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In de rundveehouderij en voornamelijk bij kalveren wordt er zeer veel antibiotica gebruikt. De hoofdoorzaak voor het hoge antibioticagebruik bij runderen is Bovine Respiratory Disease (verzamelnaam voor luchtwegaandoeningen). Dit hoge antibioticagebruik brengt echter een verhoogd risico op resistentieontwikkeling met zich mee want bacteriën kunnen resistentie ontwikkelen tegen antibiotica waardoor een bepaald antibioticum minder goed of uiteindelijk zelfs niet meer zal werken tegen bepaalde bacteriën. Een mogelijke manier om het gebruik van antimicrobiële middelen bij BRD te beperken, is een correcte en vroegtijdige detectie van BRD. Waardoor een gerichte behandeling kan uitgevoerd worden bij een kleine groep dieren of bij een individueel dier. Hoestdetectie is zo een methode voor de vroege opsporing van BRD.In deze thesis wordt een systeem (algoritme) ontwikkeld dat hoest van een kalf kan onderscheiden van achtergrondgeluiden. Daarvoor worden met behulp van een microfoon geluidsopnames gemaakt van een ziek kalf. Daarna worden de hoesten uit de opname manueel gelabeld en wordt aan de hand van die labels een algoritme ontwikkeld. In totaal worden 3 algoritmes ontwikkeld, die onderling vergeleken worden. Daaruit blijkt dat algoritme 2 het beste algoritme is voor hoestdetectie.Voordat de hoestdetector in de praktijk als alarmsysteem en hulpmiddel voor de vroege detectie van BRD kan worden gebruikt, moet er nog heel wat verder onderzoek verricht worden. Het algoritme moet getest worden onder praktijkomstandigheden en het moet aangepast worden zodat het in staat is om zieke hoesten, veroorzaakt door BRD, te kunnen onderscheiden van gezonde hoesten, door te veel stof of ammoniak in de stal.

Antibioticagebruik. --- Bovine Respiratory Disease. --- Diagnostiek. --- Hoestdetectie. --- Kalveren. --- T170-elektronica. --- Veeteelt.

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This book presents the most important issues related to infections with Mycoplasma bovis, an etiological agent of many disorders in cattle, such as bronchopneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, otitis, keratoconjunctivitis, meningitis, and endocarditis. It consists of one review and eight research articles that discuss lung local immunity in experimental M. bovis pneumonia, antimicrobial susceptibility of M. bovis isolates, aspects related to M. bovis antibody testing, new data on the efficacy of seminal extender in M. bovis, as well as the importance of imported bull examination for this pathogen.

Medicine --- Mycoplasma bovis --- cattle --- leukocytes --- phagocytosis --- oxygen metabolism --- bovine respiratory disease --- prevalence --- minimum inhibitory concentration --- antimicrobial resistance --- mutations --- Spain --- whole genome sequencing --- MIC --- cgMLST --- Bovine Respiratory Disease --- genetic diversity --- antimicrobial --- susceptibility --- resistance --- genotype --- rRNA --- macrolides --- feedlot --- beef --- diagnosis --- control --- immune response --- ELISA --- disease --- bovine semen --- antibiotics --- prevention --- DNA extraction

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Most of the 70 billion animals that are farmed in the world are transported at least once in their lives. For improved animal welfare, sustainability, and profitability it is important that everyone involved in the transportation process takes responsibility for doing a good job. This may require legislation and assurance schemes backed up by inspections and driven by consumer awareness and demand. All aspects of the transportation process, including preparation for transport, handling during loading and unloading, handler and driver training, stocking density on the transport container, journey length, and weather have an effect on animal welfare, meat quality, health after transport, and even mortality during transit. These topics are covered in the papers and reviews in this book together with related aspects such as consumer perceptions of animal transport, cleaning of transport coops, and consideration of on-farm slaughter to obviate the need for transport to an abattoir. The book adds to the knowledge of farm animal transport and highlights areas for future research and improved practice.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Animals & society --- carcass bruises --- cattle transport --- animal welfare --- extensive production system --- welfare --- cattle --- swine --- lameness --- at risk cattle --- bovine respiratory disease --- broiler --- catching --- pre-slaughter chain --- poultry --- wing fractures --- livestock --- transport --- control post --- health --- heat stress --- mortality --- physiology --- sheep --- sea transport --- stress --- beef calves --- fasting --- marketing --- live export --- trucks --- road transport --- consumer perception --- Australia --- pigs --- local breed --- Apulo-Calabrese --- short distance --- blood parameters --- meat quality --- pullet --- stress parameter --- corticosterone metabolite --- cleaning and disinfection --- biosecurity --- food safety --- transportation coops --- environment --- transport quality --- temperature --- THI --- ventilation --- bedding --- boarding --- misting --- qualitative behavioural assessment --- QBA --- behaviour --- Mobile Poultry Processing Unit --- pastured poultry production --- economic efficiency --- broiler transport --- thermal micro-environment

