liming --- hop ridges --- Vitis spp. --- piwi cultivars --- disease-resistant varieties --- malic acid --- ripening --- fruit composition --- downy mildew --- phosphite stress --- antioxidant enzyme --- hydrogen peroxide --- root morphology --- potato --- genotypes --- Brassica oleracea var. acephala --- short-term cold stress --- phytochemicals --- pigments --- antioxidant enzymes --- chitosan (CTS) --- lettuce --- salinity --- soluble sugars --- climate change --- drought stress --- biopreparations --- plant stimulation --- plant growth-promoting microorganisms --- watermelon --- rootstock --- gene expression --- n/a

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Globally, fire regimes are being altered by changing climatic conditions and land use changes. This has the potential to drive species extinctions and cause ecosystem state changes, with a range of consequences for ecosystem services. Accurate prediction of the risk of forest fires over short timescales (weeks or months) is required for land managers to target suppression resources in order to protect people, property, and infrastructure, as well as fire-sensitive ecosystems. Over longer timescales, prediction of changes in forest fire regimes is required to model the effect of wildfires on the terrestrial carbon cycle and subsequent feedbacks into the climate system.This was the motivation to publish this book, which is focused on quantifying and modelling the risk factors of forest fires. More specifically, the chapters in this book address four topics: (i) the use of fire danger metrics and other approaches to understand variation in wildfire activity; (ii) understanding changes in the flammability of live fuel; (iii) modeling dead fuel moisture content; and (iv) estimations of emission factors.The book will be of broad relevance to scientists and managers working with fire in different forest ecosystems globally.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Forestry & related industries --- fire danger rating --- fire management --- fire regime --- fire size --- fire weather --- Portugal --- critical LFMC threshold --- forest/grassland fire --- radiative transfer model --- remote sensing --- southwest China --- acid rain --- aerosol --- biomass burning --- forest fire --- PM2.5 --- direct estimation --- meteorological factor regression --- moisture content --- time lag --- forest fire driving factors --- forest fire occurrence --- random forest --- forest fire management --- China --- Cupressus sempervirens --- fire risk --- fuels --- fuel moisture content --- mass loss calorimeter --- Seiridium cardinale --- vulnerability to wildfires --- disease --- alien pathogen --- allochthonous species --- introduced fungus --- drying tests --- humidity diffusion coefficients --- wildfire --- prescribed burning --- modeling --- drought --- flammability --- fuel moisture --- leaf water potential --- plant traits --- climate change --- MNI --- fire season --- fire behavior --- crown fire --- fire modeling --- senescence --- foliar moisture content --- canopy bulk density --- fire danger --- fire weather patterns --- RCP --- FWI system --- SSR --- occurrence of forest fire --- machine learning --- variable importance --- prediction accuracy --- epicormic resprouter --- eucalyptus --- fire severity --- flammability feedbacks --- temperate forest --- n/a

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This Special Issue (SI) aims to investigate the relationships between hydrological and ecological processes and how these interactions can contribute to the optimization of water resources in arid and semi-arid areas. This SI collected 10 original contributions on sustainable land management and the optimization of water resources in fragile environments that are at elevated risk due to climate change. The topics mainly concern transpiration, evapotranspiration, groundwater recharge, deep percolation, and related issues. The collection of manuscripts presented in this SI represents a contribution of knowledge in ecohydrology.

Technology: general issues --- Environmental science, engineering & technology --- sap flow --- water-limited ecosystem --- transpiration --- hysteresis --- nocturnal sap flow --- soil hydraulic conductivity --- aggregate stability --- soil porosity --- soil penetration resistance --- arid sandy land --- infiltration --- precipitation --- deep soil recharge --- freeze–thaw --- gully erosion --- runoff potential --- rainwater harvesting --- ecological restoration --- allophane --- Andisol --- readily soluble silicon --- sequential silicon extraction --- sociology of water use --- well owners --- groundwater --- water supplies --- infrastructure --- water-saving appliances --- diurnal fluctuations --- Phreatophyte --- semiarid --- wetland --- vegetation restoration --- evapotranspiration --- spatial and temporal --- water use efficiency --- Gleam Product --- cover crops --- inter-row management --- evapotranspiration modeling and partition --- FAO56 dual-Kc approach --- soil water balance --- viticulture --- soil structure --- pore volume distribution function --- bulk density --- macroporosity --- air capacity --- plant available water capacity --- relative field capacity --- S-index --- deep infiltration --- runoff --- forest restoration --- compost --- silicon --- soil water retention

