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The Boreal forest is the northern-most forest in the world, whose organisms and dynamics are shaped by low temperature and high latitude. The Alaskan Boreal forest is now warming as rapidly as any place on earth, providing an unprecedented opportunity to examine a biome as it adjusts to change.
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Boreal forest --- Taigas --- Tajga --- Taïga --- Toendra --- Toundra --- Tundras --- Toundras --- Taïgas --- Taiga ecology --- Tundra ecology --- Taïgas --- Écologie des taïgas --- Écologie des toundras --- Periodicals
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Wildlife population assessment has taken more and more importance through recent years. In Finland, the main used method for population estimation is called “Track counting” and leads to a Kilometric Abundance Index (KAI). As moose takes an essential place in Finnish forestry, it is surveyed each winter thanks to this method. Besides, there is a need in understanding winter habitat selection in order to adjust its management. This study is divided into two main parts: the first one aims to study the impacts of meteorological conditions on daily KAI, the second part focuses on localisation and characterization of winter habitat. For KAI study, three 10km-odd transects have been randomly dimensioned and walked every week from 22nd of January to 23nd of April 2019. New moose’s tracks from last week were counted and a daily KAI was estimated (tracks seen per 10km per day). Best subset method was used to select the model that better predicts KAI according to meteorological parameters. For winter habitat determination, fresh moose’s tracks were followed to localise droppings and resting places. Zones with a high density of found items were considered as preferred habitat. For those habitats, vegetation surveys were conducted, thanks to 5x5m quadrats, both inside and outside the preferred habitats. One-way Anova were achieved in order to highlight differences in terms of vegetation parameters. The built model includes snow depth, snow sinking and daily maximal temperature (r²=0.54). KAI increases with an increasing snow sinking and decreases with the increases of the two other parameters. Results of winter habitat determination have pointed out a difference in trees layer, with more trees in adjacent vegetation (p-value=0.033). In shrub layer, number of individuals is generally higher in preferred habitats (p-value=0.045), with birch (Betula sp.) and pine (Pinus sylvestris) as main found species. Results of this study, both in KAI and winter habitat selection, could help forest manager decision-making process while surveying moose. Depuis les récentes décennies, l’évaluation des populations d’animaux sauvages a pris de plus en plus d’importance. En Finlande, la méthode utilisée pour l’estimation de population animale consiste en un relevé d’un Indice Kilométrique d’Abondance (IKA), en comptant chaque hiver, le nombre de traces dans a neige le long d’un transect. L’élan fait partie des espèces suivies par cette méthode, vu son importance dans les écosystèmes forestiers finlandais. En plus de ces estimations, une meilleure compréhension de la sélection d’habitat hivernaux est primordiale. Les objectifs de cette étude sont divisés en deux sections : la première vise à évaluer l’influence des conditions météorologiques sur l’IKA et la seconde partie s’intéresse à la localisation et caractérisation des habitats hivernaux préférentiels. Pour estimer un IKA journalier, trois transect d’environ 10km ont été aléatoirement reparti sur la zone d’étude et parcouru chaque semaine du 22 janvier au 23 avril 2019. Toutes nouvelles traces d’élans repérés ont été comptées et un IKA journalier a été estimé (nombre de traces vues par 10km par jour). La méthode des best-subset a été utilisé pour déterminer le meilleur modèle permettant de prédire l’IKA selon les différents paramètres météorologiques. Pour l’étude des habitats hivernaux, plusieurs traces fraiches ont été suivis afin de géolocaliser les crottes et couches. Les zones avec une plus grande densité ont été considérés comme habitats préférentiels. Pour ceux-ci, une comparaison de végétation avec la végétation adjacentes a été réalisé par la mise en place de quadrats de relevés. Des Anova à un facteur ont permis d’identifier les différences entre les principales variables mesurées. Le modèle construit permet une estimation correcte de l’IKA (r² =0.54) sur base de la profondeur de neige, de l’enfoncement et de la température maximale journalière. Ainsi, l’IKA augmente avec l’augmentation de l’enfoncement et diminue avec l’augmentation des deux dernières variables. Les résultats de l’étude des habitats hivernaux ont montré une différence significative du nombre d’arbres comptés, en moyenne plus élevés dans la végétation adjacente (p-valeur=0.033). Dans la strate herbacée, il y a en moyenne plus d’arbustes dans les habitats préférentiels (p-valeur=0.045), avec une grande présence de bouleau (Betula sp.) et de pin (Pinus sylvestris). Les resultats de cette étude, que ce soit sur l’IKA ou sur la sélection d’habitats, fournissent des informations concrètes utiles à tout gestionnaire forestier pour la gestion de populations d’élans.