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Antimicrobial resistance is a global One Health topic that affects us all, whether we are working in human or veterinary medicine. Although antibiotic use in farm animals is decreasing in many countries, other nations are still using these essential medical resources as growth promoters to boost economic gains. As veterinarians responsible for animal welfare, it is vital that we are permitted to treat sick animals effectively, but we must learn to be more prudent in our use of these drugs. It is essential that we, as responsible clinicians, policy makers, and researchers, develop methods of quantifying, monitoring, benchmarking, and reporting antibiotic use in both farm and companion animals, so that antimicrobial stewardship schemes can be implemented and their successes or failures analyzed. This Special Issue includes research on antibiotic use and resistance in a variety of animal species, covering cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry, and pets. The relationship between antimicrobial use and resistance in animals is investigated on a global scale, with authors from Austria, Australia, Brazil, Germany, Italy, India, the Netherlands, Peru, Portugal, Slovenia, and the United Kingdom.

Medicine --- Escherichia coli --- antimicrobial resistance --- swine --- weaned piglet --- antibiotic growth promoters --- antibiotic --- antibiotic resistance --- livestock --- antibiotic use --- AMR --- MDR --- environment --- antimicrobial usage --- bovine --- India --- KAP survey --- veterinarians --- antimicrobial use --- antimicrobial resistance (AMR) --- Timor-Leste --- antimicrobial --- veterinary --- prudent use --- critically important antimicrobials --- growth promotion --- poultry --- sheep --- beef cattle --- normalised resistance interpretation --- antimicrobial susceptibility testing --- tetracyclines --- farms --- turkeys --- farm --- antimicrobial resistance genes --- biosecurity --- risk factor --- metagenomics --- qPCR --- isolates --- neonatal calf diarrhea --- survey --- antibiotics --- HPCIA --- urinary tract infection --- Flexicult Vet --- pathogen identification --- dogs --- cats --- veterinary microbiology --- bovine respiratory disease --- multidrug-resistance --- Pasteurella multocida --- Mannheimia haemolytica --- Truperella pyogenes --- dairy farm --- E. coli --- calves --- enteritis --- serotypes --- virulence --- multidrug-resistant --- extensively drug-resistant --- dairy --- ESBL --- MRSA --- dog --- canine parvovirus --- Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 --- multidrug resistance --- One Health --- Enterobacteriaceae --- public awareness --- farmworkers --- chicken --- growth promoters --- Staphylococcus hyicus --- PFGE --- exudative epidermitis --- pigs --- monitoring --- carbapenems --- CPE --- meat-producing animal --- companion animal --- travelers --- feed --- risk assessment --- introduction risk --- stochastic risk model --- coagulase-negative Staphylococcus --- CoNS --- quails --- broilers

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The pestiviruses encompass some of the most economically important viral infections in the cattle, swine, and sheep industries worldwide. Discovered more than 70 years ago, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) were long the main concern, but many new pestiviruses have emerged in recent years, which may also present additional threats to biosecurity and food safety. This issue brings together contributions from multiple disciplines – virology, immunology, veterinary clinical medicine, epidemiology, and pathology – on the subject of BVDV and related pestiviruses, and cover host–virus interactions, virus–cell interactions, cross-species transmission as well as the role of wildlife species as reservoirs of some of the pestiviruses.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Linda virus --- serological profile --- virus neutralization assay --- virus pathogenicity --- humoral immune response --- pestivirus --- pig --- APPV --- phylogenetic analysis --- Italy --- bvdv --- epidemiology --- reindeer --- border disease virus --- Norway --- Pestivirus --- BVDV --- CD46 --- life cell imaging --- attachment --- surface transport --- experimental infection --- natural infection --- pigs --- bovine viral diarrhoea virus --- persistent testicular infection --- prolonged testicular infection --- bovine --- testes --- semen --- wild boar --- ML tree --- Clade --- Bungowannah virus --- pestivirus F --- ruminant infection --- foetus --- porcine --- real-time PCR --- serology --- virology --- bovine viral diarrhea virus --- cytopathic BVDV --- immunosuppression --- lymphocyte apoptosis --- monocyte-derived macrophages --- non-cytopathic BVDV --- Australia --- deer --- prevalence --- ruminants --- serosurveillance --- wildlife disease --- diarrhea --- bovine respiratory disease --- milk production --- somatic cells count (SCC) --- reproductive performance --- BVDV persistent infection --- fetus --- thymus --- immune response --- flavivirus --- reverse genetics --- single round infectious particle --- bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) --- escape mutant --- ERNS --- adaptation --- CRISPR --- knockout --- MDBK --- cell entry --- pestiviruses --- congenital tremor type A-II --- persistent infection --- rangeland beef herds --- northern Australia --- atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) --- viral persistence --- congenital tremor --- swine --- asymptomatic --- genomic sequence --- purifying selection --- bovine pestiviruses --- bovine viral diarrhoea --- vaccination --- control --- diagnosis --- antigenic cross-reactivity