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Globally, fire regimes are being altered by changing climatic conditions and land use changes. This has the potential to drive species extinctions and cause ecosystem state changes, with a range of consequences for ecosystem services. Accurate prediction of the risk of forest fires over short timescales (weeks or months) is required for land managers to target suppression resources in order to protect people, property, and infrastructure, as well as fire-sensitive ecosystems. Over longer timescales, prediction of changes in forest fire regimes is required to model the effect of wildfires on the terrestrial carbon cycle and subsequent feedbacks into the climate system.This was the motivation to publish this book, which is focused on quantifying and modelling the risk factors of forest fires. More specifically, the chapters in this book address four topics: (i) the use of fire danger metrics and other approaches to understand variation in wildfire activity; (ii) understanding changes in the flammability of live fuel; (iii) modeling dead fuel moisture content; and (iv) estimations of emission factors.The book will be of broad relevance to scientists and managers working with fire in different forest ecosystems globally.

fire danger rating --- fire management --- fire regime --- fire size --- fire weather --- Portugal --- critical LFMC threshold --- forest/grassland fire --- radiative transfer model --- remote sensing --- southwest China --- acid rain --- aerosol --- biomass burning --- forest fire --- PM2.5 --- direct estimation --- meteorological factor regression --- moisture content --- time lag --- forest fire driving factors --- forest fire occurrence --- random forest --- forest fire management --- China --- Cupressus sempervirens --- fire risk --- fuels --- fuel moisture content --- mass loss calorimeter --- Seiridium cardinale --- vulnerability to wildfires --- disease --- alien pathogen --- allochthonous species --- introduced fungus --- drying tests --- humidity diffusion coefficients --- wildfire --- prescribed burning --- modeling --- drought --- flammability --- fuel moisture --- leaf water potential --- plant traits --- climate change --- MNI --- fire season --- fire behavior --- crown fire --- fire modeling --- senescence --- foliar moisture content --- canopy bulk density --- fire danger --- fire weather patterns --- RCP --- FWI system --- SSR --- occurrence of forest fire --- machine learning --- variable importance --- prediction accuracy --- epicormic resprouter --- eucalyptus --- fire severity --- flammability feedbacks --- temperate forest --- n/a

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There are several major megatrends having an impact on pyrometallurgical metal processing. The steadily growing demand for all metals is strengthened by the emergence of electrical vehicles (EV), which brings a high need for battery metals, but additionally, a significant increase in copper consumption. Even if only moderate forecasts for the number of the EVs become true, production of the base metals must increase by tens of percentages, or even more than double. At the same time, pyrometallurgical processes have to produce fewer side products, such as slag, and maintain the quality level of the primary product, although raw material mixtures are increasingly complex and new elements are entering the processes in secondary raw materials. Therefore, it is imperative to continue the development of pyrometallurgical processes more efficiently and productively, while still improving their selectivity regarding slagging the unwanted material and recovering the desired elements. This Special Issue is for current advances in the pyrometallurgical processing of metals, including all aspects, namely, the basic unit processes and operations in a smelter, metallurgical engineering, furnace integrity, cooling systems, modelling, slag and offgas handling, to name a few. A collection of 13 papers deal with ferrous and ferroalloy development, and the processing of different raw materials for metal production.

blast furnace slag --- TiO2 --- titanium carbonitride --- viscosity --- limonite --- magnetization reduction roasting --- rotary kiln --- deposit --- fayalite --- FeO --- liquid phase --- medium manganese steel --- spinel inclusions --- Ce treatment --- modification mechanism --- copper concentrate --- pyrometallurgy --- flash smelting --- combustion --- classification --- spectroscopy --- PCA --- SIMCA --- PLS-DA --- k-NN --- support vector machines --- scandium --- master alloys --- aluminum alloys --- metallothermy --- vacuum induction melting --- factsage --- nickel laterite --- non-melting reducing --- sodium chloride --- magnetic separation --- garnierite --- vacuum carbothermal reduction --- mechanism --- CaF2 --- recovery --- devolatilization --- torrefied biomass --- bio-coal --- volatile matter --- reduction --- blast furnace --- multistage and deep reduction --- low-oxygen high titanium ferroalloy --- inclusions --- melt separation --- slag-metal separation --- hearth drainage --- iron and slag flow --- interface phenomena --- CaO-SiO2-FetO-P2O5 slag system --- distribution ratio of phosphorus --- dephosphorization --- n·2CaO·SiO2-3CaO·P2O5 solid solution --- B2O3 --- vanadium–titanium sintering --- metallurgical properties --- microstructures --- Søderberg electrodes --- submerged arc furnace (SAF) --- ferro-alloy production --- ferrochrome --- electrical resistivity --- degree of graphitisation --- bulk density --- porosity --- compressive breaking strength