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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Medicine --- Dietetics & nutrition --- prebiotic --- dietary fiber --- gut microbiota --- bovine milk oligosaccharides --- human milk oligosaccharides --- enzymatic glycosylation --- non-digestible carbohydrates --- cross feeding

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The conversion of milk to different dairy products is a technological process that has been in use for hundreds of years. Most dairy products are produced at a commercial scale using traditional methods and therefore, many efforts have been made to introduce novel technologies in their manufacture for improving their quality in general. More specifically, modern processing approaches may be used with the aim to develop new dairy products, to extend their shelf life, to change their textural properties, to ensure their safety or to increase their nutritional and health value. High Hydrostatic Pressure treatment, Ultrasound Processing, Pulse Electric Field treatment and Membrane Processing are some of these novel processes, which may be used in milk, yoghurt and other dairy product processing. Moreover, new dairy ingredients can be produced after enrichment with milk components, while modern analytical methods, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray microtomography, are used for testing the main properties of dairy products.

Technology: general issues --- Chemical engineering --- recrystallization --- food hydrocolloids --- methods for crystal structure evaluation --- high hydrostatic pressure --- whey protein hydrolysates --- sheep milk --- yoghurt --- ACE inhibitory activity --- gel properties --- heat stability --- traditional yoghurt starter --- biofunctionality --- alpha-lactalbumin (α-Lac) --- beta-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) --- high pressure processing (HPP) --- pasteurization --- ready-to-feed (RTF) infant formula --- milk phospholipids --- buttermilk --- life-cycle assessment --- carbon footprint --- supercritical fluid extraction --- membrane separation --- microfiltration --- ovine milk --- bovine milk --- casein fractions --- alkaline phosphatase --- cathepsin D --- milk renneting properties --- probiotics --- viability model --- high-pressure processing --- rheology --- sensory quality --- fermented dairy beverage --- antioxidant capacity --- microbial inactivation --- image analysis --- high pressure processing --- total phenolic content --- n/a

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The conversion of milk to different dairy products is a technological process that has been in use for hundreds of years. Most dairy products are produced at a commercial scale using traditional methods and therefore, many efforts have been made to introduce novel technologies in their manufacture for improving their quality in general. More specifically, modern processing approaches may be used with the aim to develop new dairy products, to extend their shelf life, to change their textural properties, to ensure their safety or to increase their nutritional and health value. High Hydrostatic Pressure treatment, Ultrasound Processing, Pulse Electric Field treatment and Membrane Processing are some of these novel processes, which may be used in milk, yoghurt and other dairy product processing. Moreover, new dairy ingredients can be produced after enrichment with milk components, while modern analytical methods, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray microtomography, are used for testing the main properties of dairy products.

recrystallization --- food hydrocolloids --- methods for crystal structure evaluation --- high hydrostatic pressure --- whey protein hydrolysates --- sheep milk --- yoghurt --- ACE inhibitory activity --- gel properties --- heat stability --- traditional yoghurt starter --- biofunctionality --- alpha-lactalbumin (α-Lac) --- beta-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) --- high pressure processing (HPP) --- pasteurization --- ready-to-feed (RTF) infant formula --- milk phospholipids --- buttermilk --- life-cycle assessment --- carbon footprint --- supercritical fluid extraction --- membrane separation --- microfiltration --- ovine milk --- bovine milk --- casein fractions --- alkaline phosphatase --- cathepsin D --- milk renneting properties --- probiotics --- viability model --- high-pressure processing --- rheology --- sensory quality --- fermented dairy beverage --- antioxidant capacity --- microbial inactivation --- image analysis --- high pressure processing --- total phenolic content --- n/a

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Milk processing is one of the most ancient food technologies, dating back to around 6000 B.C. A huge number of milk products have been developed worldwide, representing a spectacular example of biodiversity and a priceless cultural heritage. After millennia of unanimous appreciation as a pillar of human nutrition, a series of questions about the desirability of their wide consumption have been raised. In the light of the growing threat deriving mostly from the spread of veganism and health consciousness, improving milk prcoessing safety and dairy nutritional characteristics, as well as deepening their functional characteristics, are of a primary exigency. This Special Issue contains several articles focusing on this hot topic, all of which add knowledge to the field and supply interesting ideas for developing new products and processes.

Technology: general issues --- milk composition --- Parmigiano Reggiano cheese --- cheese-making efficiency --- curd fines --- cheese-making losses --- zinc --- ewes’ milk cheese --- rumenic acid --- zinc-dependent enzyme --- volatile compound --- cheesemaking --- donkey milk --- fatty acids --- sensory analysis --- VOC --- starch --- yogurt --- rheology --- sensory --- texture --- defatted cheese --- peptides --- amino acids --- bioactivity --- digestibility --- cheese quality --- mountain cheese --- fatty acid profile --- volatile organic compounds --- sensory properties --- milk clotting --- cheese --- kiwifruit --- actinidin --- nutraceutical properties --- microstructure --- Raman spectroscopy --- confocal laser scanning microscopy --- cheese freezing --- cream cheese --- NMR spectroscopy --- cryoprotectants --- black tea --- acidified dairy gel --- textural property --- antioxidant capacity --- functional yogurt --- fenugreek and Moringa oleifera seed flours --- total phenolic content --- antioxidant activity --- antibacterial activity --- mineral content --- Rubus suavissimus S. Lee (Chinese sweet tea) --- antioxidant --- anticancer --- antihypertensive --- polymerized goat milk whey protein --- soy isoflavones --- nanoparticle --- physicochemical property --- milk fat globules --- bovine milk proteins --- milk fat globule membrane --- comparative proteomics --- infant formula preparation --- n/a --- panela cheese --- angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition --- probiotic addition --- DPPH --- ABTS --- ewes' milk cheese

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In this Special Issue, we have published papers on the health-promoting effects of nutraceuticals from different sources, and their effects in different pathologies. Extracts from plants have been analyzed, for example, extracts from olive leaves, Mikania micrantha, the devil’s claw, raspberries and others, alongside marine phytoplankton, egg-yolk and marketed dietary supplements. The effects of these extracts and dietary supplements have been studied in diseases associated with obesity, and in diseases where inflammation pathways are involved. The effectiveness of resveratrol and curcumin to support the anticancer activity of cisplatin has also been reported, as well as the ability of devil’s claw root extract to stimulate the CB2 receptors in synoviocytes in osteoarthritis patients. The anti-oxidant effect of marine phytoplankton has been studied on muscle damage, both in humans and in an animal model, and the effects of the metabolite of antocianin were analyzed in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Finally, reviews on the use of lactoferrin, ω3 and ω6 and abscisic acid have been reported, in addition to the crosstalk between prostate cancer and microbiota inflammation. Although it is not yet possible to draw definitive conclusions on the use of nutraceuticals, several mechanisms of action for many of them have been further clarified.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- fertility --- ingredients --- male reproduction --- semen parameters --- supplements --- allithiamine --- garlic --- hyperglycaemia --- advanced glycation end-products --- cytokines --- abscisic acid --- prediabetes --- type 2 diabetes mellitus --- metabolic syndrome --- insulin resistance --- adipocyte browning --- AMP-activated protein kinase --- food supplement --- frambinone --- meal frequency --- open-field test --- elevated plus maze --- sensory motor gating --- pre-pulse inhibition --- c-Fos --- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis --- anti-inflammatory --- antioxidant --- phenolic acid --- neuroprotective --- neurodegeneration --- obesity --- overweight --- beta-glucans --- chitosan --- follow up study --- weight loss programs --- weight gain --- weight loss --- body weight changes --- phytoplankton --- antioxidants --- muscle damage --- muscle recovery --- muscle soreness --- Viburnum opulus --- phenolic compounds --- adipogenesis --- PPARγ --- lipase inhibition --- green tea --- epigallocatechin --- lipid profile --- high-fat diet --- fast food --- osteoarthritis --- nutraceuticals --- polyphenols --- volatile compounds --- β-caryophyllene --- eugenol --- FAAH --- cannabinoid receptors --- phospholipases --- lactoferrin --- bovine milk --- nutraceutical --- human health --- resveratrol --- curcumin --- cisplatin --- head and neck cancer --- cell cycle --- apoptosis --- prostate cancer --- microbiota --- nutraceutical compounds --- fecundation --- inflammation --- cytokine --- growth factors --- metabolomics --- lipidomics --- ω-3PUFAs --- ω-6PUFAs --- endocannabinoids --- CRC --- fatty acids --- Gymnema inodorum --- gymnemic acid --- Mikania micrantha --- anti-hypercholesterolemia --- steatosis --- olive leaf --- macrophages