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"Boreal ecosystems contain one-third of the world's forests and stored carbon, but these regions are under increasing threat from both natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Written by leaders from the forefront of private, public and academic sectors Reclamation and restoration of boreal ecosystems emphasizes a broad, conceptual approach to the specific application of empirical research into development planning, restoration and modelling of these ecosystems, the importance of which is highlighted at a time of global climate change as they act as carbon sinks. There is a focus on the reclamation of exploited ecosystems from a holistic standpoint, ranging from environmental and edaphic variables to the restoration of keystone flora. Recent advances in quantification of ecosystem services, such as habitat suitability and carbon storage modelling are also detailed. The book contains case-studies which address how both historical and novel assemblages can provide ecosystem stability under projected climatic and land-use scenarios"--
Taiga ecology. --- Rain forest ecology. --- Rain forest conservation. --- Taiga conservation. --- Forest ecology. --- Forest ecosystems --- Forests and forestry --- Ecology --- Forest conservation --- Rain forest conservation --- Equatorial forest ecology --- Rain forest ecology --- Rain forests --- Tropical rain forest ecology --- Forest ecology --- Boreal forest ecology
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Comme tous les écosystèmes mondiaux, les forêts sont caractérisées par une composition et une structure dynamiques dans le temps et dans l’espace. Elles sont en constante évolution, dépendantes des perturbations intrinsèques et extrinsèques qui s’y déroulent. Le domaine de la foresterie opère actuellement une transition technologique qui a pour objectif de valoriser au mieux les nouvelles méthodes de détection et d’analyse dans le but d’optimiser les inventaires sur le terrain, mais également en dehors. Les inventaires forestiers ont pour objectif de mesurer l’étendue, la quantité, la composition et les conditions des ressources forestières à un moment donné. Ils peuvent ensuite être utilisés à des fins de modélisation pour prédire des situations dans le temps et dans l’espace. Les nouvelles techniques d’inventaire tel que le LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) et la télédétection pourraient potentiellement substituer les techniques classiques, mais elles peuvent aussi les compléter. Malgré le grand nombre de placettes d’inventaires permanentes instaurées par le MFFP (Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs) pour les inventaires décennaux, peu d’entre elles se situent dans des zones de régénération dont la hauteur est inférieure à 7 m. L’intérêt grandissant du LiDAR aérien et le développement matériel qui l’accompagne ont permis au Québec de procéder à l’acquisition de nuages de points de manière systématique depuis le début de XXIe siècle. De plus il existe des photographies aériennes historiques acquises à des fins d’interprétation de la composition en essences pour les inventaires décennaux qui couvrent les mêmes zones couvertes par le LiDAR. Ces images (digitales ou analogiques) peuvent faire l’objet d’un traitement photogrammétrique afin d’en tirer un nuage de points de la structure du paysage photographié. La combinaison de ces deux outils novateurs permet de produire des modèles de hauteur de canopée (Canopy Height Model – CHM) photo-LiDAR qui caractérisent la hauteur des peuplements à une date antérieure (date de la photographie). Le CHM issu intégralement du LiDAR décrit quant à lui la hauteur de la forêt pour l’année à laquelle la donnée LiDAR a été acquise. Ces CHM peuvent être assemblés afin de produire des séries temporelles décrivant la hauteur des peuplements depuis une perturbation majeure. Confrontées avec des paramètres écologiques, ces courbes pourraient mener à la création d’un modèle de croissance des peuplements en régénération en forêt boréale québécoise. Like all global ecosystems, forests are characterized by a dynamic composition and structure in time and space. They are constantly evolving, dependent on the intrinsic and extrinsic disturbances that take place there. The field of forestry is currently undergoing a technological transition that aims to make the best use of new methods of detection and analysis to optimize inventories in the field, but also outside. Forest inventories are designed to measure the extent, quantity, composition and conditions of forest resources at a given time. They can then be used for modeling purposes to predict situations in time and space. New inventory techniques such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and remote sensing could potentially replace conventional techniques, but they can also complement them. Despite the large number of permanent inventory plots established by the MFFP (Minister of Forests, Wildlife and Parks) for decennial inventories, few of them are in regeneration areas less than 7 m high. The growing interest of the ALS (Airborne Laser Scanning) and the material development that comes with it has enabled Québec to acquire point clouds systematically since the beginning of the 21st century. In addition, there are historical aerial photographs acquired for interpreting the species composition for ten-year inventories that cover the same areas covered by LiDAR. These images (digital or analogue) can be photogrammetrically processed to draw a point cloud from the structure of the photographed landscape. The combination of these two innovative tools makes it possible to produce photo-LiDAR Canopy Height Models (CHM) that characterize stand height at an earlier date (date of photography). The CHM derived entirely from LiDAR describes the height of the forest for the year in which the LiDAR data was acquired. These CHMs can be assembled to produce time series describing stand height from a major disturbance. Confronted with ecological parameters, these curves could lead to the creation of a growth model of regenerating stands in Quebec's boreal forest.
ALS --- MHC --- MNS --- MNT --- LiDAR --- Photogrammétrie --- Régénération --- Épinette noire --- Forêt boréale --- ALS --- CHM --- DSM --- DTM --- LiDAR --- Photogrammetry --- Regeneration --- Black spruce --- Boreal forest --- Sciences du vivant > Sciences de l'environnement & écologie
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Algonquian Indians --- Human ecology --- Taiga ecology --- Economic conditions --- 572.1/.4 --- -Human ecology --- -Taiga ecology --- -Boreal forest ecology --- Forest ecology --- Ecology --- Environment, Human --- Human beings --- Human environment --- Ecological engineering --- Human geography --- Nature --- Algonkian Indians --- Indians of North America --- Moravian Indians --- Anthropogeny. Human development in general. Origin of the human species --- Social aspects --- Effect of environment on --- Effect of human beings on --- -Anthropogeny. Human development in general. Origin of the human species --- 572.1/.4 Anthropogeny. Human development in general. Origin of the human species --- -572.1/.4 Anthropogeny. Human development in general. Origin of the human species --- Boreal forest ecology
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The Arctic Tundra and adjacent Boreal Forest or Taiga support the most cold-adapted flora and fauna on Earth. The evolutionary capacity of both plants and animals to adapt to these thermally limiting conditions has always attracted biological investigation and is a central theme of this book. How the polar biota will adapt to a warmer world is creating significant and renewed interest in this habitat. The Arctic has always been subject to climatic fluctuation and the polar biotahas successfully adapted to these changes throughout its evolutionary history. Whether or not climatic warming will a
Human geography --- Tundra ecology --- Taiga ecology --- Anthropology --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Social Sciences --- Anthropogeography & Human Ecology --- Ecology --- Boreal forest ecology --- Forest ecology --- Anthropo-geography --- Anthropogeography --- Geographical distribution of humans --- Social geography --- Geography --- Human ecology --- Arctic regions --- Arctic --- Arctic Ocean Region --- Arctic, The --- Far North --- The Arctic --- Polar regions --- Social conditions.
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This book describes the fauna of the Pernambuco Endemism Center in Brazil's Northern Atlantic Forest, an understudied global biodiversity hotspot. Through fifteen curated chapters, it provides the latest information about the fauna of the northern portion of the Atlantic Forest, gathering important information about the faunal composition of the region for the first time. The chapters address animal biodiversity including terrestrial and aquatic vertebrates (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals) and invertebrates (ants, butterflies, dung beetles, hervestmen, spiders, and termites). All chapters provide species lists, taxonomic aspects and richness analysis. Conservation of specific animal groups is also discussed. Finally, the book discusses human impacts on the forest and its biodiversity, emphasizing the need for conservation of this highly impacted ecosystem.
Biodiversity. --- Taiga ecology. --- Geography. --- Boreal Ecology. --- Regional Geography. --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Boreal forest ecology --- Forest ecology --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biology --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Animal diversity. --- Animal biodiversity --- Animal biological diversity --- Animals --- Diversity, Animal --- Faunal diversity --- Zoological diversity --- Biodiversity --- Diversity
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Reaching from interior Alaska across Canada to Labrador and Newfoundland, North America's boreal forest is the largest wilderness area left on the planet. It is critical habitat for billions of birds; more than 300 species regularly breed there. After the breeding season, many boreal birds migrate to seasonal habitats across the United States, Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central and South America. This volume brings together new research on boreal bird biology and conservation. It highlights the importance of the region to the global avifauna and to the connectivity between the boreal forest and ecoregions throughout the Americas. The contributions showcase a unique set of perspectives on the migration, wintering ecology, and conservation of bird communities that are tied to the boreal forest in ways that may not have been previously considered.
Forest birds --- Birds --- Taiga ecology --- Ecology --- alaskan birds. --- american birds. --- avian biology. --- avian guide. --- biodiversity. --- bird conservation. --- bird guide book. --- bird habitats. --- bird migration. --- bird species. --- birds and ecosystems. --- birds and forest. --- birdwatcher books. --- boreal forest. --- boreal regions. --- canadian birds. --- climate change. --- ecology and birds. --- ecology and conservation. --- ecosystems and species. --- endangered species. --- environment conservation. --- environment protection. --- global warming. --- mexican birds. --- ornithologists. --- ornithology. --- seasonal habitats. --- tropical birds. --- zoology.
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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have already become an affordable and cost-efficient tool to quickly map a targeted area for many emerging applications in the arena of ecological monitoring and biodiversity conservation. Managers, owners, companies, and scientists are using professional drones equipped with high-resolution visible, multispectral, or thermal cameras to assess the state of ecosystems, the effect of disturbances, or the dynamics and changes within biological communities inter alia. We are now at a tipping point on the use of drones for these type of applications over natural areas. UAV missions are increasing but most of them are testing applicability. It is time now to move to frequent revisiting missions, aiding in the retrieval of important biophysical parameters in ecosystems or mapping species distributions. This Special Issue shows UAV applications contributing to a better understanding of biodiversity and ecosystem status, threats, changes, and trends. It documents the enhancement of knowledge in ecological integrity parameters mapping, long-term ecological monitoring based on drones, mapping of alien species spread and distribution, upscaling ecological variables from drone to satellite images: methods and approaches, rapid risk and disturbance assessment using drones, mapping albedo with UAVs, wildlife tracking, bird colony and chimpanzee nest mapping, habitat mapping and monitoring, and a review on drones for conservation in protected areas.
Pinus nigra --- unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) --- biological conservation --- precision --- flight altitude --- accuracy --- multiscale approach --- low-cost UAV --- LTER --- small UAV --- ecological monitoring --- Sequoia --- long-term monitoring --- albedo --- image processing --- vegetation indices --- Tanzania --- ground-truth --- Sentinel-2 --- biodiversity threats --- field experiments --- effective management --- great apes --- drone --- ecological integrity --- multispectral --- rice crops --- conservation --- protected areas --- survey --- response surface --- aerial survey --- bird censuses --- multispectral mapping --- drones --- UAS --- hyperspectral --- UAV --- random forest --- Pinus sylvestris --- NDVI --- UAVs --- Parrot Sequoia --- supervised classification --- drone mapping --- RPAS --- greenness index --- image resolution --- Plegadis falcinellus --- Motus --- biodiversity --- Landsat 8 --- Sentinel --- boreal forest --- phenology --- LTSER --- western swamphen --- Parrot SEQUOIA --- native grassland --- forêt Montmorency --- drought --- forest regeneration --- radio-tracking